elephant-php

Convert .docx files to Markdown or semantic HTML, in pure PHP. No external binaries (LibreOffice, Pandoc), no heavyweight library (PHPWord), no shell-out — just the standard PHP extensions. elephant-php reads the structure of a document — headings, lists, tables, footnotes, images — instead of trying to reproduce Word's visual formatting.

It is a PHP port of mammoth.js and adopts its core philosophy and style-mapping DSL.

Features

• Pure PHP, no LibreOffice / Pandoc / shell-out — only the standard dom, libxml, mbstring, xmlreader, zip extensions.
• HTML and Markdown output from the same intermediate model.
• Headings (h1–h6), paragraphs, runs with bold / italic / strike / superscript / subscript, hyperlinks, nested lists (mixed ul/ol), tables (colspan + rowspan from gridSpan and vMerge), images (embedded as data URIs by default, customisable handler), footnotes and endnotes (with backlinks), comments, content controls (w:sdt), symbol fonts (Wingdings / Webdings / Symbol via dingbat-to-unicode), legacy hyperlink complex fields (w:fldChar), checkbox form fields (SDT wordml:checkbox and FORMCHECKBOX) rendered as <input type="checkbox"> in HTML and [x] / [ ] in Markdown.
• Mammoth-compatible style-mapping DSL: p[style-name='Heading 1'] => h1:fresh, b => strong, r.Code => code, comment-reference => sup, highlight[color='yellow'] => mark, br[type='page'] => hr, table.Grid => table.fancy, => ! for ignore. Supports :fresh, :separator('text') and backslash escape sequences (\n, \r, \t, \\, \') inside string literals.
• Converter options: idPrefix (namespace HTML ids), ignoreEmptyParagraphs, prettyPrint (indented HTML), ignoreHiddenText (drop w:vanish "Hidden" runs, on by default), transformDocument (callback to rewrite the parsed tree before rendering), plus Transforms helpers (paragraph, run, elementsOfType, elements, getDescendants, getDescendantsOfType) for walking and rebuilding the document tree.
• extractRawText for plain-text indexing pipelines.
• embedStyleMap / readEmbeddedStyleMap for mammoth-compatible in-document style maps.
• CLI bin/elephant-php for .docx → HTML/Markdown from the terminal.
• Safe by default for untrusted input — see Security defaults.

See ROADMAP.md for the residual gap with mammoth.js (track-changes deletion concatenation, DSL list matchers, OMML equations).

Installation

composer require endless-creativity/elephant-php

Requires PHP 8.2+.

Usage

HTML

use EndlessCreativity\ElephantPhp\Converter;

$result = (new Converter())->convertToHtml('/path/to/file.docx');

echo $result->value;             // semantic HTML
foreach ($result->messages as $message) {
    fwrite(STDERR, "[{$message->type->value}] {$message->message}\n");
}

Markdown

$result = (new Converter())->convertToMarkdown('/path/to/file.docx');

file_put_contents('article.md', $result->value);

Plain text

$result = (new Converter())->extractRawText('/path/to/file.docx');

// Paragraphs are separated by "\n\n", everything else just contributes
// its descendant text. Useful for indexing/search pipelines.
echo $result->value;

Custom style map

Mammoth's DSL is supported as a list of rule strings. Rules are tried in order; the first match wins. The default heading map (Heading 1..6 → h1..h6) is appended after your rules.

$converter = new Converter(styleMap: [
    "p[style-name='Aside'] => aside.callout",
    "p[style-name='Quote'] => blockquote > p:fresh",
    "r[style-name='Code'] => code",
    "comment-reference => sup",                    // opt in to comments
    "highlight[color='yellow'] => mark.yellow",
    "br[type='page'] => hr",
    "p[style-name='List Paragraph'] =>",           // silence common warning
]);

$html = $converter->convertToHtml('/path/to/file.docx')->value;

Custom image handler

By default, images are embedded as data: URIs. Plug in your own ImageHandler to write to disk / S3 / a CDN / whatever, returning the final <img> attributes.

use EndlessCreativity\ElephantPhp\Document\Image;
use EndlessCreativity\ElephantPhp\Image\ImageHandler;

