diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
index dc2804978769f0..95e1c79b600b9f 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
@@ -562,6 +562,8 @@ export interface ResolvedConfig
       configFileDependencies: string[]
       inlineConfig: InlineConfig
       root: string
+      /** @internal */
+      fallbackImporter: string
       base: string
       /** @internal */
       decodedBase: string
@@ -1459,6 +1461,7 @@ export async function resolveConfig(
     ),
     inlineConfig,
     root: resolvedRoot,
+    fallbackImporter: normalizePath(path.resolve(resolvedRoot, 'index.html')),
     base,
     decodedBase: decodeBase(base),
     rawBase: resolvedBase,
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/environment.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/environment.ts
index 3ce3311e60a501..0b3d0c7c4bc321 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/environment.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/environment.ts
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export class DevEnvironment extends BaseEnvironment {
     this._pendingRequests = new Map()
 
     this.moduleGraph = new EnvironmentModuleGraph(name, (url: string) =>
-      this.pluginContainer!.resolveId(url, undefined),
+      this.pluginContainer!.resolveId(url, config.fallbackImporter),
     )
 
     this._crawlEndFinder = setupOnCrawlEnd()
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/pluginContainer.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/pluginContainer.ts
index ae8305c5a53d5e..b3689975ac6b00 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/pluginContainer.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/pluginContainer.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ SOFTWARE.
 */
 
 import fs from 'node:fs'
-import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks'
 import { parseAst as rollupParseAst } from 'rollup/parseAst'
 import type {
@@ -338,10 +337,7 @@ class EnvironmentPluginContainer {
 
   async resolveId(
     rawId: string,
-    importer: string | undefined = join(
-      this.environment.config.root,
-      'index.html',
-    ),
+    importer: string | undefined,
     options?: {
       attributes?: Record<string, string>
       custom?: CustomPluginOptions
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/transformRequest.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/transformRequest.ts
index 898d64146fc55c..0b94b72f0b76fd 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/transformRequest.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/transformRequest.ts
@@ -173,7 +173,10 @@ async function doTransform(
 
   const resolved = module
     ? undefined
-    : ((await pluginContainer.resolveId(url, undefined)) ?? undefined)
+    : ((await pluginContainer.resolveId(
+        url,
+        environment.config.fallbackImporter,
+      )) ?? undefined)
 
   // resolve
   const id = module?.id ?? resolved?.id ?? url