doi2022.html

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        <title>Convenience and speed with GRASS GIS 8.0 and 8.2</title>

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        <meta name="author" content="Vaclav Petras">

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<!--
GRASS GIS version 8.0 completely revamps the first-time user experience and brings centralized data management.
Version 8.2 adds an opt-in single-window graphical user interface, grass.jupyter package for better integration with Jupyter Notebooks,
and a set of parallelized tools for raster series statistics, neighborhood filtering, and topography computations.
Add-ons now include tools for import of Sentinel, MODIS, USGS TNM, and more. The talk will include updates about features and the project itself.
-->


<section>
    
    <h1>Convenience and Speed with GRASS GIS 8.0 and 8.2</h1>
    <p style="margin-top: 0.5em">
        <a href="http://wenzeslaus.github.io/" style="font-weight: bold">
            Vaclav (Vashek) Petras
        </a>
    </p>
    <p class="title-foot">
        <a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/geoforall/" title="NCSU GeoForAll Lab">NCSU GeoForAll Lab</a>
        at the
        <a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/" title="NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics">Center for Geospatial Analytics</a>
        <br>
        <a href="http://www.ncsu.edu/" title="North Carolina State University">NC State University</a>
    </p>
    <img src="img/grass_gis.svg" class="stretch">
    <p><small>May 26, 2022</small></p>
    <p>
        <a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks/doi2022.html">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks</a>
</section>


<section class="textimg">
<h2>Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</h2>
<ul>
    <li>Geospatial Research Software Engineer at NC State
    <li>BS &amp; MS in Geoinformatics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czechia
    <li>PhD in Geospatial Analytics, NC State
    <li>GRASS GIS: Development Team, Project Steering Committee
    <li>OSGeo: Charter Member
</ul>
<img src="img/cli_tangible.png">
</section>

<section>
    <h2>Community</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>
            Open community of users and contributors
            <ul>
                <li>Affiliations: industry, academia, government</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li>Contributions: code, documentation, free support, &hellip;</li>
        <li>
            Project Steering Committee
            <ul>
                <li>PSC Chair: Verónica Andreo <small>(since February 2021)</small></li>
            </ul>
    </ul>
    <br>
    <img src="img/psc_meeting_2021.png" class="stretch">
    <p><em>Credit goes to the whole community, not just this talk's author.</em></p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>General Features</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Open-source and directly user-driven development</li>
        <li>
            Processing tools:
            <b>400+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/manuals/full_index.html">in core</a>,
            <b>400+</b> <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/manuals/addons/">addons</a></li>
        <li>Interfaces: graphical, command line, Python, C</li>
        <li>3rd party interfaces: actinia (REST API), R, QGIS, OGC WPS</li>
        <li>Innovation with Stability &amp; All-in-one Software Suite
    </ul>
    <img src="img/gui_pink_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
</section>

<section>
    <h2>Long-term Benefits</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>
            Individuals:
            <ul>
                <li>Emphasis on backwards compatibility.</li>
                <ul>
                    <li>Old commands, often work in new versions with minimal changes.</li>
                </ul>
                <li>Employer-independent.</li>
                <li><em>Learn once, use forever.</em></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li>
            Organizations:
            <ul>
                <li>No usage license fees.</li>
                <li>Provider-independent, contractor-independent.</li>
                <li>Financial investments go to a public pool.</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
    <br>
    <img src="img/modeler_skyview.png" class="stretch">
</section>

<section>
    <h2>Roadmap</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>
            7.8.7, Feb 23, 2022
            <small>Stability and fixes.</small>
        </li>
        <li>
            8.0.0, Feb 21, 2022
            <small>New startup, data management.</small>
        </li>
        <li>
            8.0.2, May 12, 2022
            <small>Stability and fixes.</small>
        </li>
        <li>
            8.2.0 Release Candidate 2, May 24, 2022
            <small>Available for testing.</small>
        </li>
        <li>
            8.2.0, June 2022
            <small>Jupyter, parallel r.neighbors, &hellip;</small>
        </li>
        <!--
        <li>
            8.3.0, Spring 2023
            <small>Single window interface as the default.</small>
        </li>
        -->
    </ul>
    <p><small>
        major.minor.micro &ndash;
        micro (x.y.z) brings fixes,
        minor (x.y) brings features,
        major (x) brings features and possibly backward incompatible changes
    </small></p>
    <br>
    <img src="img/splash_screen.png" class="stretch">
    <p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>


