Upgrade Protobuf C++ to 22.5

[ejona86]

Refreshed version of #10048

TODO:

• We need a newer MSVC for Windows. The absl version we need requires MSVC 15.0 (VS 2017). The next version will require MSVC++ 16.0 (VS 2019). I've played some trying to get Visual Studio 2019 working, and had some trouble setting up the environment variables. master...ejona86:grpc-java:win2019
• Find pkg-config/pkgconf for Windows; a binary or compile from source. Or maybe just hard-code the libs

CC @kannanjgithub

[ejona86]

Ugh. I need to re-add the absl downloading. During testing it must have been laying around from previous attempts and re-used.