Document the meaning of CPU requests & limits

[pegasas]

Description

I have added a new section titled "How CPU requests and limits work under the hood", which explains in detail:

1. On Linux systems:
   How CPU requests are translated into cgroups v1 shares or cgroups v2 weight

How CPU limits are implemented using a quota system with a fixed 100ms period

An explanation of CPU limiting, including concrete examples

Explanation of how CPU throttling works

2. On Windows systems:
   The different implementation of CPU requests and limits

Explanation of how CPU caps are used to enforce limits in Windows

Explanation of how it works on multi-core systems

Issue

fix: #50308

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[tengqm]

Please wrap the long "lines" appropriately.
See https://sembr.org for the preferred line wrapping style.

[lmktfy]

I think this new section would be great as a page under https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/

The existing task page can (should) link to that new concept page, and can also include a bit of a summary.

[salaxander]

I think this new section would be great as a page under https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/

The existing task page can (should) link to that new concept page, and can also include a bit of a summary.

Agree with @lmktfy here, I think this would be a great place for the content

[lmktfy]

@pegagas, would you be willing to adapt this per #50987 (comment) ?

You can, of course, keep all the words you've already written - it's just about where they go.