<section>
    <h1>Convenience Improvements</h1>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>First-time User Experience</h2>
    Initial project sets up automatically and suggestions for next steps are provided.
    <br>
    <img src="img/first-time_user_world.png" class="stretch">
    <p>
        by Linda Kladivova &amp;
        rest of the community (many reviews, video calls, user surveys, &hellip;)
    </p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>No Startup Screen</h2>
    <img src="img/grass_startup_gone.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Centralized Data Management</h2>
    All data manipulation centered around revamped <em>Data</em> tab.
    <br>
    <img src="img/data_catalog_isolines.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Linda Kladivova, Anna Petrasova, Vaclav Petras
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Single-Window GUI</h2>
    <p>
        One window with optimized layout.
    </p>
    <img src="img/single_window_8.2_dark.png" class="stretch">
    <p>Opt-in preview in 8.2: <em>Settings &gt; Preferences &gt; General</em></p>
    <p>by Linda Kladivova</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Notebooks: Mix of text, code, results, images, &hellip;</li>
        <li>Usage: Prototyping, reproducibility, tutorials, &hellip;</li>
        <li>Now in GRASS GIS: Python functions for easy integration</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/jupyter_text_images_3d.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Caitlin Haedrich</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
    <p>
        Web map with base maps, zooming, customizations, &hellip;
    </p>
    <img src="img/jupyter_interactive_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
    <p>
        <a href="https://tinyurl.com/grass-rc2">tinyurl.com/grass-rc2</a>
    </p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
    <p>
        Time-series visualization
    </p>
    <img src="img/jupyter_timeseries_viewshed.gif" class="stretch">
    <p>
        <a href="https://tinyurl.com/grass-rc2">tinyurl.com/grass-rc2</a>
    </p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Integration with Jupyter Notebooks</h2>
    <p>
        3D visualization
    </p>
    <img src="img/jupyter_3d_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
    <p>
        <a href="https://tinyurl.com/grass-rc2">tinyurl.com/grass-rc2</a>
    </p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Semantic Labels for Rasters</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>
            attach a labels to raster maps
            <small>(e.g., <code>S2_1</code> or <code>red</code>)</small>
            <ul>
                <li>image classification can use sematic labels to identify bands</li>
                <li>different scenes can then be classified if semantic labels are the same</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li>
            organize bands within one spatio-temporal dataset
        </li>
    </ul>
    <br>
    <img src="img/i_superpixels_slic_ndvi.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Maris Nartiss, Martin Landa, Markus Metz</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Docker Containers</h2>
    <br>
    <ul>
        <li>Different flavours</li>
        <li>Built and updated automatically</li>
        <li>For all branches and tags</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/grass_docker.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
    <h2>actinia</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>REST API</li>
        <li>3rd party project, open source</li>
        <li><a href="https://github.com/mundialis/actinia_core">github.com/mundialis/actinia_core</a></li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/actinia_logo.svg" class="stretch">
    <small>by Markus Neteler, Carmen Tawalika, Anika Weinmann, &hellip;</small>
    <p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>


<section>
    <h1>Speed Improvements</h1>
</section>

<section>
    <h2>Multi-threading with OpenMP</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>More tasks done in parallel in the same tool</li>
        <li><code>nprocs</code> specifies number of cores (processes, threads)</li>
        <li><code>memory</code> specifies RAM in MB</li>
        <li><em>Performance</em> section in documentation describes the behavior</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/openmp_r_series_section.png" class="stretch">
</section>

<section>
    <h2>r.series (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
    <p>
        Cell value is a function of the corresponding cells in the inputs.
    </p>
    <p>
        <img src="img/r_series_average_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
    </p>
    <img src="img/openmp_r_series.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>r.neighbors (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
    <p>
        Cell value is a function of the cells around it.
    </p>
    <p>
        <img src="img/r_neighbors_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
    </p>
    <img src="img/openmp_r_neighbors.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>r.mfilter (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
    <p>
        Cell value is a function of the cells around it.
    </p>
    <p>
        <img src="img/r_mfilter_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
    </p>
    <img src="img/openmp_r_mfilter.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>r.slope.aspect (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
    <p>
        Slope, aspect, and other derivatives of an elevation raster.
    </p>
    <p>
        <img src="img/r_slope_aspect.png" style="height: 7ex">
    </p>
    <img src="img/openmp_r_slope_aspect.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>r.patch (OpenMP parallel)</h2>
    <p>
        Mosaic multiple rasters into one.
    </p>
    <p>
        <img src="img/r_patch_explanation.png" style="height: 7ex">
    </p>
    <img src="img/openmp_r_patch.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Aaron Saw Min Sern in 8.2</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>More parallel tools</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>
            Core tools:
            <small>
            r.sun, v.surf.rst, r.sim.sediment, r.sim.water
            </small>
        </li>
        <li>
            Addons tools:
            <small>
            r.sun.daily, r.in.usgs,
            r.mapcalc.tiled, t.rast.what.aggr,
            r.connectivity.corridors, r.viewshed.exposure,
            and 14 more
            <!-- 20 total -->
            </small>
        </li>
        <li>
            Parallelizing custom Python scripts:
            <ul>
                <li>GridModule <small>(by tile)</small></li>
                <li>multiprocessing, ParallelModuleQueue <small>(by task)</small></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/piemonte_shaded_elevation.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Faster External Data Links</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>
            <em>r.external</em> can link (open) external raster data faster.
            <ul>
                <li>2-5&times; faster computation of min &amp; max</li>
                <li>almost no time if min &amp; max in metadata
                <li>almost no time if min &amp; max are not needed later</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li>Great for workflows when only portion of the data is processed in GRASS GIS.</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/r_external_us.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Markus Metz</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Improved HPC Readiness</h2>
    <ul>
        <li><a href="https://github.com/ncsu-geoforall-lab/grass-gis-on-hpc-henry2">Recipes for High Performance Computing setups</a></li>
        <li>Better integration with conda environments</li>
        <li>Reduced potential for race conditions</li>
        <li>Easier to create parallel workflows</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/skyview.png" class="stretch">
    <small>by Vaclav Petras, Markus Neteler, Nicklas Larsson, &hellip;</small>
    <p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>


