From f7ac484b273aa313dc685396613e9a5470721f1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LuoXingchen935 <42908923+LuoXingchen935@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2026 23:41:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Add Chinese translation for bash memo and enhance dynamic loading in Vue component - Created a new markdown file for bash memo in Chinese (bash-memo.content.zh.md) containing various bash commands and shortcuts. - Updated the Vue component to dynamically load the appropriate markdown content based on the selected locale using Vue I18n. - Implemented a watcher to reload the memo content when the locale changes, ensuring the correct language is displayed. --- locales/zh.yml | 6 +- src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.en.md | 573 ++++++++++++++++++++ src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.zh.md | 573 ++++++++++++++++++++ src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.vue | 27 +- 4 files changed, 1174 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.en.md create mode 100644 src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.zh.md diff --git a/locales/zh.yml b/locales/zh.yml index ef06c8a2bd..0b90f12ba8 100644 --- a/locales/zh.yml +++ b/locales/zh.yml @@ -6696,11 +6696,11 @@ tools: tag-tb-gb: 结核病/英国 tag-minimum-spares: 最低备件数量： tag-new-vdev-type: 新的 vdev 类型： - tag-mirror: 镜子 + tag-mirror: 镜像 tag-raidz1: RAIDZ1 tag-raidz2: RAIDZ2 tag-raidz3: RAIDZ3 - tag-draid: 龙 + tag-draid: dRAID tag-openzfs-2-0-7-slop: OpenZFS 2.0.7 斜率： tag-new-vdev-width: 新的 Vdev 宽度： tag-zfs-recordsize-value: ZFS 记录大小值： @@ -6756,7 +6756,7 @@ tools: tag-click-on-the-section-titles-to-expand-collapse-and-view-calculated-data-hovering-over-a-table-cell-loads-the-relevant-data-into-the-calculation-values-section-below-you-can-click-table-cells-to-freeze-or-unfreeze-those-values: >- 点击各部分标题即可展开/折叠并查看计算数据。将鼠标悬停在表格单元格上，相关数据会加载到下方的“计算值”部分。您可以点击表格单元格来冻结或解冻这些值。 tag-common-layouts: 常见布局 - tag-raw-stripes-mirrors: 原始、条纹和镜面 + tag-raw-stripes-mirrors: 原始、条带和镜像 tag-calculation-values: 计算值 tag-click-table-cells-above-to-freeze-unfreeze: （单击上面的表格单元格即可冻结/解冻） zpool-memo: diff --git a/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.en.md b/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.en.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef17e2435d --- /dev/null +++ b/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.en.md @@ -0,0 +1,573 @@ +```bash +#!/bin/bash +############################################################################## +# SHORTCUTS and HISTORY +############################################################################## + +CTRL+A # move to beginning of line +CTRL+B # moves backward one character +CTRL+C # halts the current command +CTRL+D # deletes one character backward or logs out of current session, similar to exit +CTRL+E # moves to end of line +CTRL+F # moves forward one character +CTRL+G # aborts the current editing command and ring the terminal bell +CTRL+H # deletes one character under cursor (same as DELETE) +CTRL+J # same as RETURN +CTRL+K # deletes (kill) forward to end of line +CTRL+L # clears screen and redisplay the line +CTRL+M # same as RETURN +CTRL+N # next line in command history +CTRL+O # same as RETURN, then displays next line in history file +CTRL+P # previous line in command history +CTRL+Q # resumes suspended shell output +CTRL+R # searches backward +CTRL+S # searches forward or suspends shell output +CTRL+T # transposes two characters +CTRL+U # kills backward from point to the beginning of line +CTRL+V # makes the next character typed verbatim +CTRL+W # kills the word behind the cursor +CTRL+X # lists the possible filename completions of the current word +CTRL+Y # retrieves (yank) last item killed +CTRL+Z # stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background + +ALT+B # moves backward one word +ALT+D # deletes next word +ALT+F # moves forward one word +ALT+H # deletes one character backward +ALT+T # transposes two words +ALT+. # pastes last word from the last command. Pressing it repeatedly traverses through command history. +ALT+U # capitalizes every character from the current cursor position to the end of the word +ALT+L # uncapitalizes every character from the current cursor position to the end of the word +ALT+C # capitalizes the letter under the cursor. The cursor then moves to the end of the word. +ALT+R # reverts any changes to a command you’ve pulled from your history if you’ve edited it. +ALT+? # list possible completions to what is typed +ALT+^ # expand line to most recent match from history + +CTRL+X then ( # start recording a keyboard macro +CTRL+X then ) # finish recording keyboard macro +CTRL+X then E # recall last recorded keyboard macro +CTRL+X then CTRL+E # invoke text editor (specified by $EDITOR) on current command line then execute resultes as shell commands +CTRL+A then D # logout from screen but don't kill it, if any command exist, it will continue + +BACKSPACE # deletes one character backward +DELETE # deletes one character under cursor + +history # shows