Machine learning examples

[sakchal]

This PR introduces a directory of common examples taken from the old high-level python library to serve as examples in the new high-level python API.

This PR introduces a new examples file including:
mnist_common.py
logistic_regression.py

Makes changes to files:
init.py - added lookup to the functions that's imported from the arrayfire library on initialization
array.py - added lookup to the list of visible functions

[roaffix]

This PR needs to be rebased on the current master state and mypy typings should be added

[sakchal]

There were mypy issues, but those were from files I haven't touched. Should I go in and fix those too?

[roaffix]

There were mypy issues, but those were from files I haven't touched. Should I go in and fix those too?

Could you please paste the screenshot or traceback of those errors?

[sakchal]

These were the mypy errors that failed the check:

arrayfire/array_object.py:90: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:91: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:108: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:119: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:741: error: Variable "arrayfire.array_object.IndexKey" is not valid as a type [valid-type] arrayfire/array_object.py:741: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#variables-vs-type-aliases arrayfire/array_object.py:765: error: IndexKey? has no attribute "arr" [attr-defined] arrayfire/array_object.py:783: error: Variable "arrayfire.array_object.IndexKey" is not valid as a type [valid-type] arrayfire/array_object.py:783: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#variables-vs-type-aliases arrayfire/array_object.py:790: error: IndexKey? has no attribute "arr" [attr-defined] arrayfire/array_object.py:790: note: Error code "attr-defined" not covered by "type: ignore" comment arrayfire/array_object.py:901: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:911: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:924: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int, ...]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:936: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:948: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int, ...]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:959: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | bool | complex | None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:965: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:993: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "Array[Any]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1033: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1037: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1041: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1045: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1049: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1053: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1057: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1061: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1065: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1069: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1073: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1077: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1081: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1085: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1089: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1093: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1097: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1100: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1103: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1[14](https://github.com/roaffix/arrayfire-py/actions/runs/8836675552/job/24263804453?pr=15#step:6:15)3: error: Variable "arrayfire.array_object.IndexKey" is not valid as a type [valid-type] arrayfire/array_object.py:1143: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#variables-vs-type-aliases arrayfire/array_object.py:1145: error: Value of type IndexKey? is not indexable [index] arrayfire/array_object.py:1188: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "str" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:237: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:239: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:291: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:293: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:379: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:449: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int | float | complex, int] | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:531: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:589: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int | float | complex, int] | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:647: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:[16](https://github.com/roaffix/arrayfire-py/actions/runs/8836675552/job/24263804453?pr=15#step:6:17): error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:43: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:48: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:63: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:80: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:120: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:125: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/random.py:101: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:81: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:208: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | tuple[Array, int]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:256: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:265: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "float" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:274: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/input_and_output.py:37: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/input_and_output.py:56: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/features.py:41: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_api/_data_type_functions.py:3[17](https://github.com/roaffix/arrayfire-py/actions/runs/8836675552/job/24263804453?pr=15#step:6:18): error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] examples/benchmarks/monte_carlo_pi.py:40: error: Overloaded function signature 3 will never be matched: signature 2's parameter type(s) are the same or broader [misc] Found 65 errors in 9 files (checked 65 source files)

[roaffix]

These were the mypy errors that failed the check:

arrayfire/array_object.py:90: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:91: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:108: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:119: error: Item "str" of "Any | str" has no attribute "typecode" [union-attr] arrayfire/array_object.py:741: error: Variable "arrayfire.array_object.IndexKey" is not valid as a type [valid-type] arrayfire/array_object.py:741: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#variables-vs-type-aliases arrayfire/array_object.py:765: error: IndexKey? has no attribute "arr" [attr-defined] arrayfire/array_object.py:783: error: Variable "arrayfire.array_object.IndexKey" is not valid as a type [valid-type] arrayfire/array_object.py:783: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#variables-vs-type-aliases arrayfire/array_object.py:790: error: IndexKey? has no attribute "arr" [attr-defined] arrayfire/array_object.py:790: note: Error code "attr-defined" not covered by "type: ignore" comment arrayfire/array_object.py:901: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:911: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:924: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int, ...]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:936: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:948: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int, ...]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:959: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | bool | complex | None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:965: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:993: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "Array[Any]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1033: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1037: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1041: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1045: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1049: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1053: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1057: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1061: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1065: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1069: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1073: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1077: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1081: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1085: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1089: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1093: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1097: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1100: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1103: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_object.py:1[14](https://github.com/roaffix/arrayfire-py/actions/runs/8836675552/job/24263804453?pr=15#step:6:15)3: error: Variable "arrayfire.array_object.IndexKey" is not valid as a type [valid-type] arrayfire/array_object.py:1143: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#variables-vs-type-aliases arrayfire/array_object.py:1145: error: Value of type IndexKey? is not indexable [index] arrayfire/array_object.py:1188: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "str" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:237: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:239: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:291: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:293: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:379: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:449: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int | float | complex, int] | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:531: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:589: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "tuple[int | float | complex, int] | tuple[Array, Array]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/vector_algorithms.py:647: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:[16](https://github.com/roaffix/arrayfire-py/actions/runs/8836675552/job/24263804453?pr=15#step:6:17): error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:43: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:48: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:63: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:80: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:120: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/statistics.py:125: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/random.py:101: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:81: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex | Array" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:208: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | tuple[Array, int]" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:256: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int | float | complex" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:265: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "float" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/linear_algebra.py:274: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/input_and_output.py:37: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/input_and_output.py:56: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "None" [no-any-return] arrayfire/library/features.py:41: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "int" [no-any-return] arrayfire/array_api/_data_type_functions.py:3[17](https://github.com/roaffix/arrayfire-py/actions/runs/8836675552/job/24263804453?pr=15#step:6:18): error: Returning Any from function declared to return "bool" [no-any-return] examples/benchmarks/monte_carlo_pi.py:40: error: Overloaded function signature 3 will never be matched: signature 2's parameter type(s) are the same or broader [misc] Found 65 errors in 9 files (checked 65 source files)

Is arrayfire-python-wrapper installed in your local environment?