Fix #5660: Ensure mobile-install works

[BenHenning]

Explanation

Fixes #5660

I've verified with local testing that bazel mobile-install works with the APK generated for each AAB target (it ends in _binary, e.g. oppia_dev_binary). Thus, documentation has been updated to recommend this as the main way to install the local development version of the app as mobile-install provides substantial performance benefits (see https://bazel.build/docs/mobile-install).

The install_* targets (e.g. install_oppia_dev) have been removed since mobile-install should be used, instead. The existing Starlark rule & macro has been repurposed to generating a universal APK which, in turn, will be useful for specific situations where mobile-install breaks down or is not used (such as for emulator tests).

Essential Checklist

• The PR title and explanation each start with "Fix #bugnum: " (If this PR fixes part of an issue, prefix the title with "Fix part of #bugnum: ...".)
• Any changes to scripts/assets files have their rationale included in the PR explanation.
• The PR follows the style guide.
• The PR does not contain any unnecessary code changes from Android Studio (reference).
• The PR is made from a branch that's not called "develop" and is up-to-date with "develop".
• The PR is assigned to the appropriate reviewers (reference).

For UI-specific PRs only

N/A -- this changes nothing about the build of the app, only installation pathways.

[BenHenning]

Self-reviewed.

[BenHenning]

PTAL @adhiamboperes.

[github-actions]

Coverage Report

Results

Coverage Analysis: SKIP ⏭️

This PR did not introduce any changes to Kotlin source or test files.

To learn more, visit the Oppia Android Code Coverage wiki page

[github-actions]

APK & AAB differences analysis

Note that this is a summarized snapshot. See the CI artifacts for detailed differences.

Dev

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 19 MiB (old), 19 MiB (new), 4 bytes (Removed)

APK download size (estimated): 17 MiB (old), 17 MiB (new), 6 bytes (Added)

Method count: 260263 (old), 260263 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 6820 (old), 6820 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 43 (old), 43 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 26 (old), 26 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 15 (old), 15 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 922 (old), 922 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 9 (old), 9 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 967 (old), 967 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 1048 (old), 1048 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 380 (old), 380 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1276 (old), 1276 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 37 (old), 37 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 380 (old), 380 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 3 (old), 3 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• Raw: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 853 (old), 853 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 831 (old), 831 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 18 MiB (old), 18 MiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 17 MiB (old), 17 MiB (new), 1 bytes (Removed)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 18 KiB (old), 18 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 49 KiB (old), 49 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 14 KiB (old), 14 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 45 KiB (old), 45 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 14 KiB (old), 14 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 86 KiB (old), 86 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 29 KiB (old), 29 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 57 KiB (old), 57 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 21 KiB (old), 21 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 63 KiB (old), 63 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 29 KiB (old), 29 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 63 KiB (old), 63 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Alpha

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 2 bytes (Removed)

Method count: 115793 (old), 115793 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 5788 (old), 5788 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 33 (old), 33 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 24 (old), 24 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 14 (old), 14 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 888 (old), 888 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 8 (old), 8 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 820 (old), 820 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 780 (old), 780 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 342 (old), 342 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1222 (old), 1222 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 32 (old), 32 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 343 (old), 343 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 786 (old), 786 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 472 (old), 472 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 14 bytes (Removed)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 43 KiB (old), 43 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 17 KiB (old), 17 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 44 KiB (old), 44 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 38 KiB (old), 38 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 73 KiB (old), 73 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 20 KiB (old), 20 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Beta

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 28 bytes (Added)

Method count: 115799 (old), 115799 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 5788 (old), 5788 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 33 (old), 33 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 24 (old), 24 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 14 (old), 14 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 888 (old), 888 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 8 (old), 8 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 820 (old), 820 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 780 (old), 780 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 342 (old), 342 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1222 (old), 1222 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 32 (old), 32 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 343 (old), 343 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 786 (old), 786 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 472 (old), 472 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 9 MiB (old), 9 MiB (new), 5 bytes (Removed)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 43 KiB (old), 43 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 17 KiB (old), 17 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 44 KiB (old), 44 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 38 KiB (old), 38 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 73 KiB (old), 73 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 20 KiB (old), 20 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Ga

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 8 bytes (Added)

Method count: 115799 (old), 115799 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 5788 (old), 5788 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 33 (old), 33 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 24 (old), 24 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 14 (old), 14 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 888 (old), 888 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 8 (old), 8 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 820 (old), 820 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 780 (old), 780 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 342 (old), 342 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1222 (old), 1222 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 32 (old), 32 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 343 (old), 343 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 786 (old), 786 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 472 (old), 472 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 4 bytes (Added)
APK download size (estimated): 9 MiB (old), 9 MiB (new), 8 bytes (Added)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 43 KiB (old), 43 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 17 KiB (old), 17 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 44 KiB (old), 44 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 38 KiB (old), 38 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 73 KiB (old), 73 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 20 KiB (old), 20 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

[adhiamboperes]

Thanks @BenHenning! I have a few comments. PTAL.

