DRIVERS-3239: Add exponential backoff to operation retry loop for server overloaded errors

source/client-backpressure/tests/README.md

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+# Client Backpressure Tests
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+
+## Introduction
+
+The YAML and JSON files in this directory are platform-independent tests meant to exercise a driver's implementation of
+retryable reads. These tests utilize the [Unified Test Format](../../unified-test-format/unified-test-format.md).
+
+Several prose tests, which are not easily expressed in YAML, are also presented in this file. Those tests will need to
+be manually implemented by each driver.
+
+### Prose Tests
+
+#### Test 1: Operation Retry Uses Exponential Backoff
+
+Drivers should test that retries do not occur immediately when a SystemOverloadedError is encountered.
+
+1. let `client` be a `MongoClient`
+2. let `collection` be a collection
+3. Now, run transactions without backoff:
+    1. Configure the random number generator used for jitter to always return `0` -- this effectively disables backoff.
+
+    2. Configure the following failPoint:
+
+        ```javascript
+            {
+                configureFailPoint: 'failCommand',
+                mode: 'alwaysOn',
+                data: {
+                failCommands: ['insert'],
+                errorCode: 2,
+                errorLabels: ['SystemOverloadedError', 'RetryableError']
+                }
+            }
+        ```
+
+    3. Execute the following command. Expect that the command errors. Measure the duration of the command execution.
+
+        ```javascript
+           const start = performance.now();
+           expect(
+            await coll.insertOne({ a: 1 }).catch(e => e)
+           ).to.be.an.instanceof(MongoServerError);
+           const end = performance.now();
+        ```
+
+    4. Configure the random number generator used for jitter to always return `1`.
+
+    5. Execute step 3 again.
+
+    6. Compare the two time between the two runs.
+    ```python
+    assertTrue(absolute_value(with_backoff_time - (no_backoff_time + 3.1 seconds)) < 1)
+    ```
+    The sum of 5 backoffs is 3.1 seconds. There is a 1-second window to account for potential variance between the two
+    runs.
+
+## Changelog
+
+- 2025-XX-XX: Initial version.