📝 Simplify tox’s version range syntax

Author: veit

docs/test/tox.rst

@@ -112,15 +112,20 @@ To run tox, simply start tox:
 .. code-block:: pytest
 
    $ uv run tox
-   py313: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/57/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+   .pkg: _optional_hooks> python /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyproject_api/_backend.py True hatchling.build
+   .pkg: get_requires_for_build_sdist> python /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyproject_api/_backend.py True hatchling.build
+   .pkg: build_sdist> python /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyproject_api/_backend.py True hatchling.build
+   py313: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/18/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
    py313: commands[0]> python --version --version
+   Python 3.13.0 (main, Oct  7 2024, 23:47:22) [Clang 18.1.8 ]
+   py313: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
    ============================= test session starts ==============================
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.13.0, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.13.0, pytest-9.0.2, pluggy-1.6.0
    cachedir: .tox/py313/.pytest_cache
    rootdir: /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items
    configfile: pyproject.toml
    testpaths: tests
-   plugins: anyio-4.9.0, Faker-37.4.0, cov-6.2.1
+   plugins: Faker-40.1.0, cov-7.0.0
    collected 83 items
 
    tests/api/test_add.py ......                                             [  7%]
@@ -149,8 +154,10 @@ To run tox, simply start tox:
    tests/cli/test_update.py .                                               [ 98%]
    tests/cli/test_version.py .                                              [100%]
 
-   ============================== 83 passed in 0.27s ==============================
-   py313: OK ✔ in 1.17 seconds
+   ============================== 83 passed in 0.35s ==============================
+   .pkg: _exit> python /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyproject_api/_backend.py True hatchling.build
+     py313: OK (1.19=setup[0.45]+cmd[0.01,0.72] seconds)
+     congratulations :) (1.23 seconds)
 
 Testing multiple Python versions
 --------------------------------
@@ -162,55 +169,95 @@ Python versions:
    :emphasize-lines: 2, 4
 
    [tox]
-   envlist = py3{9,10,11,12,13,13t,14,14t}
+   envlist = py3{10,11,12,13,14,13t,14t}
    isolated_build = True
    skip_missing_interpreters = True
 
-We will now test Python versions from 3.8 to 3.11. In addition, we have also
+We will now test Python versions from 3.10 to 3.14. In addition, we have also
 added the setting ``skip_missing_interpreters = True`` so that tox does not fail
 if one of the listed Python versions is missing on your system. If the value is
 set to ``True``, tox will run the tests with every available Python version, but
 will skip versions it doesn’t find without failing. The output is very similar,
 although I will only highlight the differences in the following illustration:
 