[Rd4dev]

@BenHenning, @adhiamboperes,

Just wanted to request testing for compatibility with Windows regarding the mobile-install. Earlier, I tested it on Windows, and the app crashed immediately after installation when using mobile-install,

when installed with bazel mobile-install //:oppia_dev_binary

screen-20250126-194259.mp4

while it worked fine when installed via //:install_oppia_dev (as mentioned in the CLaM chat thread).

I’ve recently switched to Linux, and bazel mobile-install //:oppia_dev_binary works well here, so I’m just seeking clarity on whether the post-PR merge would still allow Windows developers to install it successfully, since the //:install_oppia_dev would no longer be available, or if the PR merge would address this issue.

It might be something just with my Windows setup, so thought would add it to the discussion to see if any other Windows users face the same.

[oppiabot]

Hi @BenHenning, I'm going to mark this PR as stale because it hasn't had any updates for 7 days. If no further activity occurs within 7 days, it will be automatically closed so that others can take up the issue.
If you are still working on this PR, please make a follow-up commit within 3 days (and submit it for review, if applicable). Please also let us know if you are stuck so we can help you!

[adhiamboperes]

@BenHenning, @adhiamboperes,

Just wanted to request testing for compatibility with Windows regarding the mobile-install. Earlier, I tested it on Windows, and the app crashed immediately after installation when using mobile-install,

when installed with bazel mobile-install //:oppia_dev_binary

screen-20250126-194259.mp4
while it worked fine when installed via //:install_oppia_dev (as mentioned in the CLaM chat thread).

I’ve recently switched to Linux, and bazel mobile-install //:oppia_dev_binary works well here, so I’m just seeking clarity on whether the post-PR merge would still allow Windows developers to install it successfully, since the //:install_oppia_dev would no longer be available, or if the PR merge would address this issue.

It might be something just with my Windows setup, so thought would add it to the discussion to see if any other Windows users face the same.

Thanks for flagging this @Rd4dev, I tested this bazel mobile-install //:oppia_dev_binary on my Mac, and recorded the stacktrace:

FATAL EXCEPTION: main        
 Process: org.oppia.android, PID: 9508
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate application com.google.devtools.build.android.incrementaldeployment.StubApplication package org.oppia.android: java.lang.SecurityException: Writable dex file '/data/local/tmp/incrementaldeployment/org.oppia.android/dex/incremental_classes4.dex' is not allowed.
     at android.app.LoadedApk.makeApplicationInner(LoadedApk.java:1466)
     at android.app.LoadedApk.makeApplicationInner(LoadedApk.java:1395)
     at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:6959)
     at android.app.ActivityThread.-$$Nest$mhandleBindApplication(Unknown Source:0)
     at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2236)
     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
     at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:205)
     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:294)
     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:8177)
     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
     at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:552)
     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:971)
    Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Writable dex file '/data/local/tmp/incrementaldeployment/org.oppia.android/dex/incremental_classes4.dex' is not allowed.

This only occured when I used an API 34 emulator. The app works fine when built on API 29. I encountered this error during my initial setup(#5643)

[BenHenning]

Thanks @Rd4dev and @adhiamboperes, this is really helpful.

@Rd4dev per Adhiambo's comment, which SDK version were you installing to, and are you using WSL2 or building with native Windows? (I'm assuming WSL2 since native Windows builds still do not work for me).

Also, it is the intent that we maintain current support for all three platforms, so I won't submit this PR until we can confirm it working in at least the places we know it works today with the install script.

[BenHenning]

Updated to latest develop & addressed comments. PTAL @adhiamboperes.

Regarding the failure, if you were using an SDK 34 device also @Rd4dev then it seems very likely both you and @adhiamboperes ran into bazelbuild/bazel#20456. I'm not actually sure what we should do here. I lean toward continuing with this PR even though it means SDK 34+ devices can't use mobile-install. We also have the option to use adb install for those, and we can add a caveat to the wiki accordingly until we migrate to the Starlark rules_android (which I've attempted to do a few weekends ago--it's not an easy change). WDYT?