<section>
    <h1>More Features</h1>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Science and Code</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>
            What algorithm
            <ul>
                <li>references to related scientific papers</li>
                <li>references to papers associated with tools or libraries</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li>
            What exact code
            <ul>
                <li>source code, its history, and latest change</li>
                <li>
                    DOI record with a copy of the code for each release
                    <ul>
                        <li>One to cite all versions: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5176030">DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176030</a></li>
                        <li>One for each released version</li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <p>&rightarrow; transparency, reproducibility, provenance</p>
    </ul>
    <ul>
        <li>
            How used
            <ul>
                <li>usage visible in scientific literature</li>
                <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gJ0ZB0cAAAAJ">GRASS GIS Google Scholar profile</a>, h-index 93 <small>(experimental)</small></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Lidar Data Import with PDAL</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Binning &amp; filtering using any point dimension <small>(including user defined ones, e.g., from PDAL filters)</small></li>
        <li>Support for 19 binning methods</li>
        <li>Linux and macOS only. Help needed for Windows!</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/elevation.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Vaclav Petras and Maris Nartiss</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Skeletons and Centerlines</h2>
    <em>v.voronoi</em> tool can now create area skeletons and centerlines.
    <img src="img/lake_skeleton_naip.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Markus Metz
</section>


<section>
    <h2>GitHub-centered Software Development</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Git</li>
        <li>PRs</li>
        <li>Issues</li>
        <li>GitHub Actions</li>
    </ul>
    <br>
    <img src="img/octocat.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Improved and Robust Code Quality Checks</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Python code formatted by Black.</li>
        <li>Python code checked against Flake8, some even Pylint.</li>
        <li>Most of warnings in C code removed and now checked.</li>
        <li>Code tested with CodeQL.</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/code_in_vscodium.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Nicklas Larsson, Vaclav Petras, Anna Petrasova, Carmen Tawalika, ...
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Addons Repository</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Community-maintained tools <small>(addons aka extensions, plugins)</small></li>
        <li>Separate from the main repository, but only one repository</li>
        <li>A repository with the source code, not just a registry</li>
        <li>Best of both worlds:
            <ul>
                <li>Broader community of contributors, <small>including one-time contributors</small></li>
                <li>Single repository maintained by the core community</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/grass_team.jpg" class="stretch">
    <p><small><em>Questions?</em></small></p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>FUTURES</h2>
    <p><em>r.futures</em> - set of tools for urban growth modeling</p>
    <img src="img/FUTURES_Raleigh.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>PoPS</h2>
    <p><em>r.pops.spread</em> - Pest or Pathogen Spread simulation</p>
    <img src="img/pops_version_1.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Visual Exposure to a Defined Source</h2>
    <em>r.viewshed.exposure</em> - Weighted cumulative viewshed analysis defining visual exposure to a source
    <br>
    <img src="img/r_viewshed_exposure.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Zofie Cimburova and Stefan Blumentrath</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Weighted Layers for Dasymetric Mapping</h2>
    <p><em>r.area.createweight</em> - Weighting layer for dasymetric mapping using a random forest regression model.</p>
    <img src="img/r_area_createweight.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Charlotte Flasse, Tais Grippa, Safa Fennia</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Hydrologic Parameters Using a Flow Direction Raster</h2>
    <em>r.accumulate</em> - Weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction
    <br>
    <img src="img/subwatersheds.png" class="stretch">
    <p>
        <small>
            <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104774">Cho (2020): A recursive algorithm for calculating the longest flow path and its iterative implementation</a>
            <small>(faster and better than competition)</small>
            <br>
            See also: <a href="https://workshop.isnew.info/foss4g-2021-r.topmodel/"><em>Physically-based hydrologic modeling using GRASS GIS r.topmodel</em></a>
        </small>
    </p>
    <p>by Huidae Cho</p>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Valley Bottom Flatness Index</h2>
    <p><em>r.valley.bottom</em> - Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness (MrVBF)</p>
    <img src="img/r_valley_bottom_3d.png" class="stretch">
    <p>by Helmut Kudrnovsky, Steven Pawley
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Sentinel, THREDDS, &hellip;, netCDF, CSV</h2>
    <p>
        Automated download and import of common datasets
        <small>
            i.sentinel, i.modis, i.landsat, r.in.usgs, r.in.nasadem, m.crawl.thredds, t.rast.import.netcdf, &hellip;
        </small>
    </p>
    <img src="img/usgs_ned_naip_3d.png" class="stretch">
    <p>
        <small>
            by
            Fondazione Edmund Mach,
            OpenGeoLabs,
            mundialis
            GSoC,
            NC&nbsp;State University,
            CONICET,
            Norwegian Institute for Nature Research,
            <!--
            Luca&nbsp;Delucchi (Fondazione Edmund Mach),
            Martin Landa (OpenGeoLabs),
            Anika&nbsp;Weinmann (mundialis),
            Guido&nbsp;Riembauer (mundialis),
            Roberta&nbsp;Fagandini (GSoC),
            Zechariah&nbsp;Krautwurst (GSoC),
            Anna&nbsp;Petrasova (NC&nbsp;State University),
            Vaclav&nbsp;Petras (NC&nbsp;State University),
            Veronica&nbsp;Andreo (CONICET),
            Stefan&nbsp;Blumentrath (Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA)
            -->
            &hellip;
        </small>
    </p>
</section>


