You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.Dismiss alert
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
Renames otic fibrocyte subtypes to reflect anatomical specificity (spiral ligament) and updates definitions with molecular/functional characteristics from recent literature (PMID:33193034, PMID:18581144, and others).
Changes
Nomenclature
Relabeled CL_0002666-0002670 from "type 1-5 otic fibrocyte" to "type I-V spiral ligament fibrocyte"
Preserved searchability: original names added as broad synonyms
Definitions
Type I: Added connexin 26/30 molecular signature
Type II: Added K+ recycling function, NKCC1/connexin expression
Type III: Added mechanical function, contractile protein markers, "tension fibroblast" synonym
Type IV: Added CTGF expression, tissue remodeling role
Type V: Added COX-1 expression, vascular regulation via prostaglandins
Logical axioms
All types: part_of spiral ligament (UBERON:0006725)
Type I: adjacent_to stria vascularis of cochlear duct (UBERON:0002282)
Supporting changes
Declared UBERON:0006725, UBERON:0002282
Added 7 literature references across definitions
Warning
Firewall rules blocked me from connecting to one or more addresses (expand for details)
I tried to connect to the following addresses, but was blocked by firewall rules:
A spiral ligament fibrocyte that underlies the stria vascularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph. In mice, expression of connexin 26 (Gjb2) and connexin 30 (Gjb6) serves as a distinguishing molecular signature (Peeleman et al., 2020).
DO NOT replace references, but instead add these to existing ones
PMID: 33193034
PMID: 18581144
logical definition
Add
'part of' some 'spiral ligament'
'adjacent to' some 'stria vascularis of cochlear duct'
type 2 otic fibrocyte
A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located near the spiral prominence between the basilar crest and the stria and plays an important role in potassium recycling by actively pumping K+ from the extracellular space and facilitating transcellular K+ transport through gap junctions toward Type I fibrocytes (Berrocal et al., 2008; Peeleman et al., 2020). In mice, Type II fibrocytes express connexin 26 (Gjb2) and connexin 30 (Gjb6) as part of the mesenchymal gap junction system, as well as the Na‑K‑2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 (Peeleman et al., 2020).
DO NOT replace references, but instead add these to existing ones
PMID: 19080786
PMID: 33193034
logical definition
Add
'part of' some 'spiral ligament'
type 3 otic fibrocyte
A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located in the deepest part of the inferior spiral ligament, directly lining the bony otic capsule. Distinguished from ion-transporting Type I and II fibrocytes by its mechanical function, it utilizes actin-myosin stress fibers to maintain structural tension on the basilar membrane, which is critical for cochlear tuning. It has an elongated morphology and expresses contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in mice, including α‑smooth muscle actin, non‑muscle myosin II, caldesmon, and the water channel Aquaporin‑1(Mahendrasingam et al., 2011; Kelly et al., 2012).
DO NOT replace references, but instead add these to existing ones
A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located in the triangular space inferior to the crista basilaris (basilar crest). This cell is spindle-shaped and expresses both NKCC1 and low levels of Na,K-ATPase (ATP1A1, ATP1B1), contributing to K⁺ recycling, though with lower transporter activity than Type II fibrocytes. Type IV fibrocytes are uniquely characterized by strong expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), suggesting roles in tissue remodeling and paracrine signaling to other cochlear cells.
DO NOT replace references, but instead add these to existing ones
PMID: 33193034
logical definition
Add
'part of' some 'spiral ligament'
type 5 otic fibrocyte
A spiral ligament fibrocyte located in the suprastrial region above the stria vascularis, distinguished from other fibrocyteby their unique expression of COX-1 and end-foot structures that directly contact capillaries. This fibro-vascular coupling enables Type V fibrocytes to regulate cochlear blood flow by translating Ca²⁺ signals into capillary vasodilation via COX-1-derived prostaglandins. This cell also participates in K⁺ recycling through high Na,K-ATPase expression in mice.