[BenHenning]

Self-reviewed changes & followed up to reviewer comments.

[Rd4dev]

@BenHenning, it seems my handset was running API 14, and after testing with a Linux setup on SDK 34 emulator, the app crashed with the same stack trace @adhiamboperes recorded. Most solutions for the API 14 behavior issue suggested making the DEX files read-only, which I believe was addressed in the bazel incremental script, though I wasn’t sure if that's possible or how to implement that directly in the codebase. Adding ADB support seems reasonable for SDK 34+ and production builds.

Separately, since the setup now uses mobile-install, would it be helpful to include the optional --start_app flag in the wiki documentation for development?

[adhiamboperes]

LGTM, thanks @BenHenning.

[oppiabot]

Unassigning @adhiamboperes since they have already approved the PR.

[oppiabot]

Hi @BenHenning, this PR is ready to be merged. Please address any remaining comments prior to merging, and feel free to merge this PR once the CI checks pass and you're happy with it. Thanks!

[adhiamboperes]

Updated to latest develop & addressed comments. PTAL @adhiamboperes.

Regarding the failure, if you were using an SDK 34 device also @Rd4dev then it seems very likely both you and @adhiamboperes ran into bazelbuild/bazel#20456. I'm not actually sure what we should do here. I lean toward continuing with this PR even though it means SDK 34+ devices can't use mobile-install. We also have the option to use adb install for those, and we can add a caveat to the wiki accordingly until we migrate to the Starlark rules_android (which I've attempted to do a few weekends ago--it's not an easy change). WDYT?

@BenHenning, since this is not a permanent issue, and would be eliminated in future upgrades of Bazel(8+), or migrating to the Starlark rules_android, I am fine with accepting this PR with documented restrictions.

[github-actions]

APK & AAB differences analysis

Note that this is a summarized snapshot. See the CI artifacts for detailed differences.

Dev

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 19 MiB (old), 19 MiB (new), 92 bytes (Added)

APK download size (estimated): 17 MiB (old), 17 MiB (new), 166 bytes (Added)

Method count: 260321 (old), 260321 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 6830 (old), 6830 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 43 (old), 43 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 26 (old), 26 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 15 (old), 15 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 922 (old), 922 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 9 (old), 9 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 967 (old), 967 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 1048 (old), 1048 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 380 (old), 380 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1285 (old), 1285 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 37 (old), 37 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 380 (old), 380 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 3 (old), 3 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• Raw: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 853 (old), 853 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 832 (old), 832 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 18 MiB (old), 18 MiB (new), 92 bytes (Added)
APK download size (estimated): 17 MiB (old), 17 MiB (new), 572 bytes (Added)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 18 KiB (old), 18 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 49 KiB (old), 49 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 14 KiB (old), 14 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 45 KiB (old), 45 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 14 KiB (old), 14 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 86 KiB (old), 86 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 29 KiB (old), 29 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 57 KiB (old), 57 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 21 KiB (old), 21 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 63 KiB (old), 63 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 29 KiB (old), 29 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 63 KiB (old), 63 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Alpha

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 48 bytes (Added)

APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 607 bytes (Added)

Method count: 115840 (old), 115840 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 5798 (old), 5798 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 33 (old), 33 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 24 (old), 24 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 14 (old), 14 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 888 (old), 888 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 8 (old), 8 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 820 (old), 820 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 780 (old), 780 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 342 (old), 342 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1231 (old), 1231 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 32 (old), 32 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 343 (old), 343 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 786 (old), 786 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 473 (old), 473 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 52 bytes (Added)
APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 43 KiB (old), 43 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 17 KiB (old), 17 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 44 KiB (old), 44 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 38 KiB (old), 38 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 73 KiB (old), 73 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 20 KiB (old), 20 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Beta

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 28 bytes (Added)

APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 190 bytes (Removed)

Method count: 115846 (old), 115846 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 5798 (old), 5798 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 33 (old), 33 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 24 (old), 24 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 14 (old), 14 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 888 (old), 888 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 8 (old), 8 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 820 (old), 820 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 780 (old), 780 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 342 (old), 342 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1231 (old), 1231 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 32 (old), 32 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 343 (old), 343 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 786 (old), 786 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 473 (old), 473 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 32 bytes (Added)
APK download size (estimated): 9 MiB (old), 9 MiB (new), 182 bytes (Removed)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 43 KiB (old), 43 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 17 KiB (old), 17 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 44 KiB (old), 44 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 38 KiB (old), 38 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 73 KiB (old), 73 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 20 KiB (old), 20 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Ga

