Add the name resolver API

grpc/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,17 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 url = "2.5.0"
-tokio = { version = "1.37.0", features = ["sync"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.37.0", features = ["sync", "rt", "net", "time", "macros"] }
 tonic = { version = "0.13.0", path = "../tonic", default-features = false, features = ["codegen"] }
 futures-core = "0.3.31"
+hickory-resolver = { version = "0.25.1", optional = true }
+rand = "0.8.5"
+parking_lot = "0.12.4"
+bytes = "1.10.1"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+hickory-server =  "0.25.2"
+
+[features]
+default = ["dns"]
+dns = ["dep:hickory-resolver"]

grpc/src/byte_str.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2025 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+use core::str;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
+
+/// A cheaply cloneable and sliceable chunk of contiguous memory.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
+pub struct ByteStr {
+    // Invariant: bytes contains valid UTF-8
+    bytes: Bytes,
+}
+
+impl Deref for ByteStr {
+    type Target = str;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &str {
+        let b: &[u8] = self.bytes.as_ref();
+        // The invariant of `bytes` is that it contains valid UTF-8 allows us
+        // to unwrap.
+        str::from_utf8(b).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<String> for ByteStr {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(src: String) -> ByteStr {
+        ByteStr {
+            // Invariant: src is a String so contains valid UTF-8.
+            bytes: Bytes::from(src),
+        }
+    }
+}

grpc/src/client/mod.rs

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 pub mod channel;
-pub mod service;
 pub(crate) mod load_balancing;
 pub(crate) mod name_resolution;
+pub mod service;
 pub mod service_config;
 