command line history +!! # repeats the last command +! # refers to command line 'n' +! # refers to command starting with 'string' +esc :wq # exits and saves script + +exit # logs out of current session + + +############################################################################## +# BASH BASICS +############################################################################## + +env # displays all environment variables + +echo $SHELL # displays the shell you're using +echo $BASH_VERSION # displays bash version + +bash # if you want to use bash (type exit to go back to your previously opened shell) +whereis bash # locates the binary, source and manual-page for a command +which bash # finds out which program is executed as 'bash' (default: /bin/bash, can change across environments) + +clear # clears content on window (hide displayed lines) + + +############################################################################## +# FILE COMMANDS +############################################################################## + + +ls # lists your files in current directory, ls to print files in a specific directory +ls -l # lists your files in 'long format', which contains the exact size of the file, who owns the file and who has the right to look at it, and when it was last modified +ls -a # lists all files in 'long format', including hidden files (name beginning with '.') +ln -s # creates symbolic link to file +readlink # shows where a symbolic links points to +tree # show directories and subdirectories in easilly readable file tree +mc # terminal file explorer (alternative to ncdu) +touch # creates or updates (edit) your file +mktemp -t # make a temp file in /tmp/ which is deleted at next boot (-d to make directory) +cat # displays file raw content (will not be interpreted) +cat -n # shows number of lines +nl # shows number of lines in file +cat filename1 > filename2 # Copy filename1 to filename2 +cat filename1 >> filename2 # merge two files texts together +any_command > # '>' is used to perform redirections, it will set any_command's stdout to file instead of "real stdout" (generally /dev/stdout) +more # shows the first part of a file (move with space and type q to quit) +head # outputs the first lines of file (default: 10 lines) +tail # outputs the last lines of file (useful with -f option) (default: 10 lines) +vim # opens a file in VIM (VI iMproved) text editor, will create it if it doesn't exist +mv # moves a file to destination, behavior will change based on 'dest' type (dir: file is placed into dir; file: file will replace dest (tip: useful for renaming)) +cp # copies a file +rm # removes a file +find . -name # searches for a file or a directory in the current directory and all its sub-directories by its name +diff # compares files, and shows where they differ +wc # tells you how many lines, words and characters there are in a file. Use -lwc (lines, word, character) to ouput only 1 of those informations +sort # sorts the contents of a text file line by line in alphabetical order, use -n for numeric sort and -r for reversing order. +sort -t -k # sorts the contents on specific sort key field starting from 1, using the field separator t. +rev # reverse string characters (hello becomes olleh) +chmod -options # lets you change the read, write, and execute permissions on your files (more infos: SUID, GUID) +gzip # compresses files using gzip algorithm +gunzip # uncompresses files compressed by gzip +gzcat # lets you look at gzipped file without actually having to gunzip it +lpr # prints the file +lpq # checks out the printer queue +lprm # removes something from the printer queue +genscript # converts plain text files into postscript for printing and gives you some options for formatting +dvips # prints .dvi files (i.e. files produced by LaTeX) +grep # looks for the string in the files +grep -r # search recursively for pattern in directory +head -n file_name | tail +n # Print nth line from file. +head -y lines.txt | tail +x # want to display all the lines from x to y. This includes the xth and yth lines. + +sed 's///g' # replace pattern in file with replacement value to std output the character after s (/) is the delimeter +sed -i 's///g' # replace pattern in file with replacement value in place +echo "this" | sed 's/is/at/g' # replace pattern from input stream with replacement value + +############################################################################## +# DIRECTORY COMMANDS +############################################################################## + + +mkdir # makes a new directory +rmdir # remove an empty directory +rmdir -rf # remove a non-empty directory +mv # rename a directory from to +cd # changes to home +cd .. # changes to the parent directory +cd # changes directory +cp -r # copy into including sub-directories +pwd # tells you where you currently are +cd ~ # changes to home. +cd - # changes to previous working directory + +############################################################################## +# SSH, SYSTEM INFO & NETWORK COMMANDS +############################################################################## + + +ssh