SLCORE-2193 Apply renovate version bumps

[nquinquenel]

Skipped (major version bumps / risky):

• All renovate/major-* PRs (JUnit v6, Flyway v12, Spring v7, slf4j v2 upgrade, Kotlin v2, LSP4J v1, JGit6→v7, etc.)
• fix(deps): update dependency org.sonarsource.sonarlint.core:sonarlint-core-parent to v10.47.0.84837 #1784 (sonarlint-core-parent) — would replace 10.46-SNAPSHOT with a published release across all sub-modules
• chore(deps): update dependency com.google.guava:guava to v33 #1847 (guava in medium-tests) — changes a test artifact from 10.0.1 to 33.5.0, which looks intentional
• chore(deps): update actions/checkout action to v6 #1844, chore(deps): update actions/upload-artifact action to v7 #1845, chore(deps): update dependency java to v25 #1848, chore(deps): update dependency org.sonarsource.javascript:sonar-javascript-plugin to v12 #1850, chore(deps): update dependency org.sonarsource.sonarqube:sonar-testing-harness to v26 #1851, chore(deps): update jdx/mise-action action to v3 #1852, chore(deps): update node.js to v24 #1853, chore(deps): update peter-evans/create-pull-request action to v8 #1854 — other explicit major upgrades (checkout v6, upload-artifact v7, Java v25, JS plugin v12, sonar-testing-harness v26, mise-action v3, Node v24, create-pull-request v8)

[hashicorp-vault-sonar-prod]

SLCORE-2193