📝 Simplify the exploration of Python

Author: veit

docs/editors.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 Editors
 =======
 
+
+.. _interactive_shell:
+
 Interactive Shell
 -----------------
 

docs/explore.rst

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 Exploring Python
 ================
 
-Whether you use IDLE or the interactive shell, there are some useful functions
-to explore Python.
+Whether you use :ref:`idle` or the :ref:`interactive_shell`, there are some
+useful functions to explore Python.
 
 .. _help:
 
@@ -40,26 +40,29 @@ variable name as a parameter, for example:
      |      abs(self)
     ...
 
-``dir()``, ``globals()`` and ``locals()``
------------------------------------------
+For example, you will learn that ``x`` is of type ``float`` and has a function
+:func:`__add__` that you can use with dot notation:
 
-:py:func:`dir` is another useful function that lists objects in a specific
-:doc:`namespace <oop/namespaces>`. If you use it without parameters, you can
-find out which methods and data are available locally. Alternatively, it can
-also list objects for a module or type.
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> x.__add__(1)
+   5.2
+
+``dir()``
+---------
+
+:py:func:`dir` is another useful function to find out which methods and data are
+available locally or for a specific object:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
    >>> dir()
    ['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'x']
-   >>> dir(x)
-   ['__abs__', '__add__', '__bool__', '__ceil__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floor__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getformat__', '__getnewargs__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__int__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__round__', '__rpow__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', 'as_integer_ratio', 'conjugate', 'fromhex', 'hex', 'imag', 'is_integer', 'real']
 
-In contrast to :py:func:`dir`, both :py:func:`globals` and :py:func:`locals`
-display the values associated with the objects. Currently, both functions return
-the same thing:
+For example, we can use ``dir(__builtins__)`` to display a list of what is
+already available in the Python standard library:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-   >>> globals()
-   {'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'x': 4.2}
+   >>> dir(__builtins__)
+   ['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BaseExceptionGroup', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError', 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EncodingWarning', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'ExceptionGroup', 'False', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'ModuleNotFoundError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'PythonFinalizationError', 'RecursionError', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopAsyncIteration', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'ZeroDivisionError', '_', '_IncompleteInputError', '__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'abs', 'aiter', 'all', 'anext', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'breakpoint', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip']

docs/oop/private.rst

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ it can access and output ``__y``:
     >>> m.print_y()
     2
 
-.. note::
+.. warning::
 
    The mechanism used to ensure privacy falsifies the name of private variables
    and private methods when the code is compiled into bytecode. Specifically,