fix(docker): build simple planning simulator with core

[xmfcx]

Description

• Move autoware_simple_planning_simulator from the generic Core dependency build into the Core source overlay.
• Build it with autoware_core and autoware_rviz_plugins in core-devel.
• Prevent rosdep from satisfying its autoware_core dependency with released Autoware Debian packages.

Why

autoware_simple_planning_simulator depends on autoware_core. Exposing its manifests in core-dependencies while hiding autoware_core causes rosdep to install released Core packages. In the failing Humble nightly job, this installed ros-humble-autoware-point-types 1.9.0, and the later source build found stale headers under /opt/ros/humble while compiling autoware_euclidean_cluster.

Building the simulator repository in the same source overlay as autoware_core preserves the intended dependency boundary and prevents those released packages from entering the image.

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Test plan

• Run docker buildx bake -f docker/docker-bake.hcl core-devel --print.
• Run ROS_DISTRO=humble docker buildx bake -f docker/docker-bake.hcl core-devel --progress=plain.
• Run ROS_DISTRO=humble docker buildx bake -f docker/docker-bake.hcl universe-devel --progress=plain.
• Confirm the final Humble images contain the workspace packages and no ros-humble-autoware-* Debian packages.

AI usage

AI usage: Investigated and implemented with Codex from the reported failing nightly job and the requested Docker stage boundary.

Self-review: Not reviewed yet.

Verification: Built the Humble `core-devel` and `universe-devel` images; `universe-devel` finished all 538 packages, including `autoware_simple_planning_simulator` and `autoware_euclidean_cluster`, and the final images contained no `ros-humble-autoware-*` Debian packages.

Docker bake validation

• docker buildx bake -f docker/docker-bake.hcl core-devel --print exited with status 0 and resolved the autoware:core-devel-humble target.
• Jazzy and ARM64 image configurations were not validated.

Humble Core image build

• ROS_DISTRO=humble docker buildx bake -f docker/docker-bake.hcl core-devel --progress=plain exited with status 0.
• The dependency stage finished 52 packages, and the source-overlay stage finished 84 packages.
• The resulting image contained the workspace PointCloudClassification header and no ros-humble-autoware-* Debian packages.

Humble Universe image build

• ROS_DISTRO=humble docker buildx bake -f docker/docker-bake.hcl universe-devel --progress=plain exited with status 0.
• The build reported 538 packages finished [26min 45s]; autoware_simple_planning_simulator and autoware_euclidean_cluster finished successfully.
• The resulting image contained both workspace package manifests and no ros-humble-autoware-* Debian packages.
• A separate colcon test run and the GitHub Actions job were not run.

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