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googleapis: DirectPath over Interconnect #12760

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72b24f6
direct-path-interconnect
shivaspeaks Apr 15, 2026
9b65e38
direct-path-interconnect
shivaspeaks Apr 15, 2026
3aaa6ed
merge from master
shivaspeaks May 7, 2026
a52050e
rework with QueryParams
shivaspeaks May 7, 2026
45cf39c
use one bootstrap file
shivaspeaks May 7, 2026
39bce96
resolve comments
shivaspeaks May 7, 2026
8106aae
remove empty ampersand edge case
shivaspeaks May 7, 2026
20bf74a
use QueryParams instance to handle target
shivaspeaks May 8, 2026
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion api/src/main/java/io/grpc/Uri.java
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ public Builder setQuery(@Nullable String query) {
}

@CanIgnoreReturnValue
Builder setRawQuery(String query) {
public Builder setRawQuery(String query) {
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checkPercentEncodedArg(query, "query", queryChars);
this.query = query;
return this;
Expand Down
134 changes: 99 additions & 35 deletions googleapis/src/main/java/io/grpc/googleapis/GoogleCloudToProdNameResolver.java
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.io.CharStreams;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -47,7 +48,6 @@
import java.io.Reader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -76,23 +76,45 @@ final class GoogleCloudToProdNameResolver extends NameResolver {
private static final String serverUriOverride =
System.getenv("GRPC_TEST_ONLY_GOOGLE_C2P_RESOLVER_TRAFFIC_DIRECTOR_URI");

@GuardedBy("GoogleCloudToProdNameResolver.class")
private static final Object BOOTSTRAP_LOCK = new Object();
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@ejona86 ejona86 May 7, 2026

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Revert?

private static final Object FORCE_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_LOCK = new Object();

@GuardedBy("BOOTSTRAP_LOCK")
private static BootstrapInfo bootstrapInfo;
@GuardedBy("FORCE_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_LOCK")
private static BootstrapInfo forceXdsBootstrapInfo;
private static HttpConnectionProvider httpConnectionProvider = HttpConnectionFactory.INSTANCE;
private static int c2pId = new Random().nextInt();

private static synchronized BootstrapInfo getBootstrapInfo()
private static BootstrapInfo getBootstrapInfo(boolean isForcedXds)
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@ejona86 ejona86 Apr 21, 2026

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The design didn't call this out. We need to decode if it is "first one wins" or we need two different bootstraps. I've added a comment on the design.

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@shivaspeaks shivaspeaks May 6, 2026

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Per Mark's thoughts on the design, they'll share the bootstrap file and the first one wins? So we're good with the current implementation for bootstrapInfo right?

We are stripping the force-xds parameter from the URI before passing it to the pool (InternalSharedXdsClientPoolProvider) and the target strings will be identical. So whichhever channel starts first will set the "winning" bootstrap configuration.

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@ejona86 ejona86 May 7, 2026

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The current implementation does not share and does not have a "first one wins" behavior. We use two different variables to store the caches... they are completely separate.

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@shivaspeaks shivaspeaks May 7, 2026

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Oh, I was assuming that finalBootstrapInfo is what we cared about which will set the bootstrap config in sharedXdsClientPoolProvider.

I'll update to use one single file here as well, that will obviously make it simpler having one lock.

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@ejona86 ejona86 May 7, 2026

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Oh, that's fair, although the changes here no longer served any purpose.

throws XdsInitializationException, IOException {
if (bootstrapInfo != null) {
return bootstrapInfo;
}
BootstrapInfo bootstrapInfoTmp =
InternalGrpcBootstrapperImpl.parseBootstrap(generateBootstrap());
// Avoid setting global when testing
if (httpConnectionProvider == HttpConnectionFactory.INSTANCE) {
bootstrapInfo = bootstrapInfoTmp;
if (isForcedXds) {
synchronized (FORCE_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_LOCK) {
if (forceXdsBootstrapInfo != null) {
return forceXdsBootstrapInfo;
}
BootstrapInfo newInfo = InternalGrpcBootstrapperImpl.parseBootstrap(
generateBootstrap("", true, true));
// Avoid setting global when testing
if (httpConnectionProvider == HttpConnectionFactory.INSTANCE) {
forceXdsBootstrapInfo = newInfo;
}
return newInfo;
}
} else {
synchronized (BOOTSTRAP_LOCK) {
if (bootstrapInfo != null) {
return bootstrapInfo;
}
BootstrapInfo newInfo = InternalGrpcBootstrapperImpl.parseBootstrap(
generateBootstrap());
// Avoid setting global when testing
if (httpConnectionProvider == HttpConnectionFactory.INSTANCE) {
bootstrapInfo = newInfo;
}
return newInfo;
}
}
return bootstrapInfoTmp;
}