DO NOT replace references, but instead add these to existing ones
💡 You can make Copilot smarter by setting up custom instructions, customizing its development environment and configuring Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. Learn more Copilot coding agent tips in the docs.
…hanced definitions
- Relabeled type 1-5 otic fibrocytes to type I-V spiral ligament fibrocytes
- Added type 1-5 otic fibrocyte as broad synonyms
- Updated definitions with new molecular and functional details
- Added references: PMID:33193034, PMID:18581144, PMID:19080786, PMID:21673815, PMID:22043022, PMID:22476723
- Added logical axioms: part_of spiral ligament (UBERON:0006725) for all types
- Added logical axiom: adjacent_to stria vascularis (UBERON:0002282) for type I
- Added "tension fibroblast" as exact synonym for type III with reference PMID:33193034
Co-authored-by: Caroline-99 <[email protected]>
CopilotAI
changed the title
[WIP] Update type I-IV spiral ligament fibrocyte information
Update type I-V otic fibrocyte terms to spiral ligament fibrocyte with enhanced definitions
Dec 8, 2025
type 1 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "An otic fibrocyte that underlies the stria vascularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph."
type 1 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that underlies the stria vascularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph. In mice, expression of connexin 26 (Gjb2) and connexin 30 (Gjb6) serves as a distinguishing molecular signature."
type 2 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "An otic fibrocyte that underlies the spiral prominence and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph."
type 2 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located near the spiral prominence between the basilar crest and the stria and plays an important role in potassium recycling by actively pumping K+ from the extracellular space and facilitating transcellular K+ transport through gap junctions toward Type I fibrocytes. In mice, Type II fibrocytes express connexin 26 (Gjb2) and connexin 30 (Gjb6) as part of the mesenchymal gap junction system, as well as the Na‑K‑2Cl cotransporter NKCC1."
type 3 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located in the deepest part of the inferior spiral ligament, directly lining the bony otic capsule. Distinguished from ion-transporting Type I and II fibrocytes, it utilises actin-myosin stress fibres and anchoring interactions to regulate basilar membrane tension. It has an elongated morphology, is most numerous in the basal, high-frequency cochlea, and expresses contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in mice, including α‑smooth muscle actin, non‑muscle myosin II, caldesmon, and the water channel Aquaporin‑1(Mahendrasingam et al., 2011; Kelly et al., 2012)."
type 4 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located in the triangular space inferior to the crista basilaris (basilar crest). This cell is spindle-shaped and expresses NKCC1 but minimal to no Na,K-ATPase (ATP1A1, ATP1B1) in mice and humans, and lacks connexin 26/30 in mice, indicating it does not participate in K⁺ recycling, unlike type II fibrocytes. Type IV fibrocyte is uniquely characterised by strong expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in mice, suggesting roles in tissue remodelling and paracrine signalling to other cochlear cells."
type 5 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "An otic fibrocyte that resides above the stria vasularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph."
type 5 otic fibrocyteIAO_0000115 "A spiral ligament fibrocyte located in the suprastrial region above the stria vascularis, distinguished from other fibrocytes by their unique expression of COX-1 in guinea pigs and end-foot structures that directly contact capillaries (Dai and Shi, 2011). This fibro-vascular coupling enables type V fibrocytes to regulate cochlear blood flow by translating Ca²⁺ signals into capillary vasodilation via COX-1-derived prostaglandins. This cell also participates in K⁺ recycling, expressing Na,K-ATPase (ATP1A1, ATP1B1) in mice and humans, and connexin 26/30 gap junctions enabling intercellular K⁺ transport within the spiral ligament syncytium (Peeleman et al., 2020)."
type 1 otic fibrocytedefinition "An otic fibrocyte that underlies the stria vascularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph."
type 1 otic fibrocytedefinition "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that underlies the stria vascularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph. In mice, expression of connexin 26 (Gjb2) and connexin 30 (Gjb6) serves as a distinguishing molecular signature."
type 2 otic fibrocytedefinition "An otic fibrocyte that underlies the spiral prominence and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph."