<section>
<h2>Resources</h2>

<ul>
    <li>
        Documentation:
        <ul>
            <li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/learn/">Learn center</a></li>
            <li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/graphical_index.html">full list of core tools</a>
            <li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons">tools in Addons repository</a>
        </ul>
    <li>
        Tutorials <small>(my three favorites)</small>:
        <ul>
            <li>
                <a href="https://github.com/petrasovaa/grass-gis-workshop-FOSS4G-2021">From Beginner to Power User <small>with Jupyter (FOSS4G 2021)</small></a>
            <li>
                <a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Processing_lidar_and_UAV_point_clouds_in_GRASS_GIS_(workshop_at_FOSS4G_Boston_2017)">Processing lidar and UAV point clouds</a>
            <li>
                <a href="http://ncsu-geoforall-lab.github.io/grass-temporal-workshop/">
                Spatio-temporal data handling and visualization</a>
        </ul>
    <li>
        Books:
        <ul>
            <li>Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach <small>(the classic)</small>
            <li>Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS <small>(use-case-based with additional flavors)</small>
            <li>Open Source Approaches to Spatial Data Handling <small>(broader context)</small>
        </ul>
</ul>
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Support</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Community support
            <ul>
                <li><a href="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-user">user mailing list</a> <small>(with vast archives since 1991)</small>
                <li><a href="https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/grass">GIS StackExchange</a> <small>(use increasing)</small>
                <li><a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/discussions">GitHub Discussions</a> <small>(since September 2021)</small></li>
            </ul>
        <li>Commercial support
        <ul>
            <li><a href="https://www.mundialis.de/en/open-source-gis/">mundialis</a>
            <li><a href="https://opengeolabs.cz/en/home/">OpenGeoLabs</a> (&amp; GISMentors)
            <li><a href="https://www.northrivergeographic.com/">North River Geographic Systems</a>
            <li><a href="https://geospatial.ncsu.edu/engage/service-center/">Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University</a>
            <li>&hellip;
        </ul>
    </ul>
    <br>
    <img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
    <h2>Sponsoring</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Individuals:
            <ul>
                <li>Time: organize virtual community event, fix typos, &hellip;</li>
                <li>
                    Money: <a href="https://opencollective.com/grass">opencollective.com/grass</a>
                    <small>(new!)</small>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li>Organizations:
            <ul>
                <li>Time: employee time</li>
                <li>Money: pay developers (companies) <small>to add features or fix bugs</small></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
    <img src="img/osgeo_codesprint_2018.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
    <img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
    <p>
        <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/">grass.osgeo.org</a>
    <p>
        vpetras&#64;ncsu&#46;edu
        <br>
        <a href="https://twitter.com/vaclavpetras/"><small>Twitter:</small> vaclavpetras</a>
        <br>
        <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/vaclav-petras-a24a1b114/"><small>LinkedIn:</small> Vaclav Petras</a>
    </p>
    <p>
        <a href="https://wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks">wenzeslaus.github.io/grass-gis-talks</a>
</section>

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