Reorganized Backends Docs Page

.github/workflows/config/spelling_allowlist.txt

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ SLED
 SLES
 SLURM
 SVD
+Sqale
 Stim
 Superpositions
 Superstaq

docs/sphinx/applications/python/vqe_advanced.ipynb

@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "Now, run the code again (the three previous cells) and specify `num_qpus` to be more than one if you have access to multiple GPUs and notice resulting speedup.  Thanks to CUDA-Q, this code could be used without modification in a setting where multiple physical QPUs were availible."
+    "Now, run the code again (the three previous cells) and specify `num_qpus` to be more than one if you have access to multiple GPUs and notice resulting speedup.  Thanks to CUDA-Q, this code could be used without modification in a setting where multiple physical QPUs were available."
    ]
   },
   {

docs/sphinx/index.rst

@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ You are browsing the documentation for |version| version of CUDA-Q. You can find
       Other Versions <versions.rst>
 
 .. |---|   unicode:: U+2014 .. EM DASH
-   :trim:
+   :trim:

docs/sphinx/using/backends/backends.rst

@@ -1,41 +1,29 @@
+*************************
 CUDA-Q Backends
-**********************
+*************************
+The CUDA-Q platform has is a powerful tool with many different backends for running hybrid quantum applications and other simulations.  This page will help you understand what backends are available and what the best choices are for your purpose. 
+
+The figure below groups the backends into four categories, and described the general purpose for each.  See the following sections for a breakdown of the backends included in each section.
+
+.. image:: backends.png
+   :width: 1000
+
+Click on the links below for each category to learn more about the backends it contains.  the list below also covers all of the backends available in CUDA-Q.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 3
+
+        Circuit Simulation <simulators.rst>
+        Quantum Hardware (QPUs) <hardware.rst>
 
 .. toctree::
-   :caption: Backend Targets
    :maxdepth: 1
+
+        Dynamics Simulation <dynamics.rst>
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+        Cloud  <cloud.rst>
+
 
-      Simulation <simulators.rst>
-      Quantum Hardware <hardware.rst>
-      NVIDIA Quantum Cloud <nvqc.rst>
-      Multi-Processor Platforms <platform.rst>
-
-**The following is a comprehensive list of the available targets in CUDA-Q:**
-
-* :ref:`anyon <anyon-backend>`
-* :ref:`braket <braket-backend>`
-* :ref:`density-matrix-cpu <default-simulator>`
-* :ref:`fermioniq <fermioniq-backend>`
-* :ref:`infleqtion <infleqtion-backend>`
-* :ref:`ionq <ionq-backend>`
-* :ref:`iqm <iqm-backend>`
-* :ref:`nvidia <nvidia-backend>`
-* :ref:`nvidia-fp64 <nvidia-fp64-backend>`
-* :ref:`nvidia-mgpu <nvidia-mgpu-backend>`
-* :ref:`nvidia-mqpu <mqpu-platform>`
-* :ref:`nvidia-mqpu-fp64 <mqpu-platform>`
-* :doc:`nvqc <nvqc>`
-* :ref:`oqc <oqc-backend>`
-* :ref:`orca <orca-backend>`
-* :ref:`qpp-cpu <qpp-cpu-backend>`
-* :ref:`quantinuum <quantinuum-backend>`
-* :ref:`quera <quera-backend>`
-* :ref:`remote-mqpu <mqpu-platform>`
-* :ref:`stim <stim-backend>`
-* :ref:`tensornet <tensor-backends>`
-* :ref:`tensornet-mps <tensor-backends>`
-
-.. deprecated:: 0.8
-   The `nvidia-fp64`, `nvidia-mgpu`, `nvidia-mqpu`, and `nvidia-mqpu-fp64` targets can be
-   enabled as extensions of the unified `nvidia` target (see `nvidia` :ref:`target documentation <nvidia-backend>`).
-   These target names might be removed in a future release.