 .. code-block:: pytest
-   :emphasize-lines: 3-4, 8-12, 16-20, 24-28, 32-
-
-   $ uv run tox
-   ...
-   py39: install_package> python -I -m pip install --force-reinstall --no-deps /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/17/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
-   py39: commands[0]> coverage run -m pytest
-   ============================= test session starts ==============================
-   ...
-   ============================== 49 passed in 0.16s ==============================
-   py39: OK ✔ in 2.17 seconds
-   py310: skipped because could not find python interpreter with spec(s): py310
-   py310: SKIP ⚠ in 0.01 seconds
-   py311: install_package> python -I -m pip install --force-reinstall --no-deps /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/18/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
-   py311: commands[0]> coverage run -m pytest
-   ============================= test session starts ==============================
-   ...
-   ============================== 49 passed in 0.15s ==============================
-   py311: OK ✔ in 1.41 seconds
-   py312: install_package> python -I -m pip install --force-reinstall --no-deps /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/19/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
-   py312: commands[0]> coverage run -m pytest
-   ============================= test session starts ==============================
-   ...
-   ============================== 49 passed in 0.15s ==============================
-   py312: OK ✔ in 1.43 seconds
-   py313: install_package> python -I -m pip install --force-reinstall --no-deps /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/20/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
-   py313: commands[0]> coverage run -m pytest
-   ============================= test session starts ==============================
-   ...
-   ============================== 49 passed in 0.16s ==============================
-   .pkg: _exit> python /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyproject_api/_backend.py True hatchling.build
-   py313: OK ✔ in 1.48 seconds
-     py39: OK (2.17=setup[1.54]+cmd[0.63] seconds)
-     py310: SKIP (0.01 seconds)
-     py311: OK (1.41=setup[0.81]+cmd[0.60] seconds)
-     py312: OK (1.43=setup[0.82]+cmd[0.61] seconds)
-     py313: OK (1.48=setup[0.82]+cmd[0.66] seconds)
-     congratulations :) (10.46 seconds)
+   :emphasize-lines: 3-6, 10-14, 18-22, 26-30, 34-38, 42-46, 50-54, 59-
+
+    $ uv run tox
+    ...
+    py310: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/19/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+    py310: commands[0]> python --version --version
+    Python 3.10.17 (main, Apr  9 2025, 03:47:39) [Clang 20.1.0 ]
+    py310: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
+    ============================= test session starts ==============================
+    ...
+    ============================== 83 passed in 0.35s ==============================
+    py310: OK ✔ in 1.3 seconds
+    py311: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/20/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+    py311: commands[0]> python --version --version
+    Python 3.11.11 (main, Feb  5 2025, 18:58:27) [Clang 19.1.6 ]
+    py311: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
+    ============================= test session starts ==============================
+    ...
+    ============================== 83 passed in 0.36s ==============================
+    py311: OK ✔ in 1.16 seconds
+    py312: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/21/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+    py312: commands[0]> python --version --version
+    Python 3.12.12 (main, Oct 14 2025, 21:38:21) [Clang 20.1.4 ]
+    py312: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
+    ============================= test session starts ==============================
+    ...
+    ============================== 83 passed in 0.55s ==============================
+    py312: OK ✔ in 1.79 seconds
+    py313: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/22/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+    py313: commands[0]> python --version --version
+    Python 3.13.0 (main, Oct  7 2024, 23:47:22) [Clang 18.1.8 ]
+    py313: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
+    ============================= test session starts ==============================
+    ...
+    ============================== 83 passed in 0.35s ==============================
+    py313: OK ✔ in 1.07 seconds
+    py314: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/23/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+    py314: commands[0]> python --version --version
+    Python 3.14.0 (main, Oct 14 2025, 21:10:22) [Clang 20.1.4 ]
+    py314: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
+    ============================= test session starts ==============================
+    ...
+    ============================== 83 passed in 0.36s ==============================
+    py314: OK ✔ in 1.28 seconds
+    py313t: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/24/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+    py313t: commands[0]> python --version --version
+    Python 3.13.0 experimental free-threading build (main, Oct 16 2024, 08:24:33) [Clang 18.1.8 ]
+    py313t: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
+    ============================= test session starts ==============================
+    ...
+    ============================== 83 passed in 0.49s ==============================
+    py313t: OK ✔ in 1.51 seconds
+    py314t: install_package> .venv/bin/uv pip install --reinstall --no-deps items@/Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.tox/.tmp/package/25/items-0.1.0.tar.gz
+    py314t: commands[0]> python --version --version
+    Python 3.14.0b4 free-threading build (main, Jul  8 2025, 21:06:49) [Clang 20.1.4 ]
+    py314t: commands[1]> coverage run -m pytest
+    ============================= test session starts ==============================
+    ...
+    ============================== 83 passed in 0.39s ==============================
+    .pkg: _exit> python /Users/veit/cusy/prj/items/.venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyproject_api/_backend.py True hatchling.build
+      py310: OK (1.30=setup[0.54]+cmd[0.01,0.75] seconds)
+      py311: OK (1.16=setup[0.38]+cmd[0.01,0.76] seconds)
+      py312: OK (1.79=setup[0.42]+cmd[0.01,1.36] seconds)
+      py313: OK (1.07=setup[0.34]+cmd[0.01,0.71] seconds)
+      py314: OK (1.28=setup[0.42]+cmd[0.01,0.85] seconds)
+      py313t: OK (1.51=setup[0.44]+cmd[0.01,1.05] seconds)
+      py314t: OK (1.34=setup[0.44]+cmd[0.01,0.89] seconds)
+      congratulations :) (9.48 seconds)
+
+.. versionadded:: tox 4.25.0
+   From tox 4.25.0 dated 27 March 2025, the various Python versions can also be
+   specified as follows:
+
+   .. code-block:: ini
+
+      [tox]
+      envlist = py3{9-14,13t,14t}
 
 Running Tox environments in parallel
 ------------------------------------
@@ -221,17 +268,20 @@ other. It is also possible to run them in parallel with the ``-p`` option:
 .. code-block:: pytest
 
