[css-anchor-position-1] Add 'inset-area' property. #9145

css-anchor-position-1/Overview.bs

@@ -347,12 +347,219 @@ Anchor-Based Positioning {#positioning}
 ========================
 
 An [=absolutely-positioned=] element
-can use the <dfn>anchor()</dfn> function
-in its [=inset properties=]
-to refer to the position of one or more [=anchor elements=].
-The ''anchor()'' function resolves to a <<length>>,
-exactly what is needed to position the given inset edge
-to the specified position on the [=anchor element=].
+can position itself relative to one or more [=anchor elements=] on the page.
+
+The 'inset-area' function offers a convenient grid-based concept
+for positioning relative to the [=default anchor element=];
+for more complex positioning or positioning relative to multiple elements,
+the ''anchor()'' function can be used in the [=inset properties=]
+to explicitly refer to edges of an [=anchor element=].
+
+The 'inset-area' Property {#inset-area}
+---------------------------------------
+
+<pre class=propdef>
+Name: inset-area
+Value: none | <inset-area-span> [ / <inset-area-span> ]?
+Initial: none
+Inherited: no
+Applies to: positioned elements with a [=default anchor element=]
+Animation type: TBD
+</pre>
+
+<pre class=prod>
+<dfn>&lt;inset-area-span></dfn> =
+	[ top || bottom || center ] |
+	[ left || right || center ] |
+	[ x-start || x-end || center ] |
+	[ y-start || y-end || center ] |
+	[ start || end || center ] |
+	[ self-start || self-end || center ] |
+	all
+</pre>
+
+Most common use-cases of anchor positioning
+only need to worry about
+the edges of the positioned element's [=containing block=],
+and the edges of the [=default anchor element=].
+These lines can be thought of as defining a 3x3 grid;
+'inset-area' lets you easily set up the positioned element's [=inset properties=]
+by specifying what area of this [=inset-area grid=] you want the positioned element to be in.
+Its syntax is:
+
+<dl dfn-for=inset-area dfn-type=value>
+	: <dfn>none</dfn>
+	:: The property has no effect.
+
+	: <dfn><<inset-area-span>></dfn>
+	:: Behaves as <css>&lt;inset-area-span> / all</css>,
+		filling the entire row/column of the grid
+		indicated by the specified value.
+
+	: <dfn><<inset-area-span>> [ / <<inset-area-span>> ]?</dfn>
+	::
+		If the element does not have a [=default anchor element=],
+		or is not an [=absolutely-positioned=] element,
+		this value has no effect.
+
+		Otherwise, the two spans define a rectangular region
+		of the [=inset-area grid=],
+		and have the following effects:
+
+		1. Any ''top/auto'' [=inset properties=] compute to
+			the appropriate value
+			to match the rectangular region.
+		2. The ''align-self/normal'' value for the [=self-alignment properties=]
+			behaves as either ''align-self/start'', ''align-self/end'',
+			or ''align-self/anchor-center'',
+			depending on the positioning of the region,
+			to give a good default alignment for the positioned element.
+
+		See [[#resolving-spans]] for details on both of these effects.
+		If the two <<inset-area-span>>s do not define a valid region,
+		this property is invalid.
+</dl>
+
+
+<h3 id=resolving-spans>
+Resolving <<inset-area-span>>s</h3>
+
+The <dfn export>inset-area grid</dfn> is conceptually a 3x3 grid,
+composed of four grid lines in each axis.
+In order:
+
+* the start edge of the element's [=containing block=]
+	(aka the position referred to by ''top: 0px;''
+	or whatever [=inset property=] corresponds to
+	the start side fo the containing block)
+* the ''anchor(start)'' edge of the [=default anchor element=]
+* the ''anchor(end)'' edge of the [=default anchor element=]
+* the end edge of the element's [=containing block=]
+	(aka the position referred to by ''bottom: 0px'',
+	or whatever [=inset property=] is opposite the first one)
+
+Each <<inset-area-span>> specifies 1-3 regions in a given axis of that grid:
+the "start" region between the first two of those grid lines;
+the "center" region between the center two;
+or the "end region" between the last two.
+
+<dl dfn-type=value dfn-for="inset-area, <inset-area-span>">
+	: <dfn>all</dfn>
+	:: All three regions of that axis,
+		spanning the entire breadth of the containing block.
+
+	: <dfn>start</dfn>
+	: <dfn>end</dfn>
+	: <dfn>self-start</dfn>
+	: <dfn>self-end</dfn>
+	: <dfn>center</dfn>
+	: <dfn>top</dfn>
+	: <dfn>bottom</dfn>
+	: <dfn>y-start</dfn>
+	: <dfn>y-end</dfn>
+	: <dfn>left</dfn>
+	: <dfn>right</dfn>
+	: <dfn>x-start</dfn>
+	: <dfn>x-end</dfn>
+	:: Any single keyword refers just to that region in the axis.
+
+		Like in ''anchor()'',
+		''inset-area/start'' and ''inset-area/end''
+		refer to the writing mode of the element's [=containing block=],
+		while ''inset-area/self-start'' and ''inset-area/self-end''
+		refer to the element's own writing mode.
+
+	: two keywords
+	:: Refers to the area spanned by the two indicated regions.
+
+		(For example, ''top center'' spans the first two regions,
+		but ''top bottom'' spans all three.)
+
+	: three keywords
+	:: Refers to all three regions in the axis,
+		identical to ''inset-area/all''
+</dl>
+
+Two spans referring to different axises
+thus define a rectangular region of the [=inset-area grid=].
+
+To determine the axises of two spans:
+
+* If a span include a keyword that implies a physical axis
+	(''inset-area/top'', ''inset-area/x-start'', etc),
+	that's its axis.
+* If both of the spans include a physical keyword,
+	they must refer to different axises.
+	If not, then the two spans do not define a valid region.
+* If one of the spans include a physical keyword,
+	and the other doesn't
+	(it only includes ambiguous keywords,
+	like ''inset-area/center'' or ''inset-area/start''),
+	then the other span's axis is perpendicular to the physical one.
+* If neither span includes a physical keyword,
+	the first refers to the [=block axis=]
+	of the [=containing block=],
+	and the second to the [=inline axis=].
+
+If the spans define a valid region,
+they cause ''top/auto'' values for the [=inset properties=]
+to compute to values that will align the [=inset-modified containing block=]
+with the boundary of the defined region
+on that side.
+
+Each span also implies a default alignment,
+which will be used if the [=self-alignment property=] on the element
+is ''align-self/normal'':
+
+* If the span includes the center region,
+	the default alignment in that axis is ''align-self/anchor-center''.
+* Otherwise, it's the opposite of the region it specifies:
+	if it's specifying the "start" region,
+	the default alignment in that axis is ''align-self/end''; etc.
+
+<div class=example>
+	For example, assuming an English-equivalent writing mode (horizontal-tb, ltr),
+	then the spans ''start center / top'' resolve to
+	the "start" region of the vertical axis,
+	and the "start" and "center" regions of the horizontal axis,
+	which will compute the [=inset properties=] to:
+
+	<pre highlight=css>
+	/* "auto" computes to: */
+	top: 0px;
+	bottom: anchor(start);
+	left: 0px;
+	right: anchor(end);
+	/* "normal" behaves as: */
+	align-self: end;
+	justify-self: anchor-center;
+	</pre>
+
+	In other words, its [=inset-modified containing block=]
+	will be the pink region in the below diagram,
+	and the positioned element
+	will be centered against the top edge of the anchor.
+
+	<figure>
+		<img src="images/inset-area-example.png" width=400>
+		<figcaption>
+			An example of ''inset-area: start center / top'' positioning.
+		</figcaption>
+</div>
+
+Note: While the [=default anchor element=] can actually be positioned
+outside of the positioned element's [=containing block=],
+for the purpose of 'inset-area'&apos;s effects
+it's considered to be within the block,
+so the grid lines always have the described order.
+That is, even if the anchor is entirely below the containing block,
+a ''inset-area/bottom'' span will still cause the element to behave as
+''top: anchor(end); bottom: 0px; align-content: start;'';
+the rules for handling over-constrained [=inset properties=]
+will resolve the contradiction.
+
+
+
 
