[Feature] Authorized Proving for Public Transfers

[iamalwaysuncomfortable]

Motivation

This PR adds the ability to authorize public transfers and delegate the proving to the Aleo Network. This extremely short client-side proving times by enabling delegation of compute-heavy proof computations to the Aleo Network. This is only enabled for public transfers as all information in public transfers is posted as public knowledge on the Aleo blockchain.

Note: This does not integrate this functionality into Aleo.tools. This requires a proper UI design and will be worked in later.

Test Plan

• Prior to this PR being integrated, in-wasm tests & client-side integration tests will be enabled to ensure that the proving works.

[Pauan]

LGTM, except for a minor nitpick about serde.

[Pauan]

Instead of manually implementing Serialize/Deserialize, it would be better to use attributes to control the serialization:

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub(crate) struct Authorized {
    /// The authorization for the main function execution.
    function: AuthorizationNative,

    /// The authorization for the fee execution.
    #[serde(default)]
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    fee: Option<AuthorizationNative>,

    /// Whether to broadcast the transaction.
    broadcast: bool,
}

[iamalwaysuncomfortable]

Yep you're %100 right

[collinc97]

Replace "delegate" -> "authorize"

[shresthagrawal]

Is it possible to extend this PR to support proof delegation for arbitrary function calls with public inputs?