[CENNSO-2547] build: enable memory sanitizer in debug builds

[mogaika]

DO NOT MERGE UNTIL ISSUES DETECTED BY ASAIN FIXED IN DEPENDENCIES

• Bump image base to ubuntu:22.02 and components to clang-14 and go-1.23
• Make ccache opt-in for commands
• Enable memory sanitizer in debug builds -fsanitize=address
• Add hack for memory sanitizer to include c++ library as dependency for vpp binary. It will be loaded later by hyperscan by upg and will cause issue (AddressSanitizer CHECK failed: ../../../sanitizer/asan/asan_interceptors.cc:384 "((__interception::real___cxa_throw)) when using --as-needed and dynamically loaded .so google/sanitizers#934)
• Add patch for vpp to fix sanitizer stack size poisoning during task switch
• Remove obsolete components: indent and buildkit