Use uv for dependency management and add Ruff rules

[javidahmed64592]

This pull request introduces significant updates to the project, including the integration of the uv Python project manager, adjustments to workflows and configuration files, and improvements to documentation and code quality. Below is a summary of the most important changes:

Integration of uv Python Project Manager:

• Replaced pip commands with uv commands for dependency management, testing, linting, and type checking in .github/workflows/ci.yml. Added caching support for uv using uv.lock. [1] [2]
• Added installation instructions for uv in README.md and updated commands for installing dependencies, testing, linting, and type checking.

Documentation Enhancements:

• Updated README.md to include a new section about uv, streamlined instructions for dependency installation, and consolidated testing, linting, and type-checking sections.

Code Quality Improvements:

• Added docstrings to src/example/main.py and tests/example/test_main.py to improve code documentation. [1] [2]

Workflow and Configuration Updates:

• Introduced .python-version file specifying Python 3.12 for consistency.
• Updated pyproject.toml to extend file exclusions and adjust linting rules, including new rules for Ruff. [1] [2]

New Features:

• Added a basic main.py entry point with a main() function that prints a message.