 /// A representation of the current state of a gRPC channel, also used for the

grpc/src/client/name_resolution/backoff.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2025 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+use rand::Rng;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BackoffConfig {
+    /// The amount of time to backoff after the first failure.
+    pub base_delay: Duration,
+
+    /// The factor with which to multiply backoffs after a
+    /// failed retry. Should ideally be greater than 1.
+    pub multiplier: f64,
+
+    /// The factor with which backoffs are randomized.
+    pub jitter: f64,
+
+    /// The upper bound of backoff delay.
+    pub max_delay: Duration,
+}
+
+pub struct ExponentialBackoff {
+    config: BackoffConfig,
+
+    /// The delay for the next retry, without the random jitter. Store as f64
+    /// to avoid rounding errors.
+    next_delay_secs: f64,
+}
+
+/// This is a backoff configuration with the default values specified
+/// at https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/connection-backoff.md.
+///
+/// This should be useful for callers who want to configure backoff with
+/// non-default values only for a subset of the options.
+pub const DEFAULT_EXPONENTIAL_CONFIG: BackoffConfig = BackoffConfig {
+    base_delay: Duration::from_secs(1),
+    multiplier: 1.6,
+    jitter: 0.2,
+    max_delay: Duration::from_secs(120),
+};
+
+impl BackoffConfig {
+    fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+        // Check that the arguments are in valid ranges.
+        // 0 <= base_dealy <= max_delay
+        if self.base_delay > self.max_delay {
+            Err("base_delay must be greater than max_delay")?;
+        }
+        // 1 <= multiplier
+        if self.multiplier < 1.0 {
+            Err("multiplier must be greater than 1.0")?;
+        }
+        // 0 <= jitter <= 1
+        if self.jitter < 0.0 {
+            Err("jitter must be greater than or equal to 0")?;
+        }
+        if self.jitter > 1.0 {
+            Err("jitter must be less than or equal to 1")?
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExponentialBackoff {
+    pub fn new(config: BackoffConfig) -> Result<Self, &'static str> {
+        config.validate()?;
+        let next_delay_secs = config.base_delay.as_secs_f64();
+        Ok(ExponentialBackoff {
+            config,
+            next_delay_secs,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.next_delay_secs = self.config.base_delay.as_secs_f64();
+    }
+
+    pub fn backoff_duration(&mut self) -> Duration {
+        let next_delay = self.next_delay_secs;
+        let cur_delay =
+            next_delay * (1.0 + self.config.jitter * rand::thread_rng().gen_range(-1.0..1.0));
+        self.next_delay_secs = self
+            .config
+            .max_delay
+            .as_secs_f64()
+            .min(next_delay * self.config.multiplier);
+        Duration::from_secs_f64(cur_delay)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    use crate::client::name_resolution::backoff::{
+        BackoffConfig, ExponentialBackoff, DEFAULT_EXPONENTIAL_CONFIG,
+    };
+
+    // Epsilon for floating point comparisons if needed, though Duration
+    // comparisons are often better.
+    const EPSILON: f64 = 1e-9;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn default_config_is_valid() {
+        let result = ExponentialBackoff::new(DEFAULT_EXPONENTIAL_CONFIG.clone());
+        assert_eq!(result.is_ok(), true);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn base_less_than_max() {
+        let config = BackoffConfig {
+            base_delay: Duration::from_secs(10),
+            multiplier: 123.0,
+            jitter: 0.0,
+            max_delay: Duration::from_secs(100),
+        };
+        let mut backoff = ExponentialBackoff::new(config).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(10));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn base_more_than_max() {
+        let config = BackoffConfig {
+            multiplier: 123.0,
+            jitter: 0.0,
+            base_delay: Duration::from_secs(100),
+            max_delay: Duration::from_secs(10),
+        };
+        let result = ExponentialBackoff::new(config);
+        assert_eq!(result.is_err(), true);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn negative_multiplier() {
+        let config = BackoffConfig {
+            multiplier: -123.0,
+            jitter: 0.0,
+            base_delay: Duration::from_secs(10),
+            max_delay: Duration::from_secs(100),
+        };
+        let result = ExponentialBackoff::new(config);
+        assert_eq!(result.is_err(), true);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn negative_jitter() {
+        let config = BackoffConfig {
+            multiplier: 1.0,
+            jitter: -10.0,
+            base_delay: Duration::from_secs(10),
+            max_delay: Duration::from_secs(100),
+        };
+        let result = ExponentialBackoff::new(config);
+        assert_eq!(result.is_err(), true);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn jitter_greater_than_one() {
+        let config = BackoffConfig {
+            multiplier: 1.0,
+            jitter: 2.0,
+            base_delay: Duration::from_secs(10),
+            max_delay: Duration::from_secs(100),
+        };
+        let result = ExponentialBackoff::new(config);
+        assert_eq!(result.is_err(), true);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn backoff_reset_no_jitter() {
+        let config = BackoffConfig {
+            multiplier: 2.0,
+            jitter: 0.0,
+            base_delay: Duration::from_secs(1),
+            max_delay: Duration::from_secs(15),
+        };
+        let mut backoff = ExponentialBackoff::new(config.clone()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(1));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(2));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(4));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(8));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(15));
+        // Duration is capped to max_delay.
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(15));
+
+        // reset and repeat.
+        backoff.reset();
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(1));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(2));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(4));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(8));
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(15));
+        // Duration is capped to max_delay.
+        assert_eq!(backoff.backoff_duration(), Duration::from_secs(15));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn backoff_with_jitter() {
+        let config = BackoffConfig {
+            multiplier: 2.0,
+            jitter: 0.2,
+            base_delay: Duration::from_secs(1),
+            max_delay: Duration::from_secs(15),
+        };
+        let mut backoff = ExponentialBackoff::new(config.clone()).unwrap();
+        // 0.8 <= duration <= 1.2.
+        let duration = backoff.backoff_duration();
+        assert_eq!(duration.gt(&Duration::from_secs_f64(0.8 - EPSILON)), true);
+        assert_eq!(duration.lt(&Duration::from_secs_f64(1.2 + EPSILON)), true);
+        // 1.6 <= duration <= 2.4.
+        let duration = backoff.backoff_duration();
+        assert_eq!(duration.gt(&Duration::from_secs_f64(1.6 - EPSILON)), true);
+        assert_eq!(duration.lt(&Duration::from_secs_f64(2.4 + EPSILON)), true);
+        // 3.2 <= duration <= 4.8.
+        let duration = backoff.backoff_duration();
+        assert_eq!(duration.gt(&Duration::from_secs_f64(3.2 - EPSILON)), true);
+        assert_eq!(duration.lt(&Duration::from_secs_f64(4.8 + EPSILON)), true);
+    }
+}