Rust serialization benchmark

The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.

These benchmarks are a work in progress

These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.

Interactive site

Calculate the number of messages per second that can be sent/received with various rust serialization frameworks and compression libraries. Documentation

Format

All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):

• Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
• Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
• Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
• Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
• Zstd: the size of the buffer after zstd compression
• Zstd Time: the time taken to compress the serialized buffer with zstd

Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:

• Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
• Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
• Update: updates a buffer as structured data

Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.

Last updated: 2024-4-18 3:54:59

Runtime info

rustc version

rustc 1.77.0-nightly (11f32b73e 2024-01-31)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: 11f32b73e0dc9287e305b5b9980d24aecdc8c17f
commit-date: 2024-01-31
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.77.0-nightly
LLVM version: 17.0.6

CPU info

Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             4
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-3
Vendor ID:                          AuthenticAMD
Model name:                         AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
CPU family:                         25
Model:                              1
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 2
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
BogoMIPS:                           4890.86
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext invpcid_single vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
Virtualization:                     AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:                  Microsoft
Virtualization type:                full
L1d cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L1i cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L2 cache:                           1 MiB (2 instances)
L3 cache:                           32 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines, STIBP disabled, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Not affected

log

This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	407.61 µs	1.4903 ms*	1705800	520081	413351	6.9419 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	191.94 µs	†	1045784	454157	389424	6.3108 ms
bilrost 0.1006.0	787.73 µs* 752.29 µs*	3.1951 ms	874632	355446	311723	5.1147 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	214.90 µs	2.4428 ms	741295	303944	257153	4.0383 ms
bincode 1.3.3	525.09 µs	1.9796 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.9463 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	144.56 µs	1.4989 ms	703710	288826	229755	2.4572 ms
borsh 1.3.1	546.94 µs	2.2298 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5714 ms
bson 2.9.0	2.2724 ms	7.2171 ms	1924682	532821	376270	5.7411 ms
capnp 0.18.13	478.17 µs	†	1443216	513986	428649	6.9141 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	908.16 µs	4.7731 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.9673 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.8619 ms	10.233 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8462 ms
databuf 0.5.0	294.44 µs	2.0361 ms	765778	311715	264630	3.9041 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	804.23 µs	2.4246 ms	724953	301446	253629	3.5964 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	1.5601 ms	†	1276368	468539	388832	5.2393 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.2641 ms	2.5263 ms	764996	315291	264898	3.9925 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.5637 ms	3.9883 ms	818669	332556	285514	4.3784 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	258.19 µs	2.0650 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.7504 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	653.48 µs	2.2268 ms	765778	311743	264518	4.1748 ms
postcard 1.0.8	421.38 µs	2.1433 ms	724953	302399	253747	3.8590 ms
pot 3.0.0	2.2866 ms	6.4107 ms	971922	372513	304122	4.6771 ms
prost 0.12.4	1.0323 ms* 2.5788 ms*	3.4239 ms	884628	363130	315494	5.2404 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	222.07 µs	1.4560 ms* 1.9873 ms*	1011488	383862	333545	5.1321 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	1.3115 ms	3.4827 ms	784997	325384	278219	4.1631 ms
ron 0.8.1	14.459 ms	17.194 ms	1607459	449158	349713	5.7784 ms
savefile 0.16.5	200.77 µs	2.0941 ms	1045800	373139	311755	4.7033 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	669.63 µs	2.0799 ms	765778	311715	264630	3.9824 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.9229 ms	5.3767 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.9194 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	4.1078 ms	5.8184 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6802 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	2.0581 ms	4.7017 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6607 ms
speedy 0.8.7	199.15 µs	1.7563 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.6220 ms
wiring 0.1.6	912.89 µs	5.6293 ms	1045784	337930	276188	4.1433 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	22.840 µs*	40.871 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8554 ns*	24.845 µs*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	74.572 ns*	163.27 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4750 ns* 1.8224 ms*	55.587 µs* 1.8745 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2370 ns* 525.10 µs*	10.677 µs* 535.32 µs*	9.9453 µs

