~FT_PRINTF~

The printf function is a command to display a formatted output string on the standart output. 'Formatted' means that format specifiers, which begin with the % character, indicate the location and method of converting a data element (such as a number) into characters.
Each character is written as output until we reach '%'. When the function finds any format specifier, looks for it and output the same string with the new length of the formatted string. This is possible thanks to the use of variadics functions.

Allowed functions : write, va_start, va_arg, va_list, va_end.

How to ... Printf

You must include first " stdio.h " library.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
	printf("hi, my name is %s, and I'm %i", "Eduardo", 25);
	return ;
}

Here we are passing 29 bytes characters in the first string, the output will be 34. Printf type is int , we are counting everytime how many bytes exist.

- Format specifiers

Character	Description
%	Prints a '%' character.
%c	Prints a character (char).
%s	Prints a null-terminated '\0' string ("str").
%p	Prints the address of a pointer or any other variable. The output is displayed in hexadecimal value. It's a format specifier which is used if we want to print data of type (void *).
%i, %d	Prints an int as a signed integer. %d and %i are synonymous for output (int).
%u	Prints decimal unsigned int.
%x, %X	Prints an unsigned int as a hexadecimal number. x uses lower-case and X uses upper-case letters.

- Variadics functions

Variadics functions are functions that can receive a variable number of arguments.

int	ft_printf(char str, ...)

In this case our ft_printf receive a string as a first argument, and this (...) means that the function has variadic arguments.

What are variadic macros?

•  va_start : Macro used to initialize a 'va_list' object to start accessing the additional arguments from the last fixed argument received by the function. It must be called before using 'va_arg'.

•  va_list : Is a data type used to access the additional arguments of a variadic function. A variable of this type is declared in the function that will receive the variable arguments.

•  va_arg : Macro used to access each additional argument. It takes the 'va_list' object and the data type of the next argument. Each call to 'va_arg' retrieves the next argument in the list.

•  va_end : Macro used to clean up the 'va_list' object when it is no longer needed.

Functions

Printf Functions	Description
ft_funlibft_pf	Edited functions from libft.
ft_printf	Recreates printf function.
ft_strlen	Returns the total lenght of the string.
ft_fillformat_pf	Chooses what type of variable is going to print.

*ft_funlibft_pf functions	Description
ft_putchar_pf	Prints character and increments count .
ft_putnbr_pf	Prints numbers in decimal base. It puts too numbers in hexadecimal base.
ft_putstr_pf	Prints a string.
ft_putptr_pf	Prints a pointer in hexadecimal base, adding "0x" before.