private final String authority;
Expand All @@ -102,7 +124,8 @@ private static synchronized BootstrapInfo getBootstrapInfo()
private final MetricRecorder metricRecorder;
private final NameResolver delegate;
private final boolean usingExecutorResource;
private final String schemeOverride = !isOnGcp ? "dns" : "xds";
private final boolean forceXds;
private final String schemeOverride;
private XdsClientResult xdsClientPool;
private XdsClient xdsClient;
private Executor executor;
Expand All @@ -122,16 +145,32 @@ private static synchronized BootstrapInfo getBootstrapInfo()
NameResolver.Factory nameResolverFactory) {
this.executorResource = checkNotNull(executorResource, "executorResource");
String targetPath = checkNotNull(checkNotNull(targetUri, "targetUri").getPath(), "targetPath");
Uri grpcUri = Uri.create(targetUri.toString());
String query = grpcUri.getRawQuery();
this.forceXds = checkForceXds(query);
this.schemeOverride = (forceXds || isOnGcp) ? "xds" : "dns";
String newQuery = stripForceXds(query);

Preconditions.checkArgument(
targetPath.startsWith("/"),
"the path component (%s) of the target (%s) must start with '/'",
targetPath,
targetUri);
authority = GrpcUtil.checkAuthority(targetPath.substring(1));
syncContext = checkNotNull(args, "args").getSynchronizationContext();
targetUri = overrideUriScheme(targetUri, schemeOverride);

Uri.Builder modifiedTargetBuilder = grpcUri.toBuilder().setScheme(schemeOverride);
if (newQuery != null) {
modifiedTargetBuilder.setRawQuery(newQuery);
} else {
modifiedTargetBuilder.setQuery(null);
}
if (schemeOverride.equals("xds")) {
modifiedTargetBuilder.setRawAuthority(C2P_AUTHORITY);
}
targetUri = URI.create(modifiedTargetBuilder.build().toString());

if (schemeOverride.equals("xds")) {
targetUri = overrideUriAuthority(targetUri, C2P_AUTHORITY);
args = args.toBuilder()
.setArg(XdsNameResolverProvider.XDS_CLIENT_SUPPLIER, () -> xdsClient)
.build();
Expand All @@ -155,6 +194,11 @@ private static synchronized BootstrapInfo getBootstrapInfo()
Resource<Executor> executorResource,
NameResolver.Factory nameResolverFactory) {
this.executorResource = checkNotNull(executorResource, "executorResource");
String query = targetUri.getRawQuery();
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@jdcormie jdcormie May 7, 2026

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Consider working with the query component as an instance of QueryParams rather than a string. That way you can parse it just once here, then read/modify it in both checkForceXds() and stripForceXds() without parsing it again.

this.forceXds = checkForceXds(query);
this.schemeOverride = (forceXds || isOnGcp) ? "xds" : "dns";
String newQuery = stripForceXds(query);