$handler = new class implements ImageHandler {
    public function attributes(Image $image): array {
        $bytes = ($image->readBytes)();
        $hash = hash('sha256', $bytes);
        $ext = ['image/png' => 'png', 'image/jpeg' => 'jpg'][$image->contentType] ?? 'bin';
        $path = "uploads/{$hash}.{$ext}";
        file_put_contents(__DIR__ . "/public/{$path}", $bytes);
        return ['src' => "/{$path}"];
    }
};

$converter = new Converter(imageHandler: $handler);

Transform the document before rendering

transformDocument receives the parsed Document and returns a (possibly modified) Document. Combine with the Transforms helpers to walk and rebuild the tree without writing recursion by hand:

use EndlessCreativity\ElephantPhp\Document\Run;
use EndlessCreativity\ElephantPhp\Document\Transforms;

// Force every run to bold before rendering.
$converter = new Converter(
    transformDocument: Transforms::run(
        static fn (Run $r): Run => new Run(children: $r->children, isBold: true),
    ),
);

Embedded style map (read / write)

Mammoth supports embedding the style map as a part of the docx itself under mammoth/style-map. Read / write round-trips:

// Write
$bytes = Converter::embedStyleMap('/in.docx', "p[style-name='Aside'] => p.aside");
file_put_contents('/out.docx', $bytes);

// Read
$rules = Converter::readEmbeddedStyleMap('/out.docx');

CLI

vendor/bin/elephant-php /path/to/file.docx                  # → HTML to stdout
vendor/bin/elephant-php --markdown /path/to/file.docx       # → Markdown to stdout
vendor/bin/elephant-php /path/to/file.docx out.html         # → HTML to file

Conversion warnings are written to stderr regardless of the output destination.

Security defaults

The library is designed to be safe to point at untrusted .docx input out of the box. Three behaviours diverge from mammoth.js for this reason:

• r:link images are not fetched. Mammoth resolves <a:blip r:link="..."> via fs.readFile on the relationship target, which is attacker-controlled in any user-uploaded scenario and exposes SSRF, local file inclusion, and phar:// deserialisation. elephant-php refuses to load r:link bytes; the path is preserved on the Image node so a transformDocument hook can decide what to do.
• Hyperlinks with javascript: / vbscript: / data: schemes lose their <a> wrapper. The match is case-insensitive and tolerates leading whitespace and control characters (browsers do too). The link text still renders inline; only the executable wrapper is dropped.
• XML with a DOCTYPE declaration is rejected, and loadXML is called with LIBXML_NONET. Combined, this neutralises XXE and billion-laughs attacks: an entity that's never read can't be expanded. Real OOXML files never declare a DOCTYPE.

Always sanitise the produced HTML before injecting it into a page — the library escapes attribute values and text content, but it does not run a full HTML sanitiser, and downstream contexts may have stricter requirements (e.g., CSP that forbids inline <sup>).

Warnings on real-world documents

The following messages are expected and don't indicate malfunctions:

• Unrecognised paragraph style: 'List Paragraph' (Style ID: ListParagraph) — Word applies this to list items; the default style map only covers headings. Add p[style-name='List Paragraph'] => to silence.
• Unrecognised run style: 'FootnoteReference' — same mechanism inside footnotes.xml.
• Image of type image/bmp is unlikely to display in web browsers — informational; the <img> is still emitted.

Development

composer install
composer test     # Pest
composer stan     # PHPStan level 8
composer format   # Laravel Pint

Project guidance and porting conventions live in CLAUDE.md. Limitations and roadmap items vs mammoth in ROADMAP.md. Contributions welcome — see CONTRIBUTING.md.

Attribution

elephant-php is an independent PHP port inspired by mammoth.js by Michael Williamson. It adopts mammoth's core philosophy (extract semantics, not formatting) and style-mapping DSL. It is not affiliated with or endorsed by the mammoth.js project.

License

BSD-2-Clause. Copyright © 2026 Endless Creativity (PHP port) and © 2013 Michael Williamson (mammoth.js, from which this work derives its algorithmic structure and test fixtures).