constants.py

IOTTY = 6
"""Standard output unit identifier"""

NOUT = 11
"""Output file unit identifier"""

MFILE = 13
"""Machine-optimised output file unit"""

ELECTRON_CHARGE = 1.602176634e-19
"""Electron / elementary charge [C]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e|search_for=electron+charge
"""

ELECTRON_VOLT = ELECTRON_CHARGE
"""Electron volt [J]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?evj|search_for=electron+volt
"""

KILOELECTRON_VOLT = ELECTRON_VOLT * 1e3
"""Kiloelectron volt [kJ]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?evj|search_for=electron+volt
"""

ATOMIC_MASS_UNIT = 1.66053906892e-27
"""Unified atomic mass unit [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?u|search_for=atomic+mass+constant
"""

ELECTRON_MASS = 9.1093837139e-31
"""Electron mass [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me|search_for=ELECTRON+MASS
"""


PROTON_MASS = 1.67262192595e-27
"""Proton mass [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp|search_for=PROTON+MASS
"""

M_PROTON_AMU = 1.0072764665789
"""Proton mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mpu
"""

M_PROTIUM_AMU = 1.00782503223
"""Protium atomic mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=1
"""

DEUTERON_MASS = 3.3435837768e-27
"""Deuteron mass [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?md|search_for=DEUTERON+MASS
"""

M_DEUTERON_AMU = 2.013553212544
"""Deuteron mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mdu
"""


TRITON_MASS = 5.0073567512e-27
"""Triton mass [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mt|search_for=TRITON+MASS
"""

M_TRITON_AMU = 3.01550071597
"""Triton mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?art
"""

NEUTRON_MASS = 1.67492750056e-27
"""Neutron mass [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn|search_for=NEUTRON+MASS
"""

ALPHA_MASS = 6.6446573450e-27
"""Alpha particle mass [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mal|search_for=alpha+mass
"""

M_ALPHA_AMU = 4.001506179129
"""Alpha particle mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?malu
"""

M_HELIUM_AMU = 4.002602
"""Average Helium atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=He
"""

HELION_MASS = 5.0064127862e-27
"""Helion (3He) mass [kg]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mh|search_for=HELION
"""

M_HELION_AMU = 3.014932246932
"""Helion (3He) mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?arh
"""

M_BERYLLIUM_AMU = 9.0121831
"""Beryllium atom (4Be) mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Be
"""

M_CARBON_AMU = 12.0096
"""Average Carbon atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C
"""

M_NITROGEN_AMU = 14.00643
"""Average Nitrogen atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=N
"""

M_OXYGEN_AMU = 15.99903
"""Average Oxygen atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=O
"""

M_NEON_AMU = 20.1797
"""Average Neon atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Ne
"""

M_SILICON_AMU = 28.084
"""Average Silicon atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Si
"""

M_ARGON_AMU = 39.948
"""Average Argon atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Ar
"""

M_IRON_AMU = 55.845
"""Average Iron atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Fe
"""

M_NICKEL_AMU = 58.6934
"""Average Nickel atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Ni
"""

M_KRYPTON_AMU = 83.798
"""Average Krypton atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Kr
"""

M_XENON_AMU = 131.293
"""Average Xenon atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Xe
"""

M_TUNGSTEN_AMU = 183.84
"""Average Tungsten atom mass [amu]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=W
"""

SPEED_LIGHT = 299792458
"""Speed of light in vacuum (c) [m/s]
Reference: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c|search_for=light
"""

D_T_ENERGY = (
    (DEUTERON_MASS + TRITON_MASS) - (ALPHA_MASS + NEUTRON_MASS)
) * SPEED_LIGHT**2
"""Deuterium - Tritium reaction energy [J]
Find the mass difference in the reactancts and products of the D-T reaction
Multiply by the speed of light squared to get the energy released
"""

D_HELIUM_ENERGY = (
    (DEUTERON_MASS + HELION_MASS) - (ALPHA_MASS + PROTON_MASS)
) * SPEED_LIGHT**2
"""Deuterium - Helion (3He) reaction energy [J]
Find the mass difference in the reactancts and products of the D-3He reaction
Multiply by the speed of light squared to get the energy released
"""