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	35.47%	97.70%*	41.25%	55.53%	55.58%	35.40%
alkahest 0.1.5	75.32%	†	67.29%	63.60%	59.00%	38.94%
bilrost 0.1006.0	18.35%* 19.22%*	45.57%	80.46%	81.26%	73.70%	48.04%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	67.27%	59.60%	94.93%	95.03%	89.35%	60.85%
bincode 1.3.3	27.53%	73.55%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	49.68%
bitcode 0.6.0	100.00%	97.14%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.3.1	26.43%	65.30%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	53.75%
bson 2.9.0	6.36%	20.17%	36.56%	54.21%	61.06%	42.80%
capnp 0.18.13	30.23%	†	48.76%	56.19%	53.60%	35.54%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	15.92%	30.50%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	49.47%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.74%	14.23%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.70%
databuf 0.5.0	49.10%	71.51%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	62.94%
dlhn 0.1.6	17.97%	60.05%	97.07%	95.81%	90.59%	68.32%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	9.27%	†	55.13%	61.64%	59.09%	46.90%
msgpacker 0.4.3	11.44%	57.63%	91.99%	91.61%	86.73%	61.55%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.60%	36.51%	85.96%	86.85%	80.47%	56.12%
nanoserde 0.1.37	55.99%	70.51%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	51.73%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	22.12%	65.39%	91.89%	92.65%	86.86%	58.86%
postcard 1.0.8	34.31%	67.93%	97.07%	95.51%	90.54%	63.67%
pot 3.0.0	6.32%	22.71%	72.40%	77.53%	75.55%	52.54%
prost 0.12.4	14.00%* 5.61%*	42.52%	79.55%	79.54%	72.82%	46.89%
rkyv 0.7.44	65.10%	100.00%* 73.27%*	69.57%	75.24%	68.88%	47.88%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	11.02%	41.81%	89.64%	88.76%	82.58%	59.02%
ron 0.8.1	1.00%	8.47%	43.78%	64.30%	65.70%	42.52%
savefile 0.16.5	72.00%	69.53%	67.29%	77.40%	73.70%	52.24%
serde_bare 0.5.0	21.59%	70.00%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	61.70%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.52%	27.08%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	49.95%
serde_json 1.0.115	3.52%	25.02%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.26%
simd-json 0.13.9	7.02%	30.97%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.41%
speedy 0.8.7	72.59%	82.90%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	53.16%
wiring 0.1.6	15.84%	25.86%	67.29%	85.47%	83.19%	59.31%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	0.01%*	26.12%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	66.67%*	42.97%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.66%*	6.54%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	49.98%* 0.00%*	19.21%* 0.57%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 1.99%*	100.00%

mesh

This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	311.67 µs	277.09 µs*	6000024	5378513	5345890	8.6462 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	202.58 µs	†	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.6623 ms
bilrost 0.1006.0	6.6278 ms* 8.3466 ms*	10.238 ms	8625005	6443961	6231572	71.096 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	430.04 µs	825.16 µs	6000005	5378497	5345897	7.5997 ms
bincode 1.3.3	5.0420 ms	4.1229 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.5986 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	1.4151 ms	618.61 µs	6000006	5182295	4923880	12.919 ms
borsh 1.3.1	6.0485 ms	4.1728 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.5450 ms
bson 2.9.0	46.654 ms	82.260 ms	23013911	9212089	7497811	112.90 ms
capnp 0.18.13	6.6955 ms	†	14000088	7130367	6051062	81.804 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	10.402 ms	47.407 ms	13125016	7524114	6757967	90.832 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	65.709 ms	100.62 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	90.755 ms
databuf 0.5.0	2.3960 ms	5.2972 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.5910 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	7.5806 ms	5.7256 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.5276 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	676.40 µs	†	6000024	5378434	5345910	7.6807 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	19.480 ms	8.5883 ms	7500005	6058442	6014337	10.274 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	128.35 ms	27.172 ms	8125037	6493484	6386940	75.895 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.2088 ms	901.99 µs	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.5397 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	5.0899 ms	4.0317 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.9453 ms
postcard 1.0.8	491.64 µs	1.0926 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.9533 ms
pot 3.0.0	38.460 ms	74.672 ms	10122342	6814618	6852251	80.013 ms
prost 0.12.4	8.0583 ms* 9.0972 ms*	13.345 ms	8750000	6665735	6421871	72.483 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	206.48 µs	203.51 µs* 198.57 µs*	6000008	5378500	5345892	7.8564 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	13.466 ms	18.776 ms	8125006	6494876	6391037	70.831 ms
ron 0.8.1	174.10 ms	260.00 ms	22192885	8970395	8138755	150.86 ms
savefile 0.16.5	259.85 µs	259.41 µs	6000024	5378518	5345893	7.6081 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	6.2079 ms	4.1075 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.6274 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	36.000 ms	43.425 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	95.016 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	87.601 ms	88.575 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	156.79 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	53.849 ms	74.393 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	166.77 ms
speedy 0.8.7	258.38 µs	258.24 µs	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.6430 ms
wiring 0.1.6	9.0387 ms	17.865 ms	6000008	5378952	5345894	7.6130 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	2.1654 ns*	142.00 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8553 ns*	77.341 µs*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	116.89 ns*	2.1407 ms*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4725 ns* 37.909 ns*	54.144 µs* 77.391 µs*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2380 ns* 13.623 ns*	48.392 µs* 38.727 µs*	109.02 µs

