COMPASS: COding variant Mapping onto Protein-structure-Anchored hotSpotS

A computational pipeline for structural and functional interpretation of disease-associated coding variants.

Description

COMPASS is a computational framework designed to integrate whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data with experimentally determined and AI-predicted protein structures to systematically link disease-associated coding variants with functional structural regions and therapeutic targets. By combining sequence-based variant selection and structure-based patch scanning, COMPASS identifies disease-relevant substructures (functional hotspots) that accelerate genetics-driven drug discovery.

Workflow Overview

The framework comprises three modules: (i) a sequence module (COMPASS-Seq) that maps variants to transcript-specific amino acid sequences and consolidates association signals at the residue level; (ii) a structure module (COMPASS-Struct) that localizes disease-relevant hotspots in the protein; and (iii) an annotation module (COMPASS-Anno) that integrates functional annotations and automated literature mining to support interpretation.

Docker Image

A Docker image for COMPASS, which includes both R and Python environments with all COMPASS-related dependencies pre-installed, is available on Docker Hub. The image can be pulled using:

docker pull fengyn923/compass:0.1.0

Examples

COMPASS-Seq

Rscript coding_variants2amino_acids.R \
  --category=missense \
  --obj_nullmodel.file=obj.STAAR.UKB.Brain_Spine_Secondary.20250422.Rdata \
  --chr=6 \
  --gds.path=ukb.500k.wgs.chr6.pass.annotated.extend.gds \
  --gene_name=CRIP3 \
  --transcript=ENST00000274990 \
  --protein_sequence_selection_strategy=one-step

Parameter	Example	Description
--category	missense	Type of coding variants to analyze. Options: missense, disruptive missense, ptv, plof.
--obj_nullmodel.file	obj.STAAR.UKB.Brain_Spine_Secondary.20250422.Rdata	The pre-computed null model object was generated for the target phenotype.
--chr	6	Chromosome number containing the target gene.
--gds.path	ukb.500k.wgs.chr6.pass.annotated.extend.gds	Path to the annotated GDS file containing WGS variants for the specified chromosome.
--gene_name	CRIP3	Name of the target gene for analysis.
--transcript	ENST00000333681	Ensembl transcript ID corresponding to the analyzed gene. The default setting is standard, which automatically selects the canonical transcript for analysis.
--protein_sequence_selection_strategy	one-step	Strategy used to select representative amino acid sequences when multiple variants occur at the same position. Options: one-step, stepwise, best-subset-selection.

COMPASS-Struct

python patch_scanning.py \
  --i_pdb_file bcl2_chronic_lymphoid_leukemia.pdb \
  --i_variant_file BCL2_ENST00000333681_onestep_variant.txt \
  --radius 20 \
  --transcript ENST00000333681 \
  --gene_name BCL2 \
  --obj_nullmodel obj.STAAR.UKB.Chronic_Lymphoid_Leukemia.20250422.Rdata \
  --chr 18 \
  --category missense \
  --gds_path ukb.500k.wgs.chr18.pass.annotated.extend.gds \
  --num_patch 10

Parameter	Example	Description
--i_pdb_file	bcl2_chronic_lymphoid_leukemia.pdb	Input PDB file containing the 3D structure of the target protein.
--i_variant_file	BCL2_ENST00000333681_onestep_variant.txt	Variant file listing disease-associated variants (output from the sequence-based selection step).
--radius	20	Radius (in Å) used to define a 3D patch centered on each residue’s Cα atom.
--transcript	ENST00000333681	Ensembl transcript ID corresponding to the analyzed gene. The default setting is standard, which automatically selects the canonical transcript for analysis.
--gene_name	BCL2	Name of the target gene for analysis.
--obj_nullmodel	obj.STAAR.UKB.Chronic_Lymphoid_Leukemia.20250422.Rdata	The pre-computed null model object was generated for the target phenotype.
--chr	18	Chromosome number containing the target gene.
--category	missense	Variant category to analysis in the patch scanning.
--gds_path	ukb.500k.wgs.chr18.pass.annotated.extend.gds	Path to the annotated GDS file containing WGS variants for the specified chromosome.
--num_patch	10	Specifies the number of top-ranked structural hotspots (patches) with the lowest P-values to be reported. A value of 999 outputs all identified hotspots.

COMPASS-Anno

COMPASS-Anno is used to provide functional interpretation for disease-associated structural hotspots identified by COMPASS. The interpretation is achieved by integrating functional context and literature-based evidence, with assistance from large language models, including ChatGPT and DeepSeek, and is accessible through our website (http://compassbio.net).

Authors

Yannuo Feng^*, Yihao Peng^*, Shijie Fan^*, Shijia Bian, Jingjing Gong, Qikai Jiang, Chang Lu^#, Xihao Li^#, Zilin Li^#. Prioritizing druggable targets by mapping human disease-associated coding variants onto protein structures with COMPASS.

Contact: luc816@nenu.edu.cn, xihaoli@unc.edu, lizl@nenu.edu.cn