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protection-Topics.Rmd
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---
title: "Protection Topics"
---
```{r options_communes, include=FALSE}
source("options_communes.R")
```
<div class="important">
Translate assessment results into programmatic response recommendations is challenging when it comes to protection activities.
The analysis of vulnerabilities allows to generate protection activities recommendations.
The analysis of vulnerabilities is complex as it should allow to understand:
* How **multiple vulnerabilities** interact between each other (prioritisation through criticality)?
* What is, for **each vulnerability type**, the specific profile of a population group in terms of magnitude and severity?
</div>
Translate assessment results into programmatic response recommendations is challenging when it comes to protection activities.
## The Right based approach
Protection programme are designed according to the [Right Based approach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights-based_approach_to_development). As such, more than the needs, it is the vulnerability of specific population group toward right violation that informs ressources allocation.
Vulnerability level for each specific risk =
function(risk **occurrence**) +
function(**exposure** to risk of basic right violation) +
function(**coping capacity** before or after violation)
Protection activities for UNHCR:
- Prevent occurrence of basic right violation event (**Environment Building actions**) &&
- Limit the effects of violation events consequences (**Remedial actions**) &&
- Respond to basic right violation event (**Responsive actions**)
Protection analysis is therefore linked to specific events linked to specific Right groups defined by UNHCR Result Based management.
Rights Group | Basic right type | Violation event
----------------------------------------------- |--------------------------------------- | -------------
__Favourable Protection Environment__ | Non-refoulement | Non-admission, Refoulement
- | No discrimination | Detention
- | Freedom of movement | Eviction, deportation
__Fair Protection Processes and Documentation__ | Documentation | No issuance/renewal of residency
- | Right to a nationality | Birth Registration
__Community Empowerment and Self Reliance__ | Livelihood | Negative coping mechanism (Prostitution, child labour, early marriage, begging, stealing,.)
- | Peaceful co-existence | Intercommunity violence
__Basic Needs and Essential Services__ | Education | Children out of school
- | Food | Malnutrition
- | Social & economic rights | Non access to services (healh, schools, MPSS)
- | Housing, Wash & Shelter | Sub standard living conditions
__Security from Violence and Exploitation__ | Age, gender and diversity mainstreaming| Sex & Gender based violence, child abuses
## Vulnerability Profile
On each topic, the protection assessment should allow to identify the affected population’s vulnerability profile:
* Threat in terms of __criticality__ , i.e how important is the threat compared to other. This is measured through priority ranking.
* Threat in terms of occurence in order to define __magnitude__
* Capacities and capabilities in order to define __severity__ -- "Severity" (or intensity) expresses the degree of unmet needs (it is thus related to shortages and deficits, as opposed to fulfillment and wellbeing) or the egree of something harmful,
harsh, stern, irreversible or not desirable. As such it is expressed through a form of rating.
The vulnerability profile (combination of criticality/magnitude/severity) for each topic will allow to prioritise the relevant activities. [Severity and Priority](http://aldo-benini.org/Level2/HumanitData/Benini_forACAPS_SeverityAndPriority_2013.pdf) are therefore appropriate way to measure vulnerability.
The risk profile will help designing the best intervention approach for each group:
Activity | Criticality | Magnitude | Severity
------------------------------ |------------ | ---------- |------------
Environment Building actions | ++ | + | -
Remedial actions | + | ++ | +
Responsive actions | + | - | ++
## Analysis Topics
### Favourable Protection Environment
List of analysis modules
* Protection-sensitive border mechanism
* Counselling & Legal aid
* Freedom of movement & Detention
* Multiple Displacement & Movement
### Fair Protection Processes and Documentation
List of analysis modules
* Birth Registration
* Civil status documentation
* Family re-unification
* Refugee registration
* Risk of eviction
### Community Empowerment and Self Reliance
List of analysis modules:
* Social cohesion
* Housing, shelter & wash conditions
* Employment & livelihood
* Child Labour
* Assets & Budget
### Basic Needs and Essential Services
List of analysis modules:
* Refugees with specific needs
* Assistance received
* Negative coping mechanism
* Food security
* Access to health services
* Education & Out of School Children
### Security from Violence and Exploitation
List of analysis modules:
* Sexual Harassment & Violence (Rape)
* Harassment between youth
* Gender inequality
* Domestic Violence (Parental stress, Isolation at home)
* Forced and early marriage
* Violence among children
* Armed recruitment
* Harassment & Violence towards LGBTI
* Security & Civil violence