[FR]: Update AppCheck dependency library's minimum supported versions #16539

Description

• Merge Rewrite AppCheckCore in Swift google/app-check#111 Swift migration
• Address checklist in Rewrite AppCheckCore in Swift google/app-check#111 (before or after merge)
• Firebase 13 integration testing - see Test AppCheckCore 12.0.0 (Swift implementation) #16544
• Port fix: capture request date before network request to prevent clock skew/suspension bugs google/app-check#113 to Swift
  • artifact: fix: port google/app-check#113 to swift google/app-check#121
• Add suggested tests from fix: capture request date before network request to prevent clock skew/suspension bugs google/app-check#113 (comment)
  • artifact: fix: port google/app-check#113 to swift google/app-check#121
• Evaluate potential refactor of recaptcha provider to make cross-platform inclusion easier
• Integration testing
• [ ] Soon after Firebase 13 launch, coordinate a release with GoogleSignIn [App Check] Add SPM AppCheckCore 12.x support google/GoogleSignIn-iOS#626

API Proposal

No response

Firebase Product(s)

App Check