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	65.00%	71.66%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	87.06%
alkahest 0.1.5	100.00%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.24%
bilrost 0.1006.0	3.06%* 2.43%*	1.94%	69.57%	80.42%	79.02%	10.59%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	47.11%	24.06%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.05%
bincode 1.3.3	4.02%	4.82%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.07%
bitcode 0.6.0	14.32%	32.10%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	58.27%
borsh 1.3.1	3.35%	4.76%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.77%
bson 2.9.0	0.43%	0.24%	26.07%	56.26%	65.67%	6.67%
capnp 0.18.13	3.03%	†	42.86%	72.68%	81.37%	9.20%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	1.95%	0.42%	45.71%	68.88%	72.86%	8.29%
ciborium 0.2.2	0.31%	0.20%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.29%
databuf 0.5.0	8.45%	3.75%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.16%
dlhn 0.1.6	2.67%	3.47%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	100.00%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	29.95%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.01%
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.04%	2.31%	80.00%	85.54%	81.87%	73.27%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	0.16%	0.73%	73.85%	79.81%	77.09%	9.92%
nanoserde 0.1.37	16.76%	22.01%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.84%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	3.98%	4.93%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	94.74%
postcard 1.0.8	41.20%	18.17%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	94.65%
pot 3.0.0	0.53%	0.27%	59.27%	76.05%	71.86%	9.41%
prost 0.12.4	2.51%* 2.23%*	1.49%	68.57%	77.75%	76.67%	10.39%
rkyv 0.7.44	98.11%	97.57%* 100.00%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	95.81%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	1.50%	1.06%	73.85%	79.79%	77.04%	10.63%
ron 0.8.1	0.12%	0.08%	27.04%	57.77%	60.50%	4.99%
savefile 0.16.5	77.96%	76.55%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.94%
serde_bare 0.5.0	3.26%	4.83%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.69%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	0.56%	0.46%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	7.92%
serde_json 1.0.115	0.23%	0.22%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.80%
simd-json 0.13.9	0.38%	0.27%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.51%
speedy 0.8.7	78.40%	76.89%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.49%
wiring 0.1.6	2.24%	1.11%	100.00%	96.34%	92.11%	98.88%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	57.17%*	27.27%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	66.73%*	50.07%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.06%*	1.81%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	50.07%* 3.27%*	71.53%* 50.04%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 9.09%*	80.03%* 100.00%*	100.00%

