On trait bound mismatch, detect multiple crate versions in dep tree

When encountering an E0277, if the type and the trait both come from a crate with the same name but different crate number, we explain that there are multiple crate versions in the dependency tree.

If there's a type that fulfills the bound, and it has the same name as the passed in type and has the same crate name, we explain that the same type in two different versions of the same crate *are different*.

```
error[E0277]: the trait bound `Type: dependency::Trait` is not satisfied
 --> src/main.rs:4:18
  |
4 |     do_something(Type);
  |     ------------ ^^^^ the trait `dependency::Trait` is not implemented for `Type`
  |     |
  |     required by a bound introduced by this call
  |
help: you have multiple different versions of crate `dependency` in your dependency graph
 --> src/main.rs:1:5
  |
1 | use bar::do_something;
  |     ^^^ one version of crate `dependency` is used here, as a dependency of crate `bar`
2 | use dependency::Type;
  |     ^^^^^^^^^^ one version of crate `dependency` is used here, as a direct dependency of the current crate
note: two types coming from two different versions of the same crate are different types even if they look the same
 --> /home/gh-estebank/crate_versions/baz-2/src/lib.rs:1:1
  |
1 | pub struct Type;
  | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ this type doesn't implement the required trait
  |
 ::: /home/gh-estebank/crate_versions/baz/src/lib.rs:1:1
  |
1 | pub struct Type;
  | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ this type implements the required trait
2 | pub trait Trait {}
  | --------------- this is the required trait
note: required by a bound in `bar::do_something`
 --> /home/gh-estebank/crate_versions/baz/src/lib.rs:4:24
  |
4 | pub fn do_something<X: Trait>(_: X) {}
  |                        ^^^^^ required by this bound in `do_something`
```

Address #22750.

Author: estebank

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/error_reporting/traits/fulfillment_errors.rs