docs/sphinx/using/backends/cloud.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+CUDA-Q Cloud Backends
+***************************************
+CUDA-Q provides a number of options to access hardware resources (GPUs and QPUs) through the cloud. Such options provide users with more flexible access to simulation and hardware resources. See the links below for more information on running CUDA-Q with cloud resources.
+
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+        Amazon Braket (braket) <cloud/braket.rst>
+        NVIDIA Quantum Cloud (nvqc) <cloud/nvqc.rst>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

docs/sphinx/using/backends/cloud/braket.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+Amazon Braket
+================
+
+Amazon Braket
+++++++++++++++
+
+.. _braket-backend:
+
+`Amazon Braket <https://aws.amazon.com/braket/>`__ is a fully managed AWS 
+service which provides Jupyter notebook environments, high-performance quantum 
+circuit simulators, and secure, on-demand access to various quantum computers.
+To get started users must enable Amazon Braket in their AWS account by following 
+`these instructions <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/braket/latest/developerguide/braket-enable-overview.html>`__.
+To learn more about Amazon Braket, you can view the `Amazon Braket Documentation <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/braket/>`__ 
+and `Amazon Braket Examples <https://github.com/amazon-braket/amazon-braket-examples>`__.
+A list of available devices and regions can be found `here <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/braket/latest/developerguide/braket-devices.html>`__. 
+
+Users can run CUDA-Q programs on Amazon Braket with `Hybrid Job <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/braket/latest/developerguide/braket-what-is-hybrid-job.html>`__.
+See `this guide <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/braket/latest/developerguide/braket-jobs-first.html>`__ to get started.
+
+Setting Credentials
+```````````````````
+
+After enabling Amazon Braket in AWS, set credentials using any of the documented `methods <https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/credentials.html>`__.
+One of the simplest ways is to use `AWS CLI <https://aws.amazon.com/cli/>`__.
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+    aws configure
+
+Alternatively, users can set the following environment variables.
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+  export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="<region>"
+  export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="<key_id>"
+  export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="<access_key>"
+  export AWS_SESSION_TOKEN="<token>"
+
+Submission from C++
+`````````````````````````
+
+To target quantum kernel code for execution in Amazon Braket,
+pass the flag ``--target braket`` to the ``nvq++`` compiler.
+By default jobs are submitted to the state vector simulator, `SV1`.
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+    nvq++ --target braket src.cpp
+
+
+To execute your kernels on different device, pass the ``--braket-machine`` flag to the ``nvq++`` compiler
+to specify which machine to submit quantum kernels to:
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+    nvq++ --target braket --braket-machine "arn:aws:braket:eu-north-1::device/qpu/iqm/Garnet" src.cpp ...
+
+where ``arn:aws:braket:eu-north-1::device/qpu/iqm/Garnet`` refers to IQM Garnet QPU.
+
+To emulate the device locally, without submitting through the cloud,
+you can also pass the ``--emulate`` flag to ``nvq++``. 
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+    nvq++ --emulate --target braket src.cpp
+
+To see a complete example for using Amazon Braket backends, take a look at our :doc:`C++ examples <../examples/examples>`.
+
+Submission from Python
+`````````````````````````
+
+The target to which quantum kernels are submitted 
+can be controlled with the ``cudaq::set_target()`` function.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    cudaq.set_target("braket")
+
+By default, jobs are submitted to the state vector simulator, `SV1`.
+
+To specify which Amazon Braket device to use, set the :code:`machine` parameter.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    device_arn = "arn:aws:braket:eu-north-1::device/qpu/iqm/Garnet"
+    cudaq.set_target("braket", machine=device_arn)
+
+where ``arn:aws:braket:eu-north-1::device/qpu/iqm/Garnet`` refers to IQM Garnet QPU.
+
+To emulate the device locally, without submitting through the cloud,
+you can also set the ``emulate`` flag to ``True``.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    cudaq.set_target("braket", emulate=True)
+
+The number of shots for a kernel execution can be set through the ``shots_count``
+argument to ``cudaq.sample``. By default, the ``shots_count`` is set to 1000.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    cudaq.sample(kernel, shots_count=100)
+
+To see a complete example for using Amazon Braket backends, take a look at our :doc:`Python examples <../examples/examples>`.
+
+.. note:: 
+
+    The ``cudaq.observe`` API is not yet supported on the `braket` target.
+
+
+

docs/sphinx/using/backends/nvqc.rst → docs/sphinx/using/backends/cloud/nvqc.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 NVIDIA Quantum Cloud
----------------------
++++++++++++++++++++++
+
 NVIDIA Quantum Cloud (NVQC) offers universal access to the world’s most powerful computing platform, 
 for every quantum researcher to do their life’s work.
 To learn more about NVQC visit this `link <https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/solutions/quantum-computing/cloud>`__. 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ Apply for early access `here <https://developer.nvidia.com/quantum-cloud-early-a
 Access to the Quantum Cloud early access program requires an NVIDIA Developer account.
 