minecraft_savedata

This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	192.40 µs	1.3244 ms*	1290592	396689	340193	5.2959 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	220.63 µs	†	667570	325484	320452	4.1851 ms
bilrost 0.1006.0	937.93 µs* 924.23 µs*	3.1427 ms	489348	281173	249546	3.2054 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	281.46 µs	2.0787 ms	367413	221291	206273	2.6644 ms
bincode 1.3.3	575.41 µs	1.8064 ms	569975	240525	232423	3.0593 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	132.96 µs	1.2690 ms	327688	200947	182736	764.69 µs
borsh 1.3.1	557.22 µs	1.8522 ms	446595	234236	210008	2.6464 ms
bson 2.9.0	3.0000 ms	8.3537 ms	1619653	502185	328399	5.0063 ms
capnp 0.18.13	463.34 µs	†	803896	335606	280851	4.0860 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	795.60 µs	4.7781 ms	1109831	344745	274514	4.0458 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.6672 ms	9.7676 ms	1109821	344751	274526	4.0494 ms
databuf 0.5.0	291.22 µs	1.7569 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.5366 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	813.96 µs	2.5663 ms	366496	220600	205683	2.6419 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	3.3299 ms	†	844168	345696	294015	4.0353 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.0040 ms	2.8094 ms	391251	236877	220476	2.8182 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.2562 ms	3.8626 ms	449745	252432	231110	2.9674 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	268.64 µs	1.8788 ms	567975	239930	232419	2.8828 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	651.32 µs	1.9975 ms	356311	212976	198524	2.4485 ms
postcard 1.0.8	430.26 µs	1.9891 ms	367489	221913	207344	2.5014 ms
pot 3.0.0	2.3233 ms	6.0386 ms	599125	299158	247693	3.3984 ms
prost 0.12.4	1.3238 ms* 3.0119 ms*	3.6022 ms	596811	305319	269310	3.5129 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	296.49 µs	1.2625 ms* 1.7789 ms*	596952	253967	220706	2.7408 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	1.3022 ms	3.0022 ms	424533	245214	226188	2.7203 ms
ron 0.8.1	8.6576 ms	17.944 ms	1465223	434935	343338	6.2973 ms
savefile 0.16.5	219.54 µs	1.8577 ms	566991	239361	232010	2.8797 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	735.84 µs	2.2123 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.5740 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.7619 ms	4.8047 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8605 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	4.0073 ms	6.7827 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0768 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	2.1981 ms	5.0991 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.1348 ms
speedy 0.8.7	278.99 µs	1.6503 ms	449595	234970	210361	2.4972 ms
wiring 0.1.6	970.17 µs	4.8778 ms	566975	247810	225259	2.9626 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	39.435 µs*	37.684 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8582 ns*	4.6131 µs*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	74.643 ns*	431.53 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4731 ns* 1.8248 ms*	1.4909 µs* 1.8306 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2372 ns* 521.15 µs*	239.38 ns* 521.18 µs*	851.25 ns

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	69.11%	95.33%*	25.39%	50.66%	53.72%	14.44%
alkahest 0.1.5	60.26%	†	49.09%	61.74%	57.02%	18.27%
bilrost 0.1006.0	14.18%* 14.39%*	40.17%	66.96%	71.47%	73.23%	23.86%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	47.24%	60.74%	89.19%	90.81%	88.59%	28.70%
bincode 1.3.3	23.11%	69.89%	57.49%	83.55%	78.62%	25.00%
bitcode 0.6.0	100.00%	99.49%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.3.1	23.86%	68.16%	73.37%	85.79%	87.01%	28.90%
bson 2.9.0	4.43%	15.11%	20.23%	40.01%	55.64%	15.27%
capnp 0.18.13	28.70%	†	40.76%	59.88%	65.07%	18.71%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	16.71%	26.42%	29.53%	58.29%	66.57%	18.90%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.63%	12.93%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	18.88%
databuf 0.5.0	45.66%	71.86%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	30.15%
dlhn 0.1.6	16.33%	49.20%	89.41%	91.09%	88.84%	28.94%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	3.99%	†	38.82%	58.13%	62.15%	18.95%
msgpacker 0.4.3	13.24%	44.94%	83.75%	84.83%	82.88%	27.13%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.53%	32.69%	72.86%	79.60%	79.07%	25.77%
nanoserde 0.1.37	49.49%	67.20%	57.69%	83.75%	78.62%	26.53%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	20.41%	63.20%	91.97%	94.35%	92.05%	31.23%
postcard 1.0.8	30.90%	63.47%	89.17%	90.55%	88.13%	30.57%
pot 3.0.0	5.72%	20.91%	54.69%	67.17%	73.78%	22.50%
prost 0.12.4	10.04%* 4.41%*	35.05%	54.91%	65.82%	67.85%	21.77%
rkyv 0.7.44	44.84%	100.00%* 70.97%*	54.89%	79.12%	82.80%	27.90%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	10.21%	42.05%	77.19%	81.95%	80.79%	28.11%
ron 0.8.1	1.54%	7.04%	22.36%	46.20%	53.22%	12.14%
savefile 0.16.5	60.56%	67.96%	57.79%	83.95%	78.76%	26.55%
serde_bare 0.5.0	18.07%	57.07%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	29.71%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.55%	26.28%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.81%
serde_json 1.0.115	3.32%	18.61%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.58%
simd-json 0.13.9	6.05%	24.76%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.46%
speedy 0.8.7	47.66%	76.50%	72.89%	85.52%	86.87%	30.62%
wiring 0.1.6	13.70%	25.88%	57.80%	81.09%	81.12%	25.81%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	0.00%*	0.64%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	66.58%*	5.19%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.66%*	55.47%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	50.03%* 0.00%*	16.06%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.05%*	100.00%

