Reading

Princeton block chain lectures: https://piazza.com/princeton/spring2015/btctech/resources

• Lecture 1 — Intro to Crypto and Cryptocurrencies
• Lecture 2 — How Bitcoin Achieves Decentralization
• Lecture 3 — Mechanics of Bitcoin
• Lecture 4 — How to Store and Use Bitcoins

TU based information:

• Blockchain market research
• Blocklab paper
• Lecture notes Distributed Algorithms Read about: Byzantine fault tolerance (read whole 5.3)
• Master thesis of Sjors Hijgenaar - read p46-50 if nothing else
• Satoshi paper

Other articles/papers:

• Very interesting read about Tendermint and PoS problems!
• Paper used for generating energy consumption data

Blockchain technologies:

• Tendermint - a BFT-based PoS design, prefers safety over liveness, used by Sjors, p46: 'BFT algorithms have proven to reach much higher performance (tens of thousands transaction per second) at the cost of scalability. While BFT networks can serve up to thousands of clients, only up to 20 nodes (or servers) can partake in the consensus algorithm [197]. In addition, BFT blockchains are per definition permissioned, requiring the sharing of identities amongst the servers. [...] As a result, cryptocurrencies can remain highly anonymous. However, with electricity grids and other critical infrastructures, malicious behaviour on the underlying blockchain could result in failures on the physical infrastructure. Therefore, it must be possible to hold consensus servers accountable. Moreover, clients/users in the system must be traceable by authorities so taxes on grid use can be collected and trade can be verified with actual consumption and production. The throughput observed in the model is given per 15 minute intervals. Nevertheless, the maximum throughput does not exceed 10,000 transactions per 15 minutes, let alone the tens of thousands per second that is feasible with practical BFT algorithms. Moreover, the maximum throughput in the model was caused by grid sizes in terms of households, exceeding the number of clients coverable by BFT consensus. Therefore, it is assumed that for the timescale of the current system, decentralised trading in smart grids can be facilitated by blockchains based on Byzantine fault tolerance.'

  Graph illustrating the consensus mechanism of Tenderminder

  Tendermint thesis paper

• Blockchain as a service system based on Tendermint

• Cosmos.Network - Planning to launch Q4 2017

• Etherium

  • Casper:
    • Casper the Friendly Ghost is a chain-based PoS design
    • Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget is a hybrid of the two: a BFT-based PoS design and a chain-based PoS design
    • Chain-based Proof-of-Stake simulates Proof-of-Work consensus, in that the protocol assigns the right to commit a single new block to a pseudorandomly-selected validator, where the new block is hash-linked to a parent block of the previously longest chain. Chain-based PoS relies largely on synchronous networks, generally prioritizing availability over consistency. Casper(s) is an adaptation of the core ideas of Tendermint to a setting that prefers liveness over safety.

• Hyperledger-fabric

• Ripple

• Corda

• Iota

• Waves

• Bitshare

• corda

Simulation Agents:

• AnyLogic - software used by Sjors. His agent-based model specification can be found in his thesis, p59