Optimise SSZ encoding and decoding

[michaelsproul]

Summary of changes

• Add unsafe fast path for decoding lists and vectors of u8
• Optimise generic decoding by using chunks_exact and an explicit loop instead of try_fold.

Benchmarks

fixed_vector/decode_u8_1m
                        time:   [18.182 µs 18.272 µs 18.372 µs]
                        change: [−99.716% −99.714% −99.711%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
fixed_vector/encode_u8_1m
                        time:   [944.36 µs 951.38 µs 956.95 µs]
                        change: [−4.5123% −3.9002% −3.3534%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
fixed_vector/decode_u64_128k
                        time:   [73.696 µs 73.893 µs 74.086 µs]
                        change: [−59.191% −59.108% −59.033%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 19 outliers among 100 measurements (19.00%)
  19 (19.00%) low mild
fixed_vector/encode_u64_128k
                        time:   [62.911 µs 62.956 µs 63.008 µs]
                        change: [−0.4140% −0.0405% +0.3166%] (p = 0.84 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 22 outliers among 100 measurements (22.00%)
  22 (22.00%) high severe

variable_list/decode_u8_1m
                        time:   [18.328 µs 18.342 µs 18.357 µs]
                        change: [−99.733% −99.733% −99.732%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 1 outliers among 100 measurements (1.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high severe
variable_list/encode_u8_1m
                        time:   [1.0898 ms 1.0904 ms 1.0910 ms]
                        change: [+6.4182% +6.5683% +6.6894%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has regressed.
variable_list/decode_u64_128k
                        time:   [72.604 µs 72.631 µs 72.660 µs]
                        change: [−57.304% −57.272% −57.241%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 1 outliers among 100 measurements (1.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
variable_list/encode_u64_128k
                        time:   [80.341 µs 80.351 µs 80.362 µs]
                        change: [+7.6504% +8.2800% +8.9044%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has regressed.
Found 11 outliers among 100 measurements (11.00%)
  1 (1.00%) low severe
  3 (3.00%) low mild
  6 (6.00%) high mild
  1 (1.00%) high severe

Additional Info

Depends on a new release of ethereum_ssz for:

• Faster uint decoding ethereum_ssz#55

Encoding is not meaningfully faster, but would need to be optimised in ssz itself (we need to optimise the Vec impl).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 60.00000% with 18 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 59.09%. Comparing base (3508fd1) to head (72b60cc).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/variable_list.rs	58.33%	10 Missing ⚠️
src/fixed_vector.rs	61.90%	8 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #55      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   58.92%   59.09%   +0.16%     
==========================================
  Files           8        9       +1     
  Lines         297      330      +33     
==========================================
+ Hits          175      195      +20     
- Misses        122      135      +13     

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[michaelsproul]

Unfortunately yes the bool case can trigger undefined behaviour. I've added a test in:

• 50e6061

Miri flags it as UB and the test also fails (we decode integers like 2 "successfully" as bools)

[michaelsproul]

Gonna try using Any again, which will be a breaking change.

[michaelsproul]

Ok nice, we didn't actually need an Any bound on the Decode impl, just a 'static bound. I think this is not too prohibitive, as variable lists of types containing references (i.e. non-'static) are rare. And by adding the bound only on Decode, we are just limiting users from decoding bytes into references, which doesn't really make sense anyway. E.g. doing VariableList::<&'a Struct, N>>::from_ssz_bytes(bytes) doesn't make any sense because there's nowhere for the Struct to be allocated where we can safely take a reference to it (it could be allocated on the stack, but this would violate Rust's borrowing rules).

[michaelsproul]

Updated the benchmark results in the OP, there are some slower benches for encoding, but I think this is just noise. We haven't changed the encoding codepath at all.