Feat: Add Kirchhoff's Law Algorithm (KLA) implementation

[isil-ada]

📑 Description

This PR adds the Kirchhoff's Law Algorithm (KLA), a physics-inspired metaheuristic based on the 2025 paper "Kirchhoff's law algorithm (KLA): a novel physics-inspired non-parametric metaheuristic algorithm for optimization problems".

During implementation and testing against the CEC-2014 benchmark suite, I addressed critical numerical instability issues found in high-conditioned functions. This submission includes a Robust Version of KLA with the following stability improvements:

• Step Limiter: prevents "current explosion" and overshooting in steep gradients.
• Adaptive Decay: improves exploitation towards the end of iterations.
• Hybrid Topology: accelerates convergence by mixing random neighbor selection with global best tracking.

✅ Checks

• My pull request adheres to the code style of this project

• My code requires changes to the documentation

• I have updated the documentation as required

• All the tests have passed

ℹ Additional Information

Tested on CEC-2014. The robust implementation matches the original paper's results on multimodal functions (e.g., F5) and outperforms it on complex functions like F11, F12, and F23 while maintaining stability on unimodal problems.

Reference Paper: Ghasemi, M., et al. "Kirchhoff's law algorithm (KLA)..." Artificial Intelligence Review (2025).