 Quick Start
-+++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^
 Once you have been approved for an early access to NVQC, you will be able to follow these instructions to use it.
 
 1. Follow the instructions in your NVQC Early Access welcome email to obtain an API Key for NVQC. 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ By selecting the `nvqc` target, the quantum circuit simulation will run on NVQC
 
 .. tab:: Python
 
-    .. literalinclude:: ../../snippets/python/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_intro.py
+    .. literalinclude:: ../../../snippets/python/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_intro.py
         :language: python
         :start-after: [Begin Documentation]
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ By selecting the `nvqc` target, the quantum circuit simulation will run on NVQC
 
 .. tab:: C++
 
-    .. literalinclude:: ../../snippets/cpp/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_intro.cpp
+    .. literalinclude:: ../../../snippets/cpp/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_intro.cpp
         :language: cpp
         :start-after: [Begin Documentation]
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ By selecting the `nvqc` target, the quantum circuit simulation will run on NVQC
 
 
 Simulator Backend Selection
-++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 NVQC hosts all CUDA-Q simulator backends (see :doc:`simulators`). 
 You may use the NVQC `backend` (Python) or `--nvqc-backend` (C++) option to select the simulator to be used by the service.
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ For example, to request the `tensornet` simulator backend, the user can do the f
   By default, the single-GPU single-precision `custatevec-fp32` simulator backend will be selected if backend information is not specified.
 
 Multiple GPUs
-+++++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Some CUDA-Q simulator backends are capable of multi-GPU distribution as detailed in :doc:`simulators`.
 For example, the `nvidia-mgpu` backend can partition and distribute state vector simulation to multiple GPUs to simulate 
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ To select a specific number of GPUs on the NVQC managed service, the following `
 
 
 Multiple QPUs Asynchronous Execution
-+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 NVQC provides scalable QPU virtualization services, whereby clients
 can submit asynchronous jobs simultaneously to NVQC. These jobs are
@@ -202,13 +203,13 @@ calculating the expectation value along with parameter-shift gradients simultane
 
 .. tab:: Python
 
-    .. literalinclude:: ../../snippets/python/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_mqpu.py
+    .. literalinclude:: ../../../snippets/python/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_mqpu.py
         :language: python
         :start-after: [Begin Documentation]
 
 .. tab:: C++
 
-    .. literalinclude:: ../../snippets/cpp/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_mqpu.cpp
+    .. literalinclude:: ../../../snippets/cpp/using/cudaq/nvqc/nvqc_mqpu.cpp
         :language: cpp
         :start-after: [Begin Documentation]
 
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ calculating the expectation value along with parameter-shift gradients simultane
     multi-QPU distribution may not deliver any substantial speedup.  
 
 FAQ
-++++
+^^^^^
 
 1. How do I get more information about my NVQC API submission?
 

docs/sphinx/using/backends/dynamics.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-CUDA-Q Dynamics 
-*********************************
+Dynamics Simulation 
++++++++++++++++++++++
 
 CUDA-Q enables the design, simulation and execution of quantum dynamics via 
 the ``evolve`` API. Specifically, this API allows us to solve the time evolution 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ backend target, which is based on the cuQuantum library, optimized for performan
 on NVIDIA GPU.
 
 Quick Start
-+++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 In the example below, we demonstrate a simple time evolution simulation workflow comprising of the 
 following steps:
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Examples that illustrate how to use the ``dynamics`` target are available
 in the `CUDA-Q repository <https://github.com/NVIDIA/cuda-quantum/tree/main/docs/sphinx/examples/python/dynamics>`__. 
 
 Operator
-+++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. _operators:
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ The latter is specified by the dimension map that is provided to the `cudaq.evol
 
 
 Time-Dependent Dynamics
-++++++++++++++++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. _time_dependent:
 
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ the desired value for each parameter:
         :end-before: [End Schedule2]
 
 Numerical Integrators
-++++++++++++++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. _integrators:
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ backend target.
     using their Docker images.
 
 Multi-GPU Multi-Node Execution
-+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. _cudensitymat_mgmn:
 
@@ -316,3 +316,4 @@ Specifically, it will detect the number of processes (GPUs) and distribute the c
     - Computing the expectation value of a mixed quantum state is not supported. Thus, `collapse_operators` are not supported if expectation calculation is required.
 
     - Some combinations of quantum states and quantum many-body operators are not supported. Errors will be raised in those cases. 
+