Add key id to passwordprotectedkeyenvelope headers

[quexten]

🎟️ Tracking

📔 Objective

One of the goals of the safe primitives is to make them server validateable. Encrypted objects contain an "encrypted by" key id. Similarly, objects should include the contained key id, so that the server can match these and validate them.

This adds the contained key id to the password protected key envelope. We don't need to consider the backward compatibility case because currently all users are V1 users with AES keys who do not have a key id, and the only use-case is PIN keys.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation
  team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed
  issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[github-actions]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – aeb76459-8600-4c19-89a7-7239ec138835

Great job! No new security vulnerabilities introduced in this pull request

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 95.55556% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 78.01%. Comparing base (cc36132) to head (9074418).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../bitwarden-crypto/src/keys/symmetric_crypto_key.rs	83.33%	1 Missing ⚠️
...crypto/src/safe/password_protected_key_envelope.rs	97.43%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #514      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   77.97%   78.01%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         287      287              
  Lines       27673    27713      +40     
==========================================
+ Hits        21579    21620      +41     
+ Misses       6094     6093       -1     

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