Preconditions.checkArgument(
targetUri.isPathAbsolute(),
"the path component of the target (%s) must start with '/'",
Expand All @@ -167,6 +211,12 @@ private static synchronized BootstrapInfo getBootstrapInfo()
authority = GrpcUtil.checkAuthority(pathSegments.get(0));
syncContext = checkNotNull(args, "args").getSynchronizationContext();
Uri.Builder modifiedTargetBuilder = targetUri.toBuilder().setScheme(schemeOverride);
if (newQuery != null) {
modifiedTargetBuilder.setRawQuery(newQuery);
} else {
modifiedTargetBuilder.setQuery(null);
}

if (schemeOverride.equals("xds")) {
modifiedTargetBuilder.setRawAuthority(C2P_AUTHORITY);
args =
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -226,7 +276,7 @@ class Resolve implements Runnable {
public void run() {
BootstrapInfo bootstrapInfo = null;
try {
bootstrapInfo = getBootstrapInfo();
bootstrapInfo = getBootstrapInfo(forceXds);
} catch (IOException e) {
listener.onError(
Status.INTERNAL.withDescription("Unable to get metadata").withCause(e));
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -263,16 +313,18 @@ public void run() {
static ImmutableMap<String, ?> generateBootstrap() throws IOException {
return generateBootstrap(
queryZoneMetadata(METADATA_URL_ZONE),
queryIpv6SupportMetadata(METADATA_URL_SUPPORT_IPV6));
queryIpv6SupportMetadata(METADATA_URL_SUPPORT_IPV6), false);
}

private static ImmutableMap<String, ?> generateBootstrap(String zone, boolean supportIpv6) {
static ImmutableMap<String, ?> generateBootstrap(
String zone, boolean supportIpv6, boolean isForcedXds) {
ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Object> nodeBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
nodeBuilder.put("id", "C2P-" + (c2pId & Integer.MAX_VALUE));
if (!zone.isEmpty()) {
String nodeIdPrefix = isOnGcp ? "C2P-" : "C2P-non-gcp-";
nodeBuilder.put("id", nodeIdPrefix + (c2pId & Integer.MAX_VALUE));
if (!isForcedXds && !zone.isEmpty()) {
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@ejona86 ejona86 May 7, 2026

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The zone is guaranteed to be empty when isForcedXds=true. And that is important, because we need to make sure not to look up the zone when forcing xds. Same for supportIpv6. We shouldn't have these conditions, because that should be handled before we get to this function. The isForcedXds argument should be removed. This should also return to being private, because the tests calling this directly don't actually test anything.

nodeBuilder.put("locality", ImmutableMap.of("zone", zone));
}
if (supportIpv6) {
if (isForcedXds || supportIpv6) {
nodeBuilder.put("metadata",
ImmutableMap.of("TRAFFICDIRECTOR_DIRECTPATH_C2P_IPV6_CAPABLE", true));
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -373,24 +425,36 @@ static void setC2pId(int c2pId) {
GoogleCloudToProdNameResolver.c2pId = c2pId;
}

private static URI overrideUriScheme(URI uri, String scheme) {
URI res;
try {
res = new URI(scheme, uri.getAuthority(), uri.getPath(), uri.getQuery(), uri.getFragment());
} catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid scheme: " + scheme, ex);
private static boolean checkForceXds(String query) {
if (query == null) {
return false;
}
return res;
for (String part : Splitter.on('&').split(query)) {
if (part.equals("force-xds")) {
return true;
}
if (part.startsWith("force-xds=")) {
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@ejona86 ejona86 Apr 21, 2026

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There is no value defined for this. Don't go making up your own, especially giving multiple aliases (false vs 0), as we need it to behave the same across languages. If it were necessary, we'd need to update the design so that all languages behaved the same. Since it doesn't seem necessary, delete this.

String value = part.substring("force-xds=".length());
return !value.equalsIgnoreCase("false") && !value.equals("0");
}
}
return false;
}

private static URI overrideUriAuthority(URI uri, String authority) {
URI res;
try {
res = new URI(uri.getScheme(), authority, uri.getPath(), uri.getQuery(), uri.getFragment());
} catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid authority: " + authority, ex);
private static String stripForceXds(String query) {
if (query == null) {
return null;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (String part : Splitter.on('&').split(query)) {
if (!part.equals("force-xds") && !part.startsWith("force-xds=")) {
if (sb.length() > 0) {
sb.append("&");
}
sb.append(part);
}
}
return res;
return sb.length() == 0 ? null : sb.toString();
}

private enum HttpConnectionFactory implements HttpConnectionProvider {
Expand Down
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