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Fixed the orphan tree, added a less English-focused flavor. (#820)
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dan-zeman committed Sep 14, 2022
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63 changes: 53 additions & 10 deletions _u-dep/conj.md
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Expand Up @@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ cc(went, and)

Coordination may be _asyndetic,_ which means that the coordinating conjunction is omitted.
Commas or other punctuation symbols will delimit the conjuncts in the typical case.
Asyndetic coordination may be more frequent in some languages, while in others, conjunction will appear between every two conjuncts _(John and Mary and Bill)._
Asyndetic coordination may be more frequent in some languages, while in others,
conjunction will appear between every two conjuncts _(John and Mary and Bill)._

~~~ sdparse
Veni , vidi , vici .
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ nsubj(met, He)
nsubj(kissed, she)
~~~

In contrast, the additional dependencies in the enhanced representation
In contrast, the additional dependencies in the [enhanced representation](/u/overview/enhanced-syntax.html)
can be used to encode the fact that in the first case, _he_ is also subject of _kissed:_

~~~ sdparse
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ Consider coordinations
* (A, B), C
* A, (B, C)

The first two cases, i.e. (A, B, C) and ((A, B), C), lead to the same tree:
The first two cases, i.e., (A, B, C) and ((A, B), C), lead to the same tree:

~~~ sdparse
A B C
Expand All @@ -137,32 +138,74 @@ conj(A, B)

### _Etc._

The item _etc._, used as a set-expander—especially in coordinations after at least two other items, and typically not preceded by a conjunction (though _and etc._ is attested)—is treated as a [NOUN]() and final conjunct. Its distribution is, however, atypical of nouns in that it is restricted to enumeration contexts, does not permit modification except by reduplication, and may be post-coordinated with things that are not nominals.
The item _etc._, used as a set-expander—especially in coordinations after at least two other items,
and typically not preceded by a conjunction (though _and etc._ is attested in English)—is treated
as a [NOUN]() and final conjunct. Its distribution is, however, atypical of nouns in that it is
restricted to enumeration contexts, does not permit modification except by reduplication, and may
be post-coordinated with things that are not nominals. Note that this guideline applies to English
and other languages that borrowed the string _etc._ from Latin. The situation may be different in
languages that have their own equivalent of _etc._ For example, German _usw. (und so weiter)_ and
Czech _atd. (a tak dále)_, both meaning literally “and so further”, are [ADV]() rather than `NOUN`,
because their main element is an adverb; yet they are still attached as [conj]() to the head of
the preceding list or coordination.

<div id="etc1" class="sd-parse">
We have apples/NOUN , pears/NOUN , etc./NOUN
nsubj(have, We)
obj(have, apples)
conj(apples, pears)
conj(apples, etc.)
punct(pears, ,-4)
punct(etc., ,-6)
</div>

<div id="usw1" class="sd-parse">
nur ein paar Minuten Fußmarsch zu Fisherman/PROPN 's Wharf , Lombard/PROPN Street , usw/ADV ...
advmod(Minuten, nur)
det(paar, ein)
det(Minuten, paar)
nmod(Minuten, Fußmarsch)
case(Fisherman, zu)
flat(Fisherman, 's)
flat(Fisherman, Wharf)
conj(Fisherman, Lombard)
punct(Lombard, ,-10)
flat(Lombard, Street)
conj(Fisherman, usw)
punct(usw, ,-13)
punct(Minuten, ...)
</div>

<div id="etc2" class="sd-parse">
People were running/VERB , jumping/VERB , dancing/VERB , etc./NOUN all around us .
nsubj(running, People)
aux(running, were)
conj(running, jumping)
conj(running, dancing)
conj(running, etc.)
punct(jumping, ,-4)
punct(dancing, ,-6)
punct(etc., ,-8)
obl(running, us)
case(us, around)
punct(running, .)
</div>

<div id="etc3" class="sd-parse">
They gave Amy an apple , Bob a banana , Carl a carrot , etc./NOUN
conj(Amy, Bob)
conj(Amy, Carl)
conj(Amy, etc.)
orphan(Amy, apple)
orphan(Bob, banana)
orphan(Carl, carrot)
nsubj(gave, They)
iobj(gave, Amy)
obj(gave, apple)
conj(gave, banana)
conj(gave, carrot)
conj(gave, etc.)
orphan(banana, Bob)
orphan(carrot, Carl)
det(apple, an)
det(banana, a-8)
det(carrot, a-12)
punct(banana, ,-6)
punct(carrot, ,-10)
</div>

<div id="etc4" class="sd-parse">
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions _u-pos/ADV.md
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Expand Up @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ either [VERB]() or `ADV`.
- indefinite adverbs: _somewhere, sometime, anywhere, anytime_
- totality adverbs: _everywhere, always_
- negative adverbs: _nowhere, never_
- [de] _usw._ “etc.” (see [conj]())

### References

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