    $ uv run tox -p
-   py310: SKIP ⚠ in 0.09 seconds
-   py312: OK ✔ in 2.08 seconds
-   py313: OK ✔ in 2.18 seconds
-   py311: OK ✔ in 2.23 seconds
-   py39: OK ✔ in 2.91 seconds
-     py39: OK (2.91=setup[2.17]+cmd[0.74] seconds)
-     py310: SKIP (0.09 seconds)
-     py311: OK (2.23=setup[1.27]+cmd[0.96] seconds)
-     py312: OK (2.08=setup[1.22]+cmd[0.86] seconds)
-     py313: OK (2.18=setup[1.23]+cmd[0.95] seconds)
-     congratulations :) (3.05 seconds)
+   py311: OK ✔ in 1.7 seconds
+   py310: OK ✔ in 1.8 seconds
+   py313: OK ✔ in 1.8 seconds
+   py314t: OK ✔ in 1.89 seconds
+   py314: OK ✔ in 1.91 seconds
+   py313t: OK ✔ in 2.24 seconds
+     py310: OK (1.80=setup[0.62]+cmd[0.02,1.16] seconds)
+     py311: OK (1.70=setup[0.54]+cmd[0.02,1.15] seconds)
+     py312: OK (2.28=setup[0.58]+cmd[0.01,1.69] seconds)
+     py313: OK (1.80=setup[0.60]+cmd[0.02,1.18] seconds)
+     py314: OK (1.91=setup[0.62]+cmd[0.02,1.28] seconds)
+     py313t: OK (2.24=setup[0.72]+cmd[0.02,1.51] seconds)
+     py314t: OK (1.89=setup[0.61]+cmd[0.02,1.26] seconds)
+     congratulations :) (2.33 seconds)
 
 .. note::
    The output is not abbreviated; this is the full output you will see if
@@ -250,7 +300,7 @@ extend commands to ``pytest --cov=items``:
    :emphasize-lines: 12-
 
    [tox]
-   envlist = py3{9,10,11,12,13,13t,14,14t}
+   envlist = py3{10-14,13t,14t}
    isolated_build = True
    skip_missing_interpreters = True
 
@@ -273,7 +323,7 @@ When using Coverage with ``tox``, it can sometimes be useful to add a section in
 the :file:`pyproject.toml` file to tell Coverage which source code paths should
 be considered identical:
 
-.. code-block:: ini
+.. code-block:: toml
 
    [tool.coverage.paths]
    source = ["src", ".tox/py*/**/site-packages"]
@@ -288,23 +338,20 @@ example.
 
    $ uv run tox
    ...
-   coverage-report: commands[0]> coverage combine
-   Combined data file .coverage.fay.local.19539.XpQXpsGx
-   coverage-report: commands[1]> coverage report
-   Name               Stmts   Miss Branch BrPart  Cover   Missing
-   --------------------------------------------------------------
-   src/items/api.py      68      1     12      1    98%   88
-   --------------------------------------------------------------
-   TOTAL                428      1     32      1    99%
-
-   26 files skipped due to complete coverage.
-     py39: OK (2.12=setup[1.49]+cmd[0.63] seconds)
-     py310: SKIP (0.01 seconds)
-     py311: OK (1.41=setup[0.80]+cmd[0.62] seconds)
-     py312: OK (1.43=setup[0.81]+cmd[0.62] seconds)
-     py313: OK (1.46=setup[0.83]+cmd[0.62] seconds)
-     coverage-report: OK (0.16=setup[0.00]+cmd[0.07,0.09] seconds)
-     congratulations :) (10.26 seconds)
+   Name    Stmts   Miss Branch BrPart  Cover   Missing
+   ---------------------------------------------------
+   TOTAL     540      0     32      0   100%
+
+   33 files skipped due to complete coverage.
+     py310: OK (1.10=setup[0.44]+cmd[0.01,0.64] seconds)
+     py311: OK (0.98=setup[0.31]+cmd[0.01,0.66] seconds)
+     py312: OK (1.59=setup[0.34]+cmd[0.01,1.24] seconds)
+     py313: OK (1.06=setup[0.34]+cmd[0.01,0.71] seconds)
+     py314: OK (1.10=setup[0.35]+cmd[0.01,0.74] seconds)
+     py313t: OK (1.36=setup[0.40]+cmd[0.01,0.95] seconds)
+     py314t: OK (1.31=setup[0.44]+cmd[0.01,0.86] seconds)
+     coverage-report: OK (1.55=setup[0.37]+cmd[1.08,0.10] seconds)
+     congratulations :) (10.09 seconds)
 
 Set minimum coverage
 --------------------
@@ -336,13 +383,13 @@ We can also call individual tests with tox by making another change so that
 :term:`parameters <Parameter>` can be passed to pytest:
 
 .. code-block:: ini
-   :emphasize-lines: 17
+   :emphasize-lines: 16
 
    [tox]
    envlist =
        pre-commit
        docs
-       py3{9,10,11,12,13,13t,14,14t}
+       py3{10-14,13t,14t}
        coverage-report
    isolated_build = True
    skip_missing_interpreters = True