Introduce a severity level when recording issues

Sources/Testing/Issues/Issue+Recording.swift

@@ -107,6 +107,34 @@ extension Issue {
     let issue = Issue(kind: .errorCaught(error), comments: Array(comment), sourceContext: sourceContext)
     return issue.record()
   }
+
+  /// Record a new issue when a running test unexpectedly catches an error.
+  ///
+  /// - Parameters:
+  ///   - error: The error that caused the issue.
+  ///   - comment: A comment describing the expectation.
+  ///   - sourceLocation: The source location to which the issue should be
+  ///     attributed.
+  ///   - severity: The severity of the issue.
+  ///
+  /// - Returns: The issue that was recorded.
+  ///
+  /// This function can be used if an unexpected error is caught while running a
+  /// test and it should be treated as a test failure. If an error is thrown
+  /// from a test function, it is automatically recorded as an issue and this
+  /// function does not need to be used.
+  @_spi(Experimental)
+  @discardableResult public static func record(
+    _ error: any Error,
+    _ comment: Comment? = nil,
+    sourceLocation: SourceLocation = #_sourceLocation,
+    severity: Severity = .error,
+  ) -> Self {
+    let backtrace = Backtrace(forFirstThrowOf: error) ?? Backtrace.current()
+    let sourceContext = SourceContext(backtrace: backtrace, sourceLocation: sourceLocation)
+    let issue = Issue(kind: .errorCaught(error), severity: severity, comments: Array(comment), sourceContext: sourceContext)
+    return issue.record()
+  }
 
   /// Catch any error thrown from a closure and record it as an issue instead of
   /// allowing it to propagate to the caller.