mk48

This data set is composed of mk48.io game updates that contain data with many exploitable patterns and invariants.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	491.62 µs	2.3307 ms*	2984682	1408301	1273840	14.367 ms
alkahest 0.1.5	721.18 µs	†	1863391	1234113	1202345	11.478 ms
bilrost 0.1006.0	4.9662 ms* 2.7386 ms*	8.6021 ms	1664428	1264167	1216472	11.213 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	702.79 µs	3.7034 ms	1372381	1091486	1037296	9.7738 ms
bincode 1.3.3	3.8167 ms	4.0619 ms	1811011	1115281	1025627	9.9218 ms
bitcode 0.6.0	708.43 µs	2.3160 ms	948499	857321	837658	3.0749 ms
borsh 1.3.1	2.8767 ms	2.8910 ms	1486162	1082357	1013550	9.7133 ms
bson 2.9.0	22.032 ms	46.149 ms	10030880	2833079	1600859	27.435 ms
capnp 0.18.13	2.3302 ms	†	2664040	1511895	1212087	14.123 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.2	4.2980 ms	17.474 ms	5878791	1655835	1431390	20.896 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	22.924 ms	47.633 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	20.710 ms
databuf 0.5.0	1.3469 ms	3.5778 ms	1288257	1037579	984337	8.5170 ms
dlhn 0.1.6	5.1515 ms	7.0511 ms	1279599	1052061	1021161	8.2672 ms
flatbuffers 23.5.26	5.2514 ms	†	2273740	1408408	1235566	12.801 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.9246 ms	4.5513 ms	1424043	1128758	1110156	9.4028 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	31.031 ms	15.504 ms	1728519	1247642	1233323	11.810 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.2919 ms	2.8857 ms	1770477	1108304	1029947	9.8679 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	3.0944 ms	2.9941 ms	1288257	1039269	986510	8.4514 ms
postcard 1.0.8	1.8067 ms	3.9379 ms	1279599	1058243	1016738	8.3460 ms
pot 3.0.0	13.385 ms	31.091 ms	2544810	1447453	1268390	15.250 ms
prost 0.12.4	5.8440 ms* 9.9167 ms*	9.6306 ms	1818378	1307777	1266311	11.482 ms
rkyv 0.7.44	1.0988 ms	2.1672 ms* 2.8020 ms*	2029080	1335117	1158855	12.100 ms
rmp-serde 1.1.2	8.4525 ms	12.126 ms	1703813	1231892	1200208	11.058 ms
ron 0.8.1	37.976 ms	102.23 ms	8476284	2181196	1783971	33.326 ms
savefile 0.16.5	1.0211 ms	2.6523 ms	1750226	1101682	1027827	9.8367 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	4.8979 ms	4.4312 ms	1288257	1037597	984356	8.6210 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	9.4296 ms	21.499 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	20.865 ms
serde_json 1.0.115	22.502 ms	29.866 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	33.570 ms
simd-json 0.13.9	11.592 ms	26.138 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	34.963 ms
speedy 0.8.7	713.08 µs	2.5048 ms	1546963	1093532	1013443	9.7084 ms
wiring 0.1.6	4.4631 ms	7.8874 ms	1750210	1129857	1058906	10.172 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	65.731 µs*	66.741 µs*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	1.8556 ns*	626.58 ns*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	74.736 ns*	1.0142 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	2.4738 ns* 3.8456 ms*	2.7109 µs* 3.8456 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	1.2371 ns* 619.50 µs*	356.69 ns* 621.92 µs*	502.04 ns