 The ''anchor()'' Function {#anchor-pos}
 ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -415,7 +622,7 @@ The ''anchor()'' function has three arguments:
 
 			Note: These are only usable in the [=inset properties=]
 			in the matching axis.
-			For example, ''left'' is usable in 'left', 'right',
+			For example, ''anchor()/left'' is usable in 'left', 'right',
 			or the logical [=inset properties=] that refer to the horizontal axis.
 
 		: <dfn>start</dfn>
@@ -426,18 +633,18 @@ The ''anchor()'' function has three arguments:
 			in the same axis as the [=inset property=] it's used in,
 			by resolving the keyword against the [=writing mode=]
 			of either the positioned element
-			(for ''self-start'' and ''self-end'')
+			(for ''anchor()/self-start'' and ''anchor()/self-end'')
 			or the positioned element's containing block
-			(for ''start'' and ''end'').
+			(for ''anchor()/start'' and ''anchor()/end'').
 
 		: <dfn><<percentage>></dfn>
 		: <dfn>center</dfn>
 		:: Refers to a position
-			a corresponding percentage between the ''start'' and ''end'' sides,
-			with ''0%'' being equivalent to ''start''
-			and ''100%'' being equivalent to ''end''.
+			a corresponding percentage between the ''anchor()/start'' and ''anchor()/end'' sides,
+			with ''0%'' being equivalent to ''anchor()/start''
+			and ''100%'' being equivalent to ''anchor()/end''.
 
-			''center'' is equivalent to ''50%''.
+			''anchor()/center'' is equivalent to ''50%''.
 
 * the optional <<length-percentage>> final argument is a fallback value,
 	specifying what the function should resolve to
@@ -687,7 +894,7 @@ for non-''justify-self/auto'' alignment values.
 
 If the element is not [=absolutely positioned=],
 or does not have a [=default anchor element=],
-this value behaves as ''center''
+this value behaves as ''<self-position>/center''
 and has no additional effect on how [=inset properties=] resolve.
 
 Issue: Do we want to hook the "try to stay in the IMCB" behavior to safe vs unsafe?
@@ -784,7 +991,7 @@ only if all the following conditions are true:
 	on an [=absolutely-positioned=] element.
 * If its <<anchor-side>> specifies a physical keyword,
 	it's being used in an [=inset property=] in that axis.
-	(For example, ''left'' can only be used in 'left', 'right',
+	(For example, ''anchor()/left'' can only be used in 'left', 'right',
 	or a logical [=inset property=] in the horizontal axis.)
 * The result of determining the [=target anchor element=] is not nothing when
 	given the querying element as the element it's used on,