user@host # connects to host as user +ssh -p user@host # connects to host on specified port as user +ssh-copy-id user@host # adds your ssh key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login + +whoami # returns your username +su # switch to a different user +su - # switch to root, likely needs to be sudo su - +sudo # execute command as the root user +passwd # lets you change your password +quota -v # shows what your disk quota is +date # shows the current date and time +cal # shows the month's calendar +uptime # shows current uptime +w # displays whois online +finger # displays information about user +uname -a # shows kernel information +man # shows the manual for specified command +info # shows another documentation system for the specific command +help # shows documentation about built-in commands and functions +df # shows disk usage +du # shows the disk usage of the files and directories in filename (du -s give only a total) +resize2fs # ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer +last # lists your last logins +ps -u yourusername # lists your processes +kill # kills the processes with the ID you gave +killall # kill all processes with the name +top # displays your currently active processes +lsof # lists open files +bg # lists stopped or background jobs ; resume a stopped job in the background +fg # brings the most recent job in the foreground +fg # brings job to the foreground + +ping # pings host and outputs results +whois # gets whois information for domain +dig # gets DNS information for domain +dig -x # reverses lookup host +wget # downloads file +netstat # Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships + +time # report time consumed by command execution + + +############################################################################## +# VARIABLES +############################################################################## + + +varname=value # defines a variable +varname=value command # defines a variable to be in the environment of a particular subprocess +echo $varname # checks a variable's value +echo $$ # prints process ID of the current shell +echo $! # prints process ID of the most recently invoked background job +echo $? # displays the exit status of the last command +read # reads a string from the input and assigns it to a variable +read -p "prompt" # same as above but outputs a prompt to ask user for value +column -t # display info in pretty columns (often used with pipe) +let = # performs mathematical calculation using operators like +, -, *, /, % +export VARNAME=value # defines an environment variable (will be available in subprocesses) +export -f # Exports function 'funcname' +export var1="var1 value" # Export and assign in the same statement +export # Copy Bash variable +declare -x # Copy Bash variable + +array[0]=valA # how to define an array +array[1]=valB +array[2]=valC +array=([2]=valC [0]=valA [1]=valB) # another way +array=(valA valB valC) # and another + +${array[i]} # displays array's value for this index. If no index is supplied, array element 0 is assumed +${#array[i]} # to find out the length of any element in the array +${#array[@]} # to find out how many values there are in the array + +declare -a # the variables are treated as arrays +declare -f # uses function names only +declare -F # displays function names without definitions +declare -i # the variables are treated as integers +declare -r # makes the variables read-only +declare -x # marks the variables for export via the environment +declare -l # uppercase values in the variable are converted to lowercase +declare -A # makes it an associative array + +${varname:-word} # if varname exists and isn't null, return its value; otherwise return word +${varname:word} # if varname exists and isn't null, return its value; otherwise return word +${varname:=word} # if varname exists and isn't null, return its value; otherwise set it word and then return its value +${varname:?message} # if varname exists and isn't null, return its value; otherwise print varname, followed by message and abort the current command or script +${varname:+word} # if varname exists and isn't null, return word; otherwise return null +${varname:offset:length} # performs substring expansion. It returns the substring of $varname starting at offset and up to length characters + +${variable#pattern} # if the pattern matches the beginning of the variable's value, delete the shortest part that matches and return the rest +${variable##pattern} # if the pattern matches the beginning of the variable's value, delete the longest part that matches and return the rest +${variable%pattern} # if the pattern matches the end of the variable's value, delete the shortest part that matches and return the rest +${variable%%pattern} # if the pattern matches the end of the variable's value, delete the longest part that matches and return the rest +${variable/pattern/string} # the longest match to pattern in variable is replaced by string. Only the first match is replaced +${variable//pattern/string} # the longest match to pattern in variable is replaced by string. All matches are replaced + +${#varname} # returns the length of the value of the variable as a character string + +*(patternlist) # matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns ++(patternlist) # matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns +?(patternlist) # matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns +@(patternlist) # matches exactly one of the given patterns +!(patternlist) # matches anything except one of the given patterns + +$(UNIX command) # command substitution: runs the command and returns standard output + +typeset -l # makes variable local - must be an interger + +############################################################################## +# FUNCTIONS +############################################################################## + + +# The function refers to passed arguments by position (as if they were positional parameters), that is, $1, $2, and so forth. +# $@ is equal to "$1" "$2"... "$N", where N is the number of positional parameters. $# holds the number of positional parameters. + + +function functname() { + shell commands +} + +unset -f functname # deletes a function definition +declare -f # displays all defined functions in your login session + + +############################################################################## +# FLOW CONTROLS +############################################################################## + + +statement1 && statement2 # and operator +statement1 || statement2 # or operator + +-a # and operator inside a test conditional expression +-o # or operator inside a test conditional expression + +# STRINGS + +str1 == str2 # str1 matches str2 +str1 != str2 # str1 does not match str2 +str1 < str2 # str1 is less than str2 (alphabetically) +str1 > str2 # str1 is greater than str2 (alphabetically) +str1 \> str2 # str1 is sorted after str2 +str1 \< str2 # str1 is sorted before str2 +-n str1 # str1 is not null (has length greater than 0) +-z str1 # str1 is null (has length 0) + +# FILES + +-a file # file exists or its compilation is successful +-d file # file exists and is a directory +-e file # file exists; same -a +-f file # file exists and is a regular file (i.e., not a directory or other special type of file) +-r file # you have read permission +-s file # file exists and is not empty +-w file # your have write permission +-x file # you have execute permission on file, or directory search permission if it is a directory +-N file # file was modified since it was last read +-O file # you own file +-G file # file's group ID matches yours (or one of yours, if you are in multiple groups) +file1 -nt file2 # file1 is newer than file2 +file1 -ot file2 # file1 is older than file2 + +# NUMBERS + +-lt # less than +-le # less than or equal +-eq # equal +-ge # greater than or equal +-gt # greater than +-ne # not equal + +if condition +then + statements +[elif condition + then statements...] +[else + statements] +fi + +for x in {1..10} +do + statements +done + +for name [in list] +do + statements that can use $name +done + +for (( initialisation ; ending condition ; update )) +do + statements... +done + +case expression in + pattern1 ) + statements ;; + pattern2 ) + statements ;; +esac + +select name [in list] +do + statements that can use $name +done + +while condition; do + statements +done + +until condition; do + statements +done + +############################################################################## +# COMMAND-LINE PROCESSING CYCLE +############################################################################## + + +# The default order for command lookup is functions, followed by built-ins, with scripts and executables last. +# There are three built-ins that you can use to override this order: `command`, `builtin` and `enable`. + +command # removes alias and function lookup. Only built-ins and commands found in the search path are executed +builtin # looks up only built-in commands, ignoring functions and commands found in PATH +enable # enables and disables shell built-ins + +eval # takes arguments and run them through the command-line processing steps all over again + + +############################################################################## +# INPUT/OUTPUT REDIRECTORS +############################################################################## + + +cmd1|cmd2 # pipe; takes standard output of cmd1 as standard input to cmd2 +< file # takes standard input from file +> file # directs standard output to file +>> file # directs standard output to file; append to file if it already exists +>|file # forces standard output to file even if noclobber is set +n>|file # forces output to file from file descriptor n even if noclobber is set +<> file # uses file as both standard input and standard output +n<>file # uses file as both input and output for file descriptor n +n>file # directs file descriptor n to file +n>file # directs file description n to file; append to file if it already exists +n>& # duplicates standard output to file descriptor n +n<& # duplicates standard input from