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Build Type

Introduction

CMake has a number of built in build configurations which can be used to compile your project. These specify the optimization levels and if debug information is to be included in the binary.

(CMake中有许多内置的构建配置，用来编译你的工程project。它们指定了优化级别以及是否将调试信息包含在二进制文件中)

The levels provided are:

  • Release - Adds the -O3 -DNDEBUG flags to the compiler

    （*发行版，顾名思义，程序完成开发后的发布版本，对代码做了优化，速度快，但无法跟踪代码，不能打断点调试*）

  • Debug - Adds the -g flag

    （*调试版，即对代码不做任何优化，但可以调试项目中的任意文件。速度相对较慢、体积也更大*）

  • MinSizeRel - Adds -Os -DNDEBUG

    （*Release的近似版，代码也同样记过优化，但同时也支持添加断点进行调试*）

  • RelWithDebInfo - Adds -O2 -g -DNDEBUG flags

    （最小体积版本，与Release版近似，但更偏重于优化文件大小，而非运行速度）

The files in this tutorial are below:

$ tree
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── main.cpp

Concepts

Set Build Type （构建类型）

The build type can be set using the following methods.

  • Using a gui tool such as ccmake / cmake-gui （CMake图形界面）

cmake-gui build type

  • Passing into cmake

cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release

Set Default Build Type

The default build type provided by CMake is to include no compiler flags for optimization. For some projects you may want to set a default build type so that you do not have to remember to set it.

To do this you can add the following to your top level CMakeLists.txt

if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE AND NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES)
  message("Setting build type to 'RelWithDebInfo' as none was specified.")
  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE RelWithDebInfo CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)
  # Set the possible values of build type for cmake-gui
  set_property(CACHE CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE PROPERTY STRINGS "Debug" "Release"
    "MinSizeRel" "RelWithDebInfo")
endif()

Building the Example

$ mkdir build

$ cd build/

$ cmake ..
Setting build type to 'RelWithDebInfo' as none was specified.
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build

$ make VERBOSE=1
/usr/bin/cmake -H/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type -B/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
cd /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
Dependee "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/DependInfo.cmake" is newer than depender "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/depend.internal".
Dependee "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake" is newer than depender "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/depend.internal".
Scanning dependencies of target cmake_examples_build_type
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles 1
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/main.cpp.o
/usr/bin/c++    -O2 -g -DNDEBUG   -o CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/main.cpp.o -c /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/main.cpp
Linking CXX executable cmake_examples_build_type
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/c++   -O2 -g -DNDEBUG    CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/main.cpp.o  -o cmake_examples_build_type -rdynamic
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles  1
[100%] Built target cmake_examples_build_type
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles 0$ mkdir build
$ cd build/
/build$ cmake ..
Setting build type to 'RelWithDebInfo' as none was specified.
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build
/build$ make VERBOSE=1
/usr/bin/cmake -H/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type -B/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
cd /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
Dependee "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/DependInfo.cmake" is newer than depender "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/depend.internal".
Dependee "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake" is newer than depender "/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/depend.internal".
Scanning dependencies of target cmake_examples_build_type
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles 1
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/main.cpp.o
/usr/bin/c++    -O2 -g -DNDEBUG   -o CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/main.cpp.o -c /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/main.cpp
Linking CXX executable cmake_examples_build_type
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/c++   -O2 -g -DNDEBUG    CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_build_type.dir/main.cpp.o  -o cmake_examples_build_type -rdynamic
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles  1
[100%] Built target cmake_examples_build_type
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/F-build-type/build/CMakeFiles 0