Hello Rust

Install

Play ground

Rust book

Rust by example

Rust reference

# Verify installation
rustc --version
cargo --version

# Run
cargo run --bin hello

# Cloning this repo
git clone [email protected]:t4sk/hello-rust.git
cd hello-rust
cargo build

Intro

• Install cargo
• Hello world
• println!

Data

• Variable
  • Immutable by default
  • let
  • mut
  • Constant
  • Shadowing
  • Type placeholder _
• Scalar types
  • i32, u32, f32, bool, char
  • Type conversion
  • Min and max value
  • Integer overflow
• Compound data types
  • Tuple
    • Destructure, _
    • Empty tuple
    • Nested
  • Array
    • Array - collection of elements with length known at compile time
      • Fill
    • Slice - collection of elements with length not known at compile time
• String
  • r#
  • usize
  • format!
• Enum
  • Option
  • Result
  • derive(Debug, PartialEq)
• Struct
  • Update syntax
  • Struct method (impl)
    • Self, self
    • Associated function (static method)
    • Methods (functions called on a particular instance of type)
• Operators
  • Math
  • Bool
  • Comparison
  • Bitwise

Control flow

• if / else
• loop
  • for and range
  • while
  • returning values from loop
  • usize
  • label
• match
  • match on Option and Result
  • _ to match rest
  • @
• if let and let else

Function

• function
  • no return value
  • return value
  • implicit return
• mod
  • visibility, pub
  • use, super
  • nested
  • struct

Error handling

• error handling
  • panic
  • option
  • result
• expect, unwrap
• ?
• Box<dyn Error>

Ownership

• ownership
  • stack and heap
    • stack (last in, first out)
      • store data with known fixed size
    • heap
      • vec (stack = vec pointer, data = heap)
  • Each value in Rust has an owner.
  • There can only be one owner at a time. (Transfer of ownership for variable assignment)
  • When the owner goes out of scope, the value will be dropped.
• borrow
  • immutable reference
  • mutable reference
  • cannot return ref
  • function
  • slice
    • slice is a reference to an collection so it's always borrowed
  • String and str
  • dereference

Standard collections

• vector
• hash map
• hash set

Trait

• basic
  • trait, impl, default impl
• common traits
  • derive, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Clone
  • Clone and Copy
  • Drop
• trait fn input and output
• super trait +
• fully qualified trait

Generic types

• basic
  • struct, Option, Result, vector, _
    • default G<T = A>
  • function
  • Monomorphization
• method for generic typed struct
• generic traits
• From and Into
• trait bound, +, where
• Sized and ?Sized
• dynamic dispatch
  • dynamic dispatch, dyn, Box<dyn T>
  • trait object
  • Box<dyn Error>
• associated types
  • basic
  • operator overloading
  • iterator
    • vec, array, hashmap
    • counter
    • iter and into_iter, iter_mut
  • iterator adaptors map, filter, collect, fold, enumerate, rev, zip
  • while let
• lifetimes
  • elision
  • static
  • '_

Closure

• Function pointer
• Basic
  • map example
  • difference between func pointer
• Borrow, ownership and move
• Fn, FnMut, FnOnce
• Closure as input and output

Smart pointers

• Box
  • recursive data structure
  • unbox (get value inside box)
  • Box<dyn Error>
• Rc
• RefCell
  • interior mutability
• Strong and weak references
  • Weak

Concurrency

• thread
  • join
  • move
  • return values
• scoped thread
  • auto join
  • borrows
  • return values
• channel
  • send and recv
• Mutex
• Arc
• Send and Sync
• async and await
• Future
• join! and select!
• async Mutex