DD_HELIUM_ENERGY = (
    (DEUTERON_MASS + DEUTERON_MASS) - (HELION_MASS + NEUTRON_MASS)
) * SPEED_LIGHT**2
"""Deuterium - Deuterium (3He producing) reaction energy [J]
Find the mass difference in the reactancts and products of the D-D reaction
Multiply by the speed of light squared to get the energy released
"""

DD_TRITON_ENERGY = (
    (DEUTERON_MASS + DEUTERON_MASS) - (TRITON_MASS + PROTON_MASS)
) * SPEED_LIGHT**2
"""Deuterium - Deuterium (Triton producing) reaction energy [J]
Find the mass difference in the reactancts and products of the D-D reaction
Multiply by the speed of light squared to get the energy released
"""

DT_NEUTRON_ENERGY_FRACTION = ALPHA_MASS / (NEUTRON_MASS + ALPHA_MASS)
"""Deuterium - Tritium reaction energy fraction carried by neutron
Assuming centre of mass frame as the momenta of the fusion products exceed
those of the fusion reagents by many orders of magnitude. Assumed to be non-relativistic.
Roughly 79.867% of the energy is carried by the neutron
"""

DT_ALPHA_ENERGY = (1.0 - DT_NEUTRON_ENERGY_FRACTION) * D_T_ENERGY
"""Deuterium - Tritium reaction energy carried by alpha particle neutron [J]
Assuming centre of mass frame as the momenta of the fusion products exceed
those of the fusion reagents by many orders of magnitude. Assumed to be non-relativistic.
Roughly 3.5 MeV of the energy is carried by the alpha particle
"""

DD_NEUTRON_ENERGY_FRACTION = HELION_MASS / (NEUTRON_MASS + HELION_MASS)
"""Deuterium - Deuterium (3He producing) reaction energy fraction carried by neutron
Assuming centre of mass frame as the momenta of the fusion products exceed
those of the fusion reagents by many orders of magnitude. Assumed to be non-relativistic.
Roughly 74.935% of the energy is carried by the neutron
"""

DD_PROTON_ENERGY_FRACTION = TRITON_MASS / (PROTON_MASS + TRITON_MASS)
"""Deuterium - Deuterium (Triton producing) reaction energy fraction carried by proton
Assuming centre of mass frame as the momenta of the fusion products exceed
those of the fusion reagents by many orders of magnitude. Assumed to be non-relativistic.
Roughly 74.960% of the energy is carried by the proton
"""

DHELIUM_PROTON_ENERGY_FRACTION = ALPHA_MASS / (PROTON_MASS + ALPHA_MASS)
"""Deuterium - Helion (3He) reaction energy fraction carried by proton
Assuming centre of mass frame as the momenta of the fusion products exceed
those of the fusion reagents by many orders of magnitude. Assumed to be non-relativistic.
Roughly 79.889% of the energy is carried by the proton
"""

DEN_TUNGSTEN = 19250.0
"""Density of Tungsten [kg/m3]"""

TEMP_ROOM = 293.15
""" Room temperature in Kelvin
Assume the room is at 20 degrees Celsius
"""

RMU0 = 1.256637062e-6
"""permeability of free space  [H/m]"""

UMASS = 1.660538921e-27
"""unified atomic mass unit [kg]"""

EPSILON0 = 8.85418781e-12
"""permittivity of free space [Farad/m]"""

CPH2O = 4180.0
"""specific heat capacity of water (J/kg/K)"""

den_copper: float = None
"""density of copper (kg/m3)"""

den_aluminium: float = None
"""density of aluminium (kg/m3)"""

DENH2O = 985.0
"""density of water (kg/m3)"""

K_COPPER = 330.0
"""Copper thermal conductivity (W/m/K)"""

KH2O = 0.651
"""thermal conductivity of water (W/m/K)"""

MUH2O = 4.71e-4
"""water dynamic viscosity (kg/m/s)"""

N_DAY_YEAR = 365.2425
"""Average number of days in a year"""

ACCELERATION_GRAVITY = 9.81
"""Acceleration due to gravity [m/s2]"""


def init_constants():
    global den_copper, den_aluminium

    den_copper = 8900.0
    den_aluminium = 2700.0