file descriptor n +n>&m # file descriptor n is made to be a copy of the output file descriptor +n<&m # file descriptor n is made to be a copy of the input file descriptor +&>file # directs standard output and standard error to file +<&- # closes the standard input +>&- # closes the standard output +n>&- # closes the ouput from file descriptor n +n<&- # closes the input from file descriptor n + +|tee # output command to both terminal and a file (-a to append to file) + + +############################################################################## +# PROCESS HANDLING +############################################################################## + + +# To suspend a job, type CTRL+Z while it is running. You can also suspend a job with CTRL+Y. +# This is slightly different from CTRL+Z in that the process is only stopped when it attempts to read input from terminal. +# Of course, to interrupt a job, type CTRL+C. + +myCommand & # runs job in the background and prompts back the shell + +jobs # lists all jobs (use with -l to see associated PID) + +fg # brings a background job into the foreground +fg %+ # brings most recently invoked background job +fg %- # brings second most recently invoked background job +fg %N # brings job number N +fg %string # brings job whose command begins with string +fg %?string # brings job whose command contains string + +kill -l # returns a list of all signals on the system, by name and number +kill PID # terminates process with specified PID +kill -s SIGKILL 4500 # sends a signal to force or terminate the process +kill -15 913 # Ending PID 913 process with signal 15 (TERM) +kill %1 # Where %1 is the number of job as read from 'jobs' command. + +ps # prints a line of information about the current running login shell and any processes running under it +ps -a # selects all processes with a tty except session leaders + +trap cmd sig1 sig2 # executes a command when a signal is received by the script +trap "" sig1 sig2 # ignores that signals +trap - sig1 sig2 # resets the action taken when the signal is received to the default + +disown # removes the process from the list of jobs + +wait # waits until all background jobs have finished +sleep # wait # of seconds before continuing + +pv # display progress bar for data handling commands. often used with pipe like |pv +yes # give yes response everytime an input is requested from script/process + + +############################################################################## +# TIPS & TRICKS +############################################################################## + + +# set an alias +cd; nano .bash_profile +> alias gentlenode='ssh admin@gentlenode.com -p 3404' # add your alias in .bash_profile + +# to quickly go to a specific directory +cd; nano .bashrc +> shopt -s cdable_vars +> export websites="/Users/mac/Documents/websites" + +source .bashrc +cd $websites + + +############################################################################## +# DEBUGGING SHELL PROGRAMS +############################################################################## + + +bash -n scriptname # don't run commands; check for syntax errors only +set -o noexec # alternative (set option in script) + +bash -v scriptname # echo commands before running them +set -o verbose # alternative (set option in script) + +bash -x scriptname # echo commands after command-line processing +set -o xtrace # alternative (set option in script) + +trap 'echo $varname' EXIT # useful when you want to print out the values of variables at the point that your script exits + +function errtrap { + es=$? + echo "ERROR line $1: Command exited with status $es." +} + +trap 'errtrap $LINENO' ERR # is run whenever a command in the surrounding script or function exits with non-zero status + +function dbgtrap { + echo "badvar is $badvar" +} + +trap dbgtrap DEBUG # causes the trap code to be executed before every statement in a function or script +# ...section of code in which the problem occurs... +trap - DEBUG # turn off the DEBUG trap + +function returntrap { + echo "A return occurred" +} + +trap returntrap RETURN # is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the . or source commands finishes executing + +############################################################################## +# COLORS AND BACKGROUNDS +############################################################################## +# note: \e or \x1B also work instead of \033 +# Reset +Color_Off='\033[0m' # Text Reset + +# Regular Colors +Black='\033[0;30m' # Black +Red='\033[0;31m' # Red +Green='\033[0;32m' # Green +Yellow='\033[0;33m' # Yellow +Blue='\033[0;34m' # Blue +Purple='\033[0;35m' # Purple +Cyan='\033[0;36m' # Cyan +White='\033[0;97m' # White + +# Additional colors +LGrey='\033[0;37m' # Light Gray +DGrey='\033[0;90m' # Dark Gray +LRed='\033[0;91m' # Light Red +LGreen='\033[0;92m' # Light Green +LYellow='\033[0;93m'# Light Yellow +LBlue='\033[0;94m' # Light Blue +LPurple='\033[0;95m'# Light Purple +LCyan='\033[0;96m' # Light Cyan + + +# Bold +BBlack='\033[1;30m' # Black +BRed='\033[1;31m' # Red +BGreen='\033[1;32m' # Green +BYellow='\033[1;33m'# Yellow +BBlue='\033[1;34m' # Blue +BPurple='\033[1;35m'# Purple +BCyan='\033[1;36m' # Cyan +BWhite='\033[1;37m' # White + +# Underline +UBlack='\033[4;30m' # Black +URed='\033[4;31m' # Red +UGreen='\033[4;32m' # Green +UYellow='\033[4;33m'# Yellow +UBlue='\033[4;34m' # Blue +UPurple='\033[4;35m'# Purple +UCyan='\033[4;36m' # Cyan +UWhite='\033[4;37m' # White + +# Background +On_Black='\033[40m' # Black +On_Red='\033[41m' # Red +On_Green='\033[42m' # Green +On_Yellow='\033[43m'# Yellow +On_Blue='\033[44m' # Blue +On_Purple='\033[45m'# Purple +On_Cyan='\033[46m' # Cyan +On_White='\033[47m' # White + +# Example of usage +echo -e "${Green}This is GREEN text${Color_Off} and normal text" +echo -e "${Red}${On_White}This is Red test on White background${Color_Off}" +# option -e is mandatory, it enable interpretation of backslash escapes +printf "${Red} This is red \n" +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.zh.md b/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.zh.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f6ee1513bf --- /dev/null +++ b/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.content.zh.md @@ -0,0 +1,573 @@ +```bash +#!/bin/bash +############################################################################## +# 快捷键和历史记录 +############################################################################## + +CTRL+A # 移动到行首 +CTRL+B # 向后移动一个字符 +CTRL+C # 终止当前命令 +CTRL+D # 向后删除一个字符或退出当前会话，类似于 exit +CTRL+E # 移动到行尾 +CTRL+F # 向前移动一个字符 +CTRL+G # 中止当前编辑命令并敲响终端铃声 +CTRL+H # 删除光标下的一个字符（与 DELETE 相同） +CTRL+J # 与 RETURN 相同 +CTRL+K # 删除（杀死）到行尾 +CTRL+L # 清除屏幕并重新显示该行 +CTRL+M # 与 RETURN 相同 +CTRL+N # 命令历史中的下一行 +CTRL+O # 与 RETURN 相同，然后显示历史文件中的下一行 +CTRL+P # 命令历史中的上一行 +CTRL+Q # 恢复暂停的 shell 输出 +CTRL+R # 向后搜索 +CTRL+S # 向前搜索或暂停 shell 输出 +CTRL+T # 交换两个字符 +CTRL+U # 从当前位置向后删除到行首 +CTRL+V # 使下一个输入的字符原样显示 +CTRL+W # 删除光标后的单词 +CTRL+X # 列出当前单词的可能文件名补全 +CTRL+Y # 检索（粘贴）最后删除的项目 +CTRL+Z # 停止当前命令，使用 fg 在前台恢复或 bg 在后台恢复 + +ALT+B # 向后移动一个单词 +ALT+D # 删除下一个单词 +ALT+F # 向前移动一个单词 +ALT+H # 向后删除一个字符 +ALT+T # 交换两个单词 +ALT+. # 粘贴最后一个命令的最后一个单词。反复按可遍历命令历史记录。 +ALT+U # 将当前光标位置到单词末尾的每个字符大写 +ALT+L # 将当前光标位置到单词末尾的每个字符小写 +ALT+C # 将光标下的字母大写。然后光标移动到单词末尾。 +ALT+R # 恢复从历史记录中提取的命令的任何更改（如果已编辑）。 +ALT+? # 列出已输入内容的可能补全 +ALT+^ # 将行扩展到历史记录中最近的匹配项 + +CTRL+X then ( # 开始录制键盘宏 +CTRL+X then ) # 完成录制键盘宏 +CTRL+X then E # 调用最后录制的键盘宏 +CTRL+X then CTRL+E # 在当前命令行上调用文本编辑器（由 $EDITOR 指定），然后将结果作为 shell 命令执行 +CTRL+A then D # 从 screen 中注销但不杀死它，如果有任何命令存在，它将继续 + +BACKSPACE # 向后删除一个字符 +DELETE # 删除光标下的一个字符 + +history # 显示命令行历史记录 +!! # 重复最后一个命令 +! # 引用命令行 'n' +! # 引用以 'string' 开头的命令 +esc :wq # 退出并保存脚本 + +exit # 退出当前会话 + + +############################################################################## +# Bash 基础 +############################################################################## + +env # 显示所有环境变量 + +echo $SHELL # 显示您正在使用的 shell +echo $BASH_VERSION # 显示 bash 版本 + +bash # 如果您想使用 bash（输入 exit 返回到之前打开的 shell） +whereis bash # 定位命令的二进制文件、源代码和手册页 +which bash # 找出哪个程序被执行为 'bash'（默认：/bin/bash，在不同环境中可能会改变） + +clear # 清除窗口内容（隐藏显示的行） + + +############################################################################## +# FILE COMMANDS +############################################################################## + + +ls # 列出当前目录中的文件，ls 用于打印特定目录中的文件 +ls -l # 以'长格式'列出您的文件，包含文件的确切大小、所有者、查看权限以及最后修改时间 +ls -a # 以'长格式'列出所有文件，包括隐藏文件（名称以 '.' 开头） +ln -s # 创建到文件的符号链接 +readlink # 显示符号链接指向的位置 +tree # 以易于阅读的文件树显示目录和子目录 +mc # 终端文件浏览器（ncdu 的替代方案） +touch # 创建或更新（编辑）您的文件 +mktemp -t # 在 /tmp/ 中创建临时文件，下次启动时会被删除（-d 用于创建目录） +cat # 显示文件原始内容（不会被解释） +cat -n # 显示行数 +nl # 显示文件中的行数 +cat filename1 > filename2 # 将 filename1 复制到 filename2 +cat filename1 >> filename2 # 合并两个文件的文本 +any_command > # '>' 用于执行重定向，它会将 any_command 的 stdout 设置为文件而不是"真实 stdout"（通常是 /dev/stdout） +more # 显示文件的第一部分（用空格键移动，输入 q 退出） +head # 输出文件的前几行（默认：10 行） +tail # 输出文件的最后几行（与 -f 选项配合使用很有用）（默认：10 行） +vim # 在 VIM（VI 改进版）文本编辑器中打开文件，如果不存在则创建 +mv # 将文件移动到目标位置，行为会根据 'dest' 类型而变化（目录：文件放置到目录中；文件：文件将替换 dest（提示：对重命名很有用）） +cp # 复制文件 +rm # 删除文件 +find . -name # 在当前目录及其所有子目录中按名称搜索文件或目录 +diff # 比较文件，并显示它们的不同之处 +wc # 告诉您文件中有多少行、单词和字符。使用 -lwc（行、单词、字符）只输出其中一个信息 +sort # 按字母顺序逐行排序文本文件的内容，使用 -n 进行数字排序，使用 -r 进行反向排序 +sort -t -k # 使用字段分隔符 t，从 1 开始对特定排序关键字字段的内容进行排序 +rev # 反转字符串字符（hello 变为 olleh） +chmod -options # 允许您更改文件的读、写和执行权限（更多信息：SUID、GUID） +gzip # 使用 gzip 算法压缩文件 +gunzip # 解压缩 gzip 压缩的文件 +gzcat # 允许您查看 gzipped 文件而无需实际解压缩 +lpr # 打印文件 +lpq # 检查打印机队列 +lprm # 从打印机队列中删除某些内容 +genscript # 将纯文本文件转换为 PostScript 格式用于打印，并提供一些格式化选项 +dvips # 打印 .dvi 文件（即 LaTeX 生成的文件） +grep # 在文件中查找字符串 +grep -r # 在目录中递归搜索模式 +head -n file_name | tail +n # 打印文件的第 n 行 +head -y lines.txt | tail +x # 想要显示从 x 到 y 的所有行。包括第 x 和第 y 行。 + +sed 's///g' # 将文件中的模式替换为替换值输出到标准输出，s 后的字符（/）是分隔符 +sed -i 's///g' # 就地替换文件中的模式为替换值 +echo "this" | sed 's/is/at/g' # 从输入流中替换模式为替换值 + +############################################################################## +# DIRECTORY COMMANDS +############################################################################## + + +mkdir # 创建新目录 +rmdir # 删除空目录 +rmdir -rf # 删除非空目录 +mv # 将目录从 重命名为 +cd # 切换到主目录 +cd .. # 切换到父目录 +cd # 切换目录 +cp -r # 将 复制到 包括子目录 +pwd # 告诉您当前所在的位置 +cd ~ # 切换到主目录。 +cd - # 切换到上一个工作目录 + + +############################################################################## +# SSH、系统信息和网络命令 +############################################################################## + + +ssh user@host # 以用户身份连接到主机 +ssh -p user@host # 以用户身份连接到指定端口的主机 +ssh-copy-id user@host # 将您的 ssh 密钥添加到主机用户，以启用密钥或无密码登录 + +whoami # 返回您的用户名 +su # 切换到不同的用户 +su - # 切换到 root，可能需要 sudo su - +sudo # 以 root 用户身份执行命令 +passwd # 允许您更改密码 +quota -v # 显示您的磁盘配额 +date # 显示当前日期和时间 +cal # 显示当月的日历 +uptime # 显示当前运行时间 +w # 显示谁在线 +finger # 显示用户的信息 +uname -a # 显示内核信息 +man # 显示指定命令的手册 +info # 显示特定命令的另一种文档系统 +help # 显示有关内置命令和函数的文档 +df # 显示磁盘使用情况 +du # 显示文件名中文件和目录的磁盘使用情况（du -s 仅给出总数） +resize2fs # ext2/ext3/ext4 文件系统调整大小工具 +last # 列出您的最后登录记录 +ps -u yourusername # 列出您的进程 +kill # 杀死具有给定 ID 的进程 +killall # 杀死所有具有该名称的进程 +top # 显示您当前的活动进程 +lsof # 列出打开的文件 +bg # 列出已停止或后台作业；在后台恢复已停止的作业 +fg # 将最近的作业带到前台 +fg # 将作业带到前台 + +ping # ping 主机并输出结果 +whois # 获取域名的 whois 信息 +dig # 获取域名的 DNS 信息 +dig -x # 反向查找主机 +wget # 下载文件 +netstat # 打印网络连接、路由表、接口统计、伪装连接和多播成员资格 + +time # 报告命令执行消耗的时间 + +############################################################################## +# VARIABLES +############################################################################## + + +varname=value # 定义一个变量 +varname=value command # 在特定子进程的环境中定义变量 +echo $varname # 检查变量的值 +echo $$ # 打印当前 shell 的进程 ID +echo $! # 打印最近调用的后台作业的进程 ID +echo $? # 显示最后一个命令的退出状态 +read # 从输入中读取字符串并将其赋值给变量 +read -p "prompt" # 与上面相同，但输出提示以要求用户输入值 +column -t # 以漂亮的列显示信息（通常与管道一起使用） +let = # 使用 +、-、*、/、% 等运算符执行数学计算 +export VARNAME=value # 定义环境变量（将在子进程中可用） +export -f # 导出函数 'funcname' +export var1="var1 value" # 在同一语句中导出和赋值 +export # 复制 Bash 变量 +declare -x # 复制 Bash 变量 + +array[0]=valA # 如何定义数组 +array[1]=valB +array[2]=valC +array=([2]=valC [0]=valA [1]=valB) # 另一种方式 +array=(valA valB valC) # 还有另一种方式 + +${array[i]} # 显示此索引的数组值。如果未提供索引，则默认数组元素 0 +${#array[i]} # 找出数组中任何元素的长度 +${#array[@]} # 找出数组中有多少个值 + +declare -a # 将变量视为数组 +declare -f # 仅使用函数名 +declare -F # 显示函数名但不带定义 +declare -i # 将变量视为整数 +declare -r # 使变量只读 +declare -x # 标记变量以便通过环境导出 +declare -l # 变量中的大写值转换为小写 +declare -A # 使其成为关联数组 + +${varname:-word} # 如果 varname 存在且不为 null，返回其值；否则返回 word +${varname:word} # 如果 varname 存在且不为 null，返回其值；否则返回 word +${varname:=word} # 如果 varname 存在且不为 null，返回其值；否则设置为 word 然后返回其值 +${varname:?message} # 如果 varname 存在且不为 null，返回其值；否则打印 varname，后跟 message 并中止当前命令或脚本 +${varname:+word} # 如果 varname 存在且不为 null，返回 word；否则返回 null +${varname:offset:length} # 执行子字符串扩展。返回 $varname 从 offset 开始且长度不超过 length 字符的子字符串 + +${variable#pattern} # 如果模式与变量值的开头匹配，删除最短匹配部分并返回其余部分 +${variable##pattern} # 如果模式与变量值的开头匹配，删除最长匹配部分并返回其余部分 +${variable%pattern} # 如果模式与变量值的结尾匹配，删除最短匹配部分并返回其余部分 +${variable%%pattern} # 如果模式与变量值的结尾匹配，删除最长匹配部分并返回其余部分 +${variable/pattern/string} # 变量中与模式最长匹配的部分被 string 替换。仅替换第一个匹配项 +${variable//pattern/string} # 变量中与模式最长匹配的部分被 string 替换。替换所有匹配项 + +${#varname} # 以字符串形式返回变量值的长度 + +*(patternlist) # 匹配给定模式的零次或多次出现 ++(patternlist) # 匹配给定模式的一次或多次出现 +?(patternlist) # 匹配给定模式的零次或一次出现 +@(patternlist) # 精确匹配给定模式之一 +!(patternlist) # 匹配除给定模式之一以外的任何内容 + +$(UNIX command) # 命令替换：运行命令并返回标准输出 + +typeset -l # 使变量局部化 - 必须是整数 + + +############################################################################## +# 函数 +############################################################################## + + +# 函数通过位置引用传递的参数（就像它们是位置参数一样），即 $1、$2 等。 +# $@ 等于 "$1" "$2"... "$N"，其中 N 是位置参数的数量。$# 包含位置参数的数量。 + + +function functname() { + shell commands +} + +unset -f functname # 删除函数定义 +declare -f # 显示您登录会话中所有已定义的函数 + +############################################################################## +# FLOW CONTROLS +############################################################################## + + +statement1 && statement2 # 与运算符 +statement1 || statement2 # 或运算符 + +-a # 测试条件表达式内部的与运算符 +-o # 测试条件表达式内部的或运算符 + +# 字符串 + +str1 == str2 # str1 匹配 str2 +str1 != str2 # str1 不匹配 str2 +str1 < str2 # str1 小于 str2（按字母顺序） +str1 > str2 # str1 大于 str2（按字母顺序） +str1 \> str2 # str1 在 str2 之后排序 +str1 \< str2 # str1 在 str2 之前排序 +-n str1 # str1 不为空（长度大于 0） +-z str1 # str1 为空（长度为 0） + +# 文件 + +-a file # 文件存在或其编译成功 +-d file # 文件存在且是目录 +-e file # 文件存在；与 -a 相同 +-f file # 文件存在且是普通文件（即不是目录或其他特殊类型的文件） +-r file # 你有读权限 +-s file # 文件存在且不为空 +-w file # 你有写权限 +-x file # 你有文件执行权限，或者目录搜索权限（如果是目录） +-N file # 文件自上次读取后已修改 +-O file # 你拥有该文件 +-G file # 文件的组 ID 与你的匹配（或你的多个组之一） +file1 -nt file2 # file1 比 file2 新 +file1 -ot file2 # file1 比 file2 旧 + +# 数字 + +-lt # 小于 +-le # 小于或等于 +-eq # 等于 +-ge # 大于或等于 +-gt # 大于 +-ne # 不等于 + +if condition +then + statements +[elif condition + then statements...] +[else + statements] +fi + +for x in {1..10} +do + statements +done + +for name [in list] +do + statements that can use $name +done + +for (( initialisation ; ending condition ; update )) +do + statements... +done + +case expression in + pattern1 ) + statements ;; + pattern2 ) + statements ;; +esac + +select name [in list] +do + statements that can use $name +done + +while condition; do + statements +done + +until condition; do + statements +done + +############################################################################## +# COMMAND-LINE PROCESSING CYCLE +############################################################################## + + +# 命令查找的默认顺序是函数，然后是内置命令，最后是脚本和可执行文件。 +# 有三个内置命令可以用来覆盖这个顺序：`command`、`builtin` 和 `enable`。 + +command # 移除别名和函数查找。只执行内置命令和在搜索路径中找到的命令 +builtin # 只查找内置命令，忽略函数和 PATH 中找到的命令 +enable # 启用和禁用 shell 内置命令 + +eval # 接受参数并再次运行命令行处理步骤 + + +############################################################################## +# 输入/输出重定向器 +############################################################################## + + +cmd1|cmd2 # 管道；将 cmd1 的标准输出作为 cmd2 的标准输入 +< file # 从文件获取标准输入 +> file # 将标准输出定向到文件 +>> file # 将标准输出定向到文件；如果文件已存在则追加 +>|file # 即使设置了 noclobber，也强制将标准输出定向到文件 +n>|file # 即使设置了 noclobber，也强制将文件描述符 n 的输出定向到文件 +<> file # 将文件用作标准输入和标准输出 +n<>file # 将文件用作文件描述符 n 的输入和输出 +n>file # 将文件描述符 n 定向到文件 +n>file # 将文件描述符 n 定向到文件；如果文件已存在则追加 +n>& # 将标准输出复制到文件描述符 n +n<& # 从文件描述符 n 复制标准输入 +n>&m # 文件描述符 n 成为输出文件描述符的副本 +n<&m # 文件描述符 n 成为输入文件描述符的副本 +&>file # 将标准输出和标准错误定向到文件 +<&- # 关闭标准输入 +>&- # 关闭标准输出 +n>&- # 关闭文件描述符 n 的输出 +n<&- # 关闭文件描述符 n 的输入 + +|tee # 将命令输出到终端和文件（-a 表示追加到文件） + + +############################################################################## +# 进程处理 +############################################################################## + + +# 要暂停作业，请在运行时按 CTRL+Z。您也可以使用 CTRL+Y 暂停作业。 +# 这与 CTRL+Z 略有不同，因为进程只在尝试从终端读取输入时才会停止。 +# 当然，要中断作业，请按 CTRL+C。 + +myCommand & # 在后台运行作业并提示返回 shell + +jobs # 列出所有作业（使用 -l 查看关联的 PID） + +fg # 将后台作业带到前台 +fg %+ # 带来最近调用的后台作业 +fg %- # 带来第二个最近调用的后台作业 +fg %N # 带来作业编号 N +fg %string # 带来命令以 string 开头的作业 +fg %?string # 带来命令包含 string 的作业 + +kill -l # 返回系统上所有信号的列表，包括名称和编号 +kill PID # 终止具有指定 PID 的进程 +kill -s SIGKILL 4500 # 发送信号以强制或终止进程 +kill -15 913 # 用信号 15（TERM）结束 PID 913 进程 +kill %1 # 其中 %1 是从 'jobs' 命令读取的作业编号。 + +ps # 打印当前运行的登录 shell 和在其下运行的任何进程的一行信息 +ps -a # 选择所有具有 tty 的进程，会话领导者除外 + +trap cmd sig1 sig2 # 当脚本收到信号时执行命令 +trap "" sig1 sig2 # 忽略这些信号 +trap - sig1 sig2 # 将收到信号时的操作重置为默认值 + +disown # 从作业列表中移除进程 + +wait # 等待所有后台作业完成 +sleep # 继续前等待 # 秒 + +pv # 为数据处理命令显示进度条。通常与管道一起使用，如 |pv +yes # 每次脚本/进程请求输入时都给出 yes 响应 + + +############################################################################## +# TIPS & TRICKS +############################################################################## + +# 设置别名 +cd; nano .bash_profile +> alias gentlenode='ssh admin@gentlenode.com -p 3404' # 在 .bash_profile 中添加您的别名 + +# 快速转到特定目录 +cd; nano .bashrc +> shopt -s cdable_vars +> export websites="/Users/mac/Documents/websites" + +source .bashrc +cd $websites + + +############################################################################## +# 调试 Shell 程序 +############################################################################## + + +bash -n scriptname # 不运行命令；仅检查语法错误 +set -o noexec # 替代方案（在脚本中设置选项） + +bash -v scriptname # 在运行命令前回显命令 +set -o verbose # 替代方案（在脚本中设置选项） + +bash -x scriptname # 在命令行处理后回显命令 +set -o xtrace # 替代方案（在脚本中设置选项） + +trap 'echo $varname' EXIT # 当您想在脚本退出时打印变量值时很有用 + +function errtrap { + es=$? + echo "ERROR line $1: Command exited with status $es." +} + +trap 'errtrap $LINENO' ERR # 每当周围脚本或函数中的命令以非零状态退出时运行 + +function dbgtrap { + echo "badvar is $badvar" +} + +trap dbgtrap DEBUG # 使陷阱代码在函数或脚本中的每个语句之前执行 +# ...出现问题的代码部分... +trap - DEBUG # 关闭 DEBUG 陷阱 + +function returntrap { + echo "A return occurred" +} + +trap returntrap RETURN # 每当使用 . 或 source 命令执行的 shell 函数或脚本完成执行时运行 + + +############################################################################## +# 颜色和背景 +############################################################################## +# 注意：\e 或 \x1B 也可以代替 \033 +# 重置 +Color_Off='\033[0m' # 文本重置 + +# 常规颜色 +Black='\033[0;30m' # 黑色 +Red='\033[0;31m' # 红色 +Green='\033[0;32m' # 绿色 +Yellow='\033[0;33m' # 黄色 +Blue='\033[0;34m' # 蓝色 +Purple='\033[0;35m' # 紫色 +Cyan='\033[0;36m' # 青色 +White='\033[0;97m' # 白色 + +# 其他颜色 +LGrey='\033[0;37m' # 浅灰色 +DGrey='\033[0;90m' # 深灰色 +LRed='\033[0;91m' # 浅红色 +LGreen='\033[0;92m' # 浅绿色 +LYellow='\033[0;93m'# 浅黄色 +LBlue='\033[0;94m' # 浅蓝色 +LPurple='\033[0;95m'# 浅紫色 +LCyan='\033[0;96m' # 浅青色 + + +# 粗体 +BBlack='\033[1;30m' # 黑色 +BRed='\033[1;31m' # 红色 +BGreen='\033[1;32m' # 绿色 +BYellow='\033[1;33m'# 黄色 +BBlue='\033[1;34m' # 蓝色 +BPurple='\033[1;35m'# 紫色 +BCyan='\033[1;36m' # 青色 +BWhite='\033[1;37m' # 白色 + +# 下划线 +UBlack='\033[4;30m' # 黑色 +URed='\033[4;31m' # 红色 +UGreen='\033[4;32m' # 绿色 +UYellow='\033[4;33m'# 黄色 +UBlue='\033[4;34m' # 蓝色 +UPurple='\033[4;35m'# 紫色 +UCyan='\033[4;36m' # 青色 +UWhite='\033[4;37m' # 白色 + +# 背景 +On_Black='\033[40m' # 黑色 +On_Red='\033[41m' # 红色 +On_Green='\033[42m' # 绿色 +On_Yellow='\033[43m'# 黄色 +On_Blue='\033[44m' # 蓝色 +On_Purple='\033[45m'# 紫色 +On_Cyan='\033[46m' # 青色 +On_White='\033[47m' # 白色 + +# 使用示例 +echo -e "${Green}这是绿色文本${Color_Off} 和正常文本" +echo -e "${Red}${On_White}这是白色背景上的红色测试${Color_Off}" +# 选项 -e 是必需的，它启用反斜杠转义解释 +printf "${Red} 这是红色的 \n" +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.vue b/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.vue index cf91d74578..2e7d74ea1b 100644 --- a/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.vue +++ b/src/tools/bash-memo/bash-memo.vue @@ -1,13 +1,36 @@