Build: Add TypeScript version validation

[sirreal]

Description

Provide clear errors due to mismated TypeScript versions. This should help make the transition period from #18942 smoother.

Add validate-typescript-version bin that will be used by lint-staged typechecker and in build:package-types script.

This helps to prevent cryptic errors when an older TypeScript module is present in node_modules and requires updating.

Without this change, lint-staged and npm run build:package-types would print this error:

# npm run build:pacakge-types
> tsc --build

error TS5053: Option 'allowJs' cannot be specified with option 'declaration'.
error TS5053: Option 'declaration' cannot be specified with option 'isolatedModules'.

This is due to an incompatible TypeScript package. With this change, these script will print this error:

$ npm run build:package-types
> node ./bin/packages/validate-typescript-version.js && tsc --build

TypeScript dependency out of date.
        Detected: '3.5.3'
        Required: '3.8.3'
Please ensure dependencies are up to date.

How has this been tested?

git checkout HEAD~3 # `master` branch before TypeScript update
npm ci # install stale TypeScript package
git checkout - # return to branch HEAD
npm run build:package-types # Fails and prints error
npm ci # Get up to date version
npm run build:package-types # Works!

Screenshots

Types of changes

Developer experience improvement. No changelog entry necessary.

Checklist:

• My code is tested.
• My code follows the WordPress code style.
• My code follows the accessibility standards.
• My code has proper inline documentation.
• I've included developer documentation if appropriate.
• I've updated all React Native files affected by any refactorings/renamings in this PR.

[github-actions]

Size Change: +445 B (0%)

Total Size: 856 kB

Filename	Size	Change
build/annotations/index.js	3.45 kB	+1 B
build/block-editor/index.js	102 kB	+341 B (0%)
build/block-editor/style-rtl.css	11 kB	+21 B (0%)
build/block-editor/style.css	11 kB	+20 B (0%)
build/block-library/index.js	110 kB	+17 B (0%)
build/block-library/style-rtl.css	7.49 kB	+15 B (0%)
build/block-library/style.css	7.5 kB	+16 B (0%)
build/blocks/index.js	57.5 kB	-1 B
build/deprecated/index.js	772 B	+1 B
build/edit-post/index.js	91.2 kB	-2 B (0%)
build/edit-site/index.js	6.73 kB	+1 B
build/edit-widgets/index.js	4.43 kB	-1 B
build/editor/editor-styles-rtl.css	423 B	-5 B (1%)
build/editor/editor-styles.css	426 B	-5 B (1%)
build/editor/index.js	42.8 kB	+12 B (0%)
build/keycodes/index.js	1.7 kB	+13 B (0%)
build/plugins/index.js	2.54 kB	+1 B

ℹ️ View Unchanged

Filename	Size	Change
build/a11y/index.js	998 B	0 B
build/api-fetch/index.js	3.39 kB	0 B
build/autop/index.js	2.58 kB	0 B
build/blob/index.js	620 B	0 B
build/block-directory/index.js	6.02 kB	0 B
build/block-directory/style-rtl.css	760 B	0 B
build/block-directory/style.css	760 B	0 B
build/block-library/editor-rtl.css	7.22 kB	0 B
build/block-library/editor.css	7.23 kB	0 B
build/block-library/theme-rtl.css	669 B	0 B
build/block-library/theme.css	671 B	0 B
build/block-serialization-default-parser/index.js	1.65 kB	0 B
build/block-serialization-spec-parser/index.js	3.1 kB	0 B
build/components/index.js	190 kB	0 B
build/components/style-rtl.css	15.8 kB	0 B
build/components/style.css	15.7 kB	0 B
build/compose/index.js	6.21 kB	0 B
build/core-data/index.js	10.6 kB	0 B
build/data-controls/index.js	1.04 kB	0 B
build/data/index.js	8.25 kB	0 B
build/date/index.js	5.37 kB	0 B
build/dom-ready/index.js	568 B	0 B
build/dom/index.js	3.06 kB	0 B
build/edit-post/style-rtl.css	8.43 kB	0 B
build/edit-post/style.css	8.43 kB	0 B
build/edit-site/style-rtl.css	2.91 kB	0 B
build/edit-site/style.css	2.9 kB	0 B
build/edit-widgets/style-rtl.css	2.57 kB	0 B
build/edit-widgets/style.css	2.57 kB	0 B
build/editor/style-rtl.css	3.38 kB	0 B
build/editor/style.css	3.38 kB	0 B
build/element/index.js	4.44 kB	0 B
build/escape-html/index.js	733 B	0 B
build/format-library/index.js	6.95 kB	0 B
build/format-library/style-rtl.css	502 B	0 B
build/format-library/style.css	502 B	0 B
build/hooks/index.js	1.93 kB	0 B
build/html-entities/index.js	622 B	0 B
build/i18n/index.js	3.49 kB	0 B
build/is-shallow-equal/index.js	710 B	0 B
build/keyboard-shortcuts/index.js	2.3 kB	0 B
build/list-reusable-blocks/index.js	2.99 kB	0 B
build/list-reusable-blocks/style-rtl.css	226 B	0 B
build/list-reusable-blocks/style.css	226 B	0 B
build/media-utils/index.js	4.84 kB	0 B
build/notices/index.js	1.57 kB	0 B
build/nux/index.js	3.01 kB	0 B
build/nux/style-rtl.css	616 B	0 B
build/nux/style.css	613 B	0 B
build/primitives/index.js	1.5 kB	0 B
build/priority-queue/index.js	781 B	0 B
build/redux-routine/index.js	2.84 kB	0 B
build/rich-text/index.js	14.5 kB	0 B
build/server-side-render/index.js	2.55 kB	0 B
build/shortcode/index.js	1.7 kB	0 B
build/token-list/index.js	1.28 kB	0 B
build/url/index.js	4.01 kB	0 B
build/viewport/index.js	1.61 kB	0 B
build/warning/index.js	1.14 kB	0 B
build/wordcount/index.js	1.18 kB	0 B

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[aduth]

Kinda makes me wonder if this sort of thing could be generalized for all dependencies. It's quite similar in purpose to the wp-scripts check-engines script as well.