Expand to see flavor specifics

Universal APK

APK file size: 11 MiB (old), 11 MiB (new), 36 bytes (Added)

APK download size (estimated): 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 843 bytes (Removed)

Method count: 115846 (old), 115846 (new), 0 (No change)

Features: 2 (old), 2 (new), 0 (No change)

Permissions: 6 (old), 6 (new), 0 (No change)

Resources: 5798 (old), 5798 (new), 0 (No change)

• Anim: 33 (old), 33 (new), 0 (No change)
• Animator: 24 (old), 24 (new), 0 (No change)
• Array: 14 (old), 14 (new), 0 (No change)
• Attr: 888 (old), 888 (new), 0 (No change)
• Bool: 8 (old), 8 (new), 0 (No change)
• Color: 820 (old), 820 (new), 0 (No change)
• Dimen: 780 (old), 780 (new), 0 (No change)
• Drawable: 342 (old), 342 (new), 0 (No change)
• Id: 1231 (old), 1231 (new), 0 (No change)
• Integer: 32 (old), 32 (new), 0 (No change)
• Interpolator: 11 (old), 11 (new), 0 (No change)
• Layout: 343 (old), 343 (new), 0 (No change)
• Menu: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Mipmap: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)
• Plurals: 10 (old), 10 (new), 0 (No change)
• String: 786 (old), 786 (new), 0 (No change)
• Style: 473 (old), 473 (new), 0 (No change)
• Xml: 1 (old), 1 (new), 0 (No change)

Lesson assets: 111 (old), 111 (new), 0 (No change)

AAB differences

Expand to see AAB specifics

Supported configurations:

• hdpi (same)
• ldpi (same)
• mdpi (same)
• tvdpi (same)
• xhdpi (same)
• xxhdpi (same)
• xxxhdpi (same)

Base APK

APK file size: 10 MiB (old), 10 MiB (new), 36 bytes (Added)
APK download size (estimated): 9 MiB (old), 9 MiB (new), 679 bytes (Removed)

Configuration hdpi

APK file size: 43 KiB (old), 43 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 17 KiB (old), 17 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration ldpi

APK file size: 44 KiB (old), 44 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration mdpi

APK file size: 38 KiB (old), 38 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 13 KiB (old), 13 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration tvdpi

APK file size: 73 KiB (old), 73 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xhdpi

APK file size: 50 KiB (old), 50 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 20 KiB (old), 20 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 28 KiB (old), 28 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

Configuration xxxhdpi

APK file size: 55 KiB (old), 55 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)
APK download size (estimated): 27 KiB (old), 27 KiB (new), 0 bytes (No change)

[BenHenning]

@BenHenning, it seems my handset was running API 14, and after testing with a Linux setup on SDK 34 emulator, the app crashed with the same stack trace @adhiamboperes recorded. Most solutions for the API 14 behavior issue suggested making the DEX files read-only, which I believe was addressed in the bazel incremental script, though I wasn’t sure if that's possible or how to implement that directly in the codebase. Adding ADB support seems reasonable for SDK 34+ and production builds.

Separately, since the setup now uses mobile-install, would it be helpful to include the optional --start_app flag in the wiki documentation for development?

I haven't tested this with --start_app actually, does it work correctly? If so, we could also update .bazelrc and have this flag be default for whenever someone uses mobile-install. Do you have any thoughts on this @Rd4dev or @adhiamboperes?

[BenHenning]

PTAL @adhiamboperes and @Rd4dev at latest wording.

If you can, can you double check that both mobile-install and the adb install command work as expected @Rd4dev? For the former, I want to verify that start_app actually works and, for the latter, that the exact adb install command correctly installs a workable version of the app on SDK 34. If you can't, no worries--I can check this at home later as well.

[Rd4dev]

@BenHenning, yes, I checked the commands earlier and just double-checked them now for

• SDK 28 (using mobile-install with --start_app in the command line and also including it in the .bazelrc)
• SDK 34, 35 (performing a rebuild + running adb install bazel-bin/oppia_dev_binary.apk).

All the above mentioned runs did install a workable version of the app.
Including --start_app in .bazelrc would be very convenient, but I’d like to confirm if it works on Mac, as there are discussions raised here - bazelbuild/bazel#21574.

Also, these are tested only on Linux setup.