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[//]: # (title: Get started with Kotlin serialization) | ||
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[Serialization](serialization.md) converts objects into a format that can be stored or transmitted and later reconstructed. | ||
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This tutorial shows you how to add the necessary plugins and dependencies for Kotlin serialization and how to serialize and deserialize objects in JSON format. | ||
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## Add plugins and dependencies for Kotlin serialization | ||
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To include the `kotlinx.serialization` library in your project, add the corresponding plugin and dependency configuration based on your build tool. | ||
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> To set up the Kotlin compiler plugin for Bazel, see the example provided in the [rules_kotlin repository](https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_kotlin/tree/master/examples/plugin/src/serialization). | ||
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> | ||
{style="tip"} | ||
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### Gradle | ||
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Add the following dependency to your `build.gradle(.kts)` file: | ||
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<tabs> | ||
<tab id="kotlin" title="Kotlin"> | ||
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```kotlin | ||
// build.gradle.kts | ||
plugins { | ||
kotlin("plugin.serialization") version "%kotlinVersion%" | ||
} | ||
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dependencies { | ||
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%") | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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</tab> | ||
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<tab id="groovy" title="Groovy"> | ||
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```groovy | ||
// build.gradle | ||
plugins { | ||
id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.serialization' version '%kotlinVersion%' | ||
} | ||
dependencies { | ||
implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%' | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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</tab> | ||
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</tabs> | ||
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### Maven | ||
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Add the serialization plugin and library to your `pom.xml` file: | ||
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1. Specify the Kotlin and serialization version in the `<properties>` section: | ||
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```xml | ||
<properties> | ||
<kotlin.version>%kotlinVersion%</kotlin.version> | ||
<serialization.version>%serializationVersion%</serialization.version> | ||
</properties> | ||
``` | ||
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2. Add the Kotlin serialization Maven plugin to the `<build>` section: | ||
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```xml | ||
<build> | ||
<plugins> | ||
<plugin> | ||
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId> | ||
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId> | ||
<version>${kotlin.version}</version> | ||
<executions> | ||
<execution> | ||
<id>compile</id> | ||
<phase>compile</phase> | ||
<goals> | ||
<goal>compile</goal> | ||
</goals> | ||
</execution> | ||
</executions> | ||
<configuration> | ||
<compilerPlugins> | ||
<plugin>kotlinx-serialization</plugin> | ||
</compilerPlugins> | ||
</configuration> | ||
<dependencies> | ||
<dependency> | ||
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId> | ||
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-serialization</artifactId> | ||
<version>${kotlin.version}</version> | ||
</dependency> | ||
</dependencies> | ||
</plugin> | ||
</plugins> | ||
</build> | ||
``` | ||
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3. Add the JSON serialization library dependency to the `<dependencies>` section: | ||
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```xml | ||
<dependencies> | ||
<dependency> | ||
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId> | ||
<artifactId>kotlinx-serialization-json</artifactId> | ||
<version>${serialization.version}</version> | ||
</dependency> | ||
</dependencies> | ||
``` | ||
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### Add the Kotlin serialization library to a multiplatform project | ||
There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. We also mention Proguard rules (specific for Android) in the README.md. Do you plan to add them here? There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. good question 🤔 There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. I think it's a bad idea. It is not always related to custom serializer, regular There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. Fair point — thank you for the context — I added it as a collapsible section then! 👍 |
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To use Kotlin serialization in multiplatform projects, add the JSON serialization library dependency to your common source set: | ||
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```kotlin | ||
commonMain { | ||
dependencies { | ||
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%") | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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## Serialize objects to JSON | ||
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In Kotlin, you can serialize objects to JSON using the `kotlinx.serialization` library. | ||
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To make a class serializable, you need to mark it with the [`@Serializable`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-core/kotlinx.serialization/-serializable/) annotation. | ||
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This annotation instructs the compiler to generate the code required for serializing and deserializing instances of the class. | ||
For more information, see [The @Serialization annotation](serialization-customization-options.md#the-serializable-annotation). | ||
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Let's look at an example: | ||
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1. Import declarations from the necessary serialization libraries: | ||
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```kotlin | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
``` | ||
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2. Make a class serializable by annotating it with `@Serializable`: | ||
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```kotlin | ||
@Serializable | ||
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
``` | ||
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> The `@Serializable` annotation enables default serialization of all properties with backing fields. | ||
> You can customize serialization behavior with property-level annotations, optional properties, and more. | ||
> | ||
> For more information, see [Serialize classes](serialization-customization-options.md). | ||
> | ||
{style="note"} | ||
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3. Use the [`Json.encodeToString()`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-json/kotlinx.serialization.json/-json/encode-to-string.html) function to serialize an instance of this class: | ||
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```kotlin | ||
// Imports declarations from the serialization and JSON handling libraries | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
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// Marks the Data class as serializable | ||
@Serializable | ||
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
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fun main() { | ||
// Serializes an instance of the Data class into a JSON string | ||
val json = Json.encodeToString(Data(42, "str")) | ||
println(json) | ||
// {"a":42,"b":"str"} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
{kotlin-runnable="true"} | ||
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As a result, you get a string containing the state of this object in JSON format: `{"a":42,"b":"str"}` | ||
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> You can also serialize a collection of objects in a single call: | ||
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> ```kotlin | ||
> val dataList = listOf(Data(42, "str"), Data(12, "test")) | ||
> val jsonList = Json.encodeToString(dataList) | ||
> ``` | ||
> | ||
{style="tip"} | ||
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## Deserialize objects from JSON | ||
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Deserialization converts a JSON string back into an object. | ||
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To deserialize an object from JSON in Kotlin: | ||
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1. Import declarations from the necessary serialization libraries: | ||
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```kotlin | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
``` | ||
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2. Make a class serializable by annotating it with `@Serializable`: | ||
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```kotlin | ||
@Serializable | ||
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
``` | ||
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3. Use the [`Json.decodeFromString()`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-json/kotlinx.serialization.json/-json/decode-from-string.html) function to deserialize an object from JSON: | ||
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```kotlin | ||
// Imports declarations from the serialization and JSON handling libraries | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
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// Marks the Data class as serializable | ||
@Serializable | ||
data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
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fun main() { | ||
// Deserializes a JSON string into an instance of the Data class | ||
val obj = Json.decodeFromString<Data>("""{"a":42, "b": "str"}""") | ||
println(obj) | ||
// Data(a=42, b=str) | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
{kotlin-runnable="true"} | ||
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Congratulations! You have successfully serialized an object to JSON and deserialized it back into an object in Kotlin! | ||
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## What's next | ||
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* Learn how to serialize standard types, including built-in types like numbers and strings, in [Serialize built-in types](serialization-serialize-builtin-types.md). | ||
* Discover how to customize class serialization and adjust the default behavior of the `@Serializable` annotation in the [Serialize classes](serialization-customization-options.md) section. | ||
* Dive deeper into handling JSON data and configuring JSON serialization in the [JSON serialization overview](configure-json-serialization.md). |
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