feat: enable block stream write

[zhyass]

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Summary

This PR introduces two main features:

1. Stream Write Functionality: This feature enables the stream write functionality and sets it as the default behavior for writes. Stream writes allow for more efficient and flexible handling of data insertion, especially useful for high-throughput scenarios.

2. Block-Level Statistics: The PR adds support for block-level statistics, including the integration of HyperLogLog (HLL) for distinct count estimation. This allows for more accurate and efficient data analysis at the block level, which can be later aggregated for higher-level statistics (such as segment or table-level).

3. New Table Option - approx_distinct_columns: A new table option approx_distinct_columns is introduced. This option allows users to specify which columns should have HyperLogLog (HLL) statistics for approximate distinct count calculation. By default, all eligible columns are considered for HLL statistics, but this option provides users more control over which columns to track.

root@localhost:8000/default/default> create table t1(a int, b string);

root@localhost:8000/default/default> insert into t1 values(1,'a'),(2,'b');

╭─────────────────────────╮
│ number of rows inserted │
│          UInt64         │
├─────────────────────────┤
│                       2 │
╰─────────────────────────╯
2 rows written in 0.075 sec. Processed 2 rows, 36 B (26.67 rows/s, 480 B/s)

root@localhost:8000/default/default> select * from fuse_block('default', 't1');


╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│    snapshot_id    │     timestamp     │   block_location  │ block_size │ file_size │ row_count │ bloom_filter_loca │ bloom_filter_siz │ inverted_index_s │ ngram_index_size │ vector_index_siz │ virtual_column_s │ block_stats_size │
│       String      │     Timestamp     │       String      │   UInt64   │   UInt64  │   UInt64  │        tion       │         e        │        ize       │ Nullable(UInt64) │         e        │        ize       │      UInt64      │
│                   │                   │                   │            │           │           │  Nullable(String) │      UInt64      │ Nullable(UInt64) │                  │ Nullable(UInt64) │ Nullable(UInt64) │                  │
├───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ '01982733b8b37008 │ 2025-07-20        │ '1/3399/_b/h01982 │         36 │       527 │         2 │ '1/3399/_i_b_v2/0 │              646 │             NULL │             NULL │             NULL │             NULL │               92 │
│ 9f0bf16a62926b13' │ 09:39:17.811000   │ c5a14b37d2fb24eba │            │           │           │ 1982c5a14b37d2fb2 │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │
│                   │                   │ f7bbbdd88f_v2.par │            │           │           │ 4ebaf7bbbdd88f_v4 │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │
│                   │                   │ quet'             │            │           │           │ .parquet'         │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
1 row read in 0.038 sec. Processed 1 row, 253 B (26.32 rows/s, 6.50 KiB/s)

root@localhost:8000/default/default> create table t2(a int, b string) approx_distinct_columns = '';

root@localhost:8000/default/default> insert into t2 values(1,'a'),(2,'b');

╭─────────────────────────╮
│ number of rows inserted │
│          UInt64         │
├─────────────────────────┤
│                       2 │
╰─────────────────────────╯
2 rows written in 0.076 sec. Processed 2 rows, 36 B (26.32 rows/s, 473 B/s)

root@localhost:8000/default/default> select * from fuse_block('default', 't2');

╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│    snapshot_id    │     timestamp     │   block_location  │ block_size │ file_size │ row_count │ bloom_filter_loca │ bloom_filter_siz │ inverted_index_s │ ngram_index_size │ vector_index_siz │ virtual_column_s │ block_stats_size │
│       String      │     Timestamp     │       String      │   UInt64   │   UInt64  │   UInt64  │        tion       │         e        │        ize       │ Nullable(UInt64) │         e        │        ize       │      UInt64      │
│                   │                   │                   │            │           │           │  Nullable(String) │      UInt64      │ Nullable(UInt64) │                  │ Nullable(UInt64) │ Nullable(UInt64) │                  │
├───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ '019827349c3a789d │ 2025-07-20        │ '1/3413/_b/h01982 │         36 │       527 │         2 │ '1/3413/_i_b_v2/0 │              646 │             NULL │             NULL │             NULL │             NULL │                0 │
│ 913e29320ea41411' │ 09:40:16.058000   │ c5af83a7b45a15dcb │            │           │           │ 1982c5af83a7b45a1 │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │
│                   │                   │ bc6ceac701_v2.par │            │           │           │ 5dcbbc6ceac701_v4 │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │
│                   │                   │ quet'             │            │           │           │ .parquet'         │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │                  │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
1 row read in 0.039 sec. Processed 1 row, 253 B (25.64 rows/s, 6.33 KiB/s)

Tests

• Unit Test
• Logic Test
• Benchmark Test
• No Test - Explain why

Type of change

• Bug Fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking Change (fix or feature that could cause existing functionality not to work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Refactoring
• Performance Improvement
• Other (please describe):

---

This change is 

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Docker Image for PR

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Docker Image for PR

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ClickBench Report

• hits: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16338272541/hits.html
• internal: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16338272541/internal.html
• load: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16338272541/load.html
• tpch: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16338272541/tpch.html

[github-actions]

Docker Image for PR

• tag: pr-18285-520c95e-1752832956

note: this image tag is only available for internal use.

[github-actions]

Docker Image for PR

• tag: pr-18285-b7fbc19-1753081489

note: this image tag is only available for internal use.

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ClickBench Report

• hits: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16409784742/hits.html
• internal: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16409784742/internal.html
• load: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16409784742/load.html
• tpch: https://benchmark.databend.com/clickbench/pr/18285/16409784742/tpch.html