type 2 otic fibrocytedefinition "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located near the spiral prominence between the basilar crest and the stria and plays an important role in potassium recycling by actively pumping K+ from the extracellular space and facilitating transcellular K+ transport through gap junctions toward Type I fibrocytes. In mice, Type II fibrocytes express connexin 26 (Gjb2) and connexin 30 (Gjb6) as part of the mesenchymal gap junction system, as well as the Na‑K‑2Cl cotransporter NKCC1."
type 3 otic fibrocytedefinition "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located in the deepest part of the inferior spiral ligament, directly lining the bony otic capsule. Distinguished from ion-transporting Type I and II fibrocytes, it utilises actin-myosin stress fibres and anchoring interactions to regulate basilar membrane tension. It has an elongated morphology, is most numerous in the basal, high-frequency cochlea, and expresses contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in mice, including α‑smooth muscle actin, non‑muscle myosin II, caldesmon, and the water channel Aquaporin‑1(Mahendrasingam et al., 2011; Kelly et al., 2012)."
type 4 otic fibrocytedefinition "A spiral ligament fibrocyte that is located in the triangular space inferior to the crista basilaris (basilar crest). This cell is spindle-shaped and expresses NKCC1 but minimal to no Na,K-ATPase (ATP1A1, ATP1B1) in mice and humans, and lacks connexin 26/30 in mice, indicating it does not participate in K⁺ recycling, unlike type II fibrocytes. Type IV fibrocyte is uniquely characterised by strong expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in mice, suggesting roles in tissue remodelling and paracrine signalling to other cochlear cells."
type 5 otic fibrocytedefinition "An otic fibrocyte that resides above the stria vasularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph."
type 5 otic fibrocytedefinition "A spiral ligament fibrocyte located in the suprastrial region above the stria vascularis, distinguished from other fibrocytes by their unique expression of COX-1 in guinea pigs and end-foot structures that directly contact capillaries (Dai and Shi, 2011). This fibro-vascular coupling enables type V fibrocytes to regulate cochlear blood flow by translating Ca²⁺ signals into capillary vasodilation via COX-1-derived prostaglandins. This cell also participates in K⁺ recycling, expressing Na,K-ATPase (ATP1A1, ATP1B1) in mice and humans, and connexin 26/30 gap junctions enabling intercellular K⁺ transport within the spiral ligament syncytium (Peeleman et al., 2020)."
Add this suggestion to a batch that can be applied as a single commit.This suggestion is invalid because no changes were made to the code.Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is closed.Suggestions cannot be applied while viewing a subset of changes.Only one suggestion per line can be applied in a batch.Add this suggestion to a batch that can be applied as a single commit.Applying suggestions on deleted lines is not supported.You must change the existing code in this line in order to create a valid suggestion.Outdated suggestions cannot be applied.This suggestion has been applied or marked resolved.Suggestions cannot be applied from pending reviews.Suggestions cannot be applied on multi-line comments.Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is queued to merge.Suggestion cannot be applied right now. Please check back later.
Caroline-99
requested review from
RiveraAndrea83
and removed request for
Caroline-99
Renames otic fibrocyte subtypes to reflect anatomical specificity (spiral ligament) and updates definitions with molecular/functional characteristics from recent literature (PMID:33193034, PMID:18581144, and others).
Changes
Nomenclature
Definitions
Logical axioms
part_ofspiral ligament (UBERON:0006725)adjacent_tostria vascularis of cochlear duct (UBERON:0002282)Supporting changes
Warning
Firewall rules blocked me from connecting to one or more addresses (expand for details)
I tried to connect to the following addresses, but was blocked by firewall rules:
purl.obolibrary.org/usr/bin/curl curl -s REDACTED -collect-logs(dns block)If you need me to access, download, or install something from one of these locations, you can either:
Original prompt
💡 You can make Copilot smarter by setting up custom instructions, customizing its development environment and configuring Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. Learn more Copilot coding agent tips in the docs.