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
abomonation 0.7.3	100.00%	92.98%*	31.78%	60.88%	65.76%	21.40%
alkahest 0.1.5	68.17%	†	50.90%	69.47%	69.67%	26.79%
bilrost 0.1006.0	9.90%* 17.95%*	25.19%	56.99%	67.82%	68.86%	27.42%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	69.95%	58.52%	69.11%	78.55%	80.75%	31.46%
bincode 1.3.3	12.88%	53.35%	52.37%	76.87%	81.67%	30.99%
bitcode 0.6.0	69.40%	93.58%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.3.1	17.09%	74.96%	63.82%	79.21%	82.65%	31.66%
bson 2.9.0	2.23%	4.70%	9.46%	30.26%	52.33%	11.21%
capnp 0.18.13	21.10%	†	35.60%	56.71%	69.11%	21.77%
cbor4ii 0.3.2	11.44%	12.40%	16.13%	51.78%	58.52%	14.72%
ciborium 0.2.2	2.14%	4.55%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.85%
databuf 0.5.0	36.50%	60.57%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	36.10%
dlhn 0.1.6	9.54%	30.74%	74.12%	81.49%	82.03%	37.19%
flatbuffers 23.5.26	9.36%	†	41.72%	60.87%	67.80%	24.02%
msgpacker 0.4.3	25.54%	47.62%	66.61%	75.95%	75.45%	32.70%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	1.58%	13.98%	54.87%	68.72%	67.92%	26.04%
nanoserde 0.1.37	38.05%	75.10%	53.57%	77.35%	81.33%	31.16%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.9	15.89%	72.38%	73.63%	82.49%	84.91%	36.38%
postcard 1.0.8	27.21%	55.03%	74.12%	81.01%	82.39%	36.84%
pot 3.0.0	3.67%	6.97%	37.27%	59.23%	66.04%	20.16%
prost 0.12.4	8.41%* 4.96%*	22.50%	52.16%	65.56%	66.15%	26.78%
rkyv 0.7.44	44.74%	100.00%* 77.34%*	46.75%	64.21%	72.28%	25.41%
rmp-serde 1.1.2	5.82%	17.87%	55.67%	69.59%	69.79%	27.81%
ron 0.8.1	1.29%	2.12%	11.19%	39.31%	46.95%	9.23%
savefile 0.16.5	48.15%	81.71%	54.19%	77.82%	81.50%	31.26%
serde_bare 0.5.0	10.04%	48.91%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	35.67%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	5.21%	10.08%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.74%
serde_json 1.0.115	2.18%	7.26%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	9.16%
simd-json 0.13.9	4.24%	8.29%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	8.79%
speedy 0.8.7	68.94%	86.52%	61.31%	78.40%	82.65%	31.67%
wiring 0.1.6	11.02%	27.48%	54.19%	75.88%	79.11%	30.23%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
abomonation 0.7.3	0.00%*	0.53%*	‡
alkahest 0.1.5	66.67%*	56.93%*	‡
capnp 0.18.13	1.66%*	35.17%*	‡
flatbuffers 23.5.26	50.01%* 0.00%*	13.16%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.7.44	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.06%*	100.00%

Footnotes:

* mouse over for situational details

† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own

‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)