Merge branch 'source' of https://github.com/casutton/casutton.github.io…

… into source

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 _site
 .DS_Store
 .jekyll
+.jekyll-cache
 .jekyll-metadata
 .bundle
 vendor

404.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ---
 layout: page
 title: 404 - Page not found
+permalink: /404.html
 ---
 
 Sorry, we can't find that page that you're looking for. You can try again by going [back to the homepage]({{ site.baseurl }}/).

Gemfile.lock

@@ -1,62 +1,64 @@
 GEM
   remote: https://rubygems.org/
   specs:
-    addressable (2.5.2)
-      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 4.0)
+    addressable (2.7.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 5.0)
     colorator (1.1.0)
-    concurrent-ruby (1.1.4)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.1.5)
     em-websocket (0.5.1)
       eventmachine (>= 0.12.9)
       http_parser.rb (~> 0.6.0)
     eventmachine (1.2.7)
-    ffi (1.9.25)
+    ffi (1.12.2)
     forwardable-extended (2.6.0)
     http_parser.rb (0.6.0)
-    i18n (0.9.5)
+    i18n (1.8.2)
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
-    jekyll (3.8.5)
+    jekyll (4.0.0)
       addressable (~> 2.4)
       colorator (~> 1.0)
       em-websocket (~> 0.5)
-      i18n (~> 0.7)
-      jekyll-sass-converter (~> 1.0)
+      i18n (>= 0.9.5, < 2)
+      jekyll-sass-converter (~> 2.0)
       jekyll-watch (~> 2.0)
-      kramdown (~> 1.14)
+      kramdown (~> 2.1)
+      kramdown-parser-gfm (~> 1.0)
       liquid (~> 4.0)
       mercenary (~> 0.3.3)
       pathutil (~> 0.9)
-      rouge (>= 1.7, < 4)
+      rouge (~> 3.0)
       safe_yaml (~> 1.0)
-    jekyll-feed (0.11.0)
-      jekyll (~> 3.3)
+      terminal-table (~> 1.8)
+    jekyll-feed (0.13.0)
+      jekyll (>= 3.7, < 5.0)
     jekyll-paginate (1.1.0)
-    jekyll-sass-converter (1.5.2)
-      sass (~> 3.4)
-    jekyll-sitemap (1.2.0)
-      jekyll (~> 3.3)
-    jekyll-watch (2.1.2)
+    jekyll-sass-converter (2.0.1)
+      sassc (> 2.0.1, < 3.0)
+    jekyll-sitemap (1.4.0)
+      jekyll (>= 3.7, < 5.0)
+    jekyll-watch (2.2.1)
       listen (~> 3.0)
-    kramdown (1.17.0)
-    liquid (4.0.1)
-    listen (3.1.5)
-      rb-fsevent (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.4)
-      rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7)
-      ruby_dep (~> 1.2)
+    kramdown (2.1.0)
+    kramdown-parser-gfm (1.1.0)
+      kramdown (~> 2.0)
+    liquid (4.0.3)
+    listen (3.2.1)
+      rb-fsevent (~> 0.10, >= 0.10.3)
+      rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.10)
     mercenary (0.3.6)
     pathutil (0.16.2)
       forwardable-extended (~> 2.6)
-    public_suffix (3.0.3)
+    public_suffix (4.0.3)
     rb-fsevent (0.10.3)
-    rb-inotify (0.10.0)
+    rb-inotify (0.10.1)
       ffi (~> 1.0)
-    rouge (3.3.0)
-    ruby_dep (1.5.0)
-    safe_yaml (1.0.4)
-    sass (3.7.2)
-      sass-listen (~> 4.0.0)
-    sass-listen (4.0.0)
-      rb-fsevent (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.4)
-      rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7)
+    rouge (3.15.0)
+    safe_yaml (1.0.5)
+    sassc (2.2.1)
+      ffi (~> 1.9)
+    terminal-table (1.8.0)
+      unicode-display_width (~> 1.1, >= 1.1.1)
+    unicode-display_width (1.6.1)
 
 PLATFORMS
   ruby

_posts/2020-02-01-how-to-begin-in-machine-learning.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+layout: post
+title: How do you break into a career in machine learning?
+author: Charles Sutton
+tags:
+- advice
+- questions from readers
+date: 2020-02-01 08:00
+---
+
+I got a question the other day about how to start a career in machine learning.
+I gave the best answer that I could, but I'm not sure that my best was
+very good. Can you help? If so, join the discussion on social media
+(or send me a note privately):
+
+The question was:
+
+> I am currently studying for a master's at [a good university outside
+the United States *-cas*] while working part-time as an NLP research engineer. I would like to ask you for some advice if that was possible.
+>
+> My question is: without having outstanding grades or publications in top AI journals, how could I find my way towards a top Ph.D. program or at least research internship, is there any possibility? I am currently working on deep learning (paid job) and have some Ph.D. offers. Still, I feel that internships at companies like Google or Ph.D. positions at top research centers are impossible without previous experience in a similar place, which is like a snake biting its tail. Except for students with massive GPA scores, which is not my case.
+>
+> I am happy with my current job, but so far, I have just been able to grasp the opportunities that I found, so I am thinking about trying to go abroad. Everything I have found is very applied, and I would like to study more abstract or generic (even exotic) topics, instead of applying existing neural architectures to specific domains.
+
+I wrote:
+
+Lots and lots of applicants to computer science PhD programs want to do machine learning, so admissions is very competitive. I don’t think it’s necessary to have publications to get into a PhD program, although it does help, and the higher you go in the rankings, the more that you need any help that you can get.
+
+I’m not sure that I have better advice than to learn as much as you can, do good work, network with others, and work your way up the prestige ladder. 
+It’s true that going to a very highly ranked school gives you an advantage, but I know very good researchers who did not have very good grades in undergrad, and even if you do your PhD at a lower ranked place, if your work is good, it still can stand out.
+
+And now, a question for my readers (all three of them),
+what do you think?

_sass/_reset.scss

@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ ol, ul {
 }
 blockquote, q {
 	quotes: none;
+	border-left: 2pt solid lightgray; 
+	padding-left: 8pt;
+	margin-left: 8pt;
 }
 blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
 q:before, q:after {