@@ -1624,9 +1624,127 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         other: bool,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     ) -> bool {
-        // If we have a single implementation, try to unify it with the trait ref
-        // that failed. This should uncover a better hint for what *is* implemented.
+        let alternative_candidates = |def_id: DefId| {
+            let mut impl_candidates: Vec<_> = self
+                .tcx
+                .all_impls(def_id)
+                // Ignore automatically derived impls and `!Trait` impls.
+                .filter_map(|def_id| self.tcx.impl_trait_header(def_id))
+                .filter_map(|header| {
+                    (header.polarity != ty::ImplPolarity::Negative
+                        || self.tcx.is_automatically_derived(def_id))
+                    .then(|| header.trait_ref.instantiate_identity())
+                })
+                .filter(|trait_ref| {
+                    let self_ty = trait_ref.self_ty();
+                    // Avoid mentioning type parameters.
+                    if let ty::Param(_) = self_ty.kind() {
+                        false
+                    }
+                    // Avoid mentioning types that are private to another crate
+                    else if let ty::Adt(def, _) = self_ty.peel_refs().kind() {
+                        // FIXME(compiler-errors): This could be generalized, both to
+                        // be more granular, and probably look past other `#[fundamental]`
+                        // types, too.
+                        self.tcx.visibility(def.did()).is_accessible_from(body_def_id, self.tcx)
+                    } else {
+                        true
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            impl_candidates.sort_by_key(|tr| tr.to_string());
+            impl_candidates.dedup();
+            impl_candidates
+        };
+
+        // We'll check for the case where the reason for the mismatch is that the trait comes from
+        // one crate version and the type comes from another crate version, even though they both
+        // are from the same crate.
+        let trait_def_id = trait_ref.def_id();
+        if let ty::Adt(def, _) = trait_ref.self_ty().skip_binder().peel_refs().kind()
+            && let found_type = def.did()
+            && trait_def_id.krate != found_type.krate
+            && self.tcx.crate_name(trait_def_id.krate) == self.tcx.crate_name(found_type.krate)
+        {
+            let name = self.tcx.crate_name(trait_def_id.krate);
+            let spans: Vec<_> = [trait_def_id, found_type]
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter_map(|def_id| self.tcx.extern_crate(def_id))
+                .map(|data| {
+                    let dependency = if data.dependency_of == LOCAL_CRATE {
+                        "direct dependency of the current crate".to_string()
+                    } else {
+                        let dep = self.tcx.crate_name(data.dependency_of);
+                        format!("dependency of crate `{dep}`")
+                    };
+                    (
+                        data.span,
+                        format!("one version of crate `{name}` is used here, as a {dependency}"),
+                    )
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let mut span: MultiSpan = spans.iter().map(|(sp, _)| *sp).collect::<Vec<Span>>().into();
+            for (sp, label) in spans.into_iter() {
+                span.push_span_label(sp, label);
+            }
+            err.highlighted_span_help(
+                span,
+                vec![
+                    StringPart::normal("you have ".to_string()),
+                    StringPart::highlighted("multiple different versions".to_string()),
+                    StringPart::normal(" of crate `".to_string()),
+                    StringPart::highlighted(format!("{name}")),
+                    StringPart::normal("` in your dependency graph".to_string()),
+                ],
+            );
+            let candidates = if impl_candidates.is_empty() {
+                alternative_candidates(trait_def_id)
+            } else {
+                impl_candidates.into_iter().map(|cand| cand.trait_ref).collect()
+            };
+            if let Some((sp_candidate, sp_found)) = candidates.iter().find_map(|trait_ref| {
+                if let ty::Adt(def, _) = trait_ref.self_ty().peel_refs().kind()
+                    && let candidate_def_id = def.did()
+                    && let Some(name) = self.tcx.opt_item_name(candidate_def_id)
+                    && let Some(found) = self.tcx.opt_item_name(found_type)
+                    && name == found
+                    && candidate_def_id.krate != found_type.krate
+                    && self.tcx.crate_name(candidate_def_id.krate)
+                        == self.tcx.crate_name(found_type.krate)
+                {
+                    // A candidate was found of an item with the same name, from two separate
+                    // versions of the same crate, let's clarify.
+                    Some((self.tcx.def_span(candidate_def_id), self.tcx.def_span(found_type)))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }) {
+                let mut span: MultiSpan = vec![sp_candidate, sp_found].into();
+                span.push_span_label(self.tcx.def_span(trait_def_id), "this is the required trait");
+                span.push_span_label(sp_candidate, "this type implements the required trait");
+                span.push_span_label(
+                    sp_found,
+                    "this type doesn't implement the required trait",
+                );
+                err.highlighted_span_note(
+                    span,
+                    vec![
+                        StringPart::normal(
+                            "two types coming from two different versions of the same crate are \
+                             different types "
+                                .to_string(),
+                        ),
+                        StringPart::highlighted("even if they look the same".to_string()),
+                    ],
+                );
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
         if let [single] = &impl_candidates {
+            // If we have a single implementation, try to unify it with the trait ref
+            // that failed. This should uncover a better hint for what *is* implemented.
             if self.probe(|_| {
                 let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(self);
 
@@ -1785,37 +1903,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeErrCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 // Mentioning implementers of `Copy`, `Debug` and friends is not useful.
                 return false;
             }
-            let mut impl_candidates: Vec<_> = self
-                .tcx
-                .all_impls(def_id)
-                // Ignore automatically derived impls and `!Trait` impls.
-                .filter_map(|def_id| self.tcx.impl_trait_header(def_id))
-                .filter_map(|header| {
-                    (header.polarity != ty::ImplPolarity::Negative
-                        || self.tcx.is_automatically_derived(def_id))
-                    .then(|| header.trait_ref.instantiate_identity())
-                })
-                .filter(|trait_ref| {
-                    let self_ty = trait_ref.self_ty();
-                    // Avoid mentioning type parameters.
-                    if let ty::Param(_) = self_ty.kind() {
-                        false
-                    }
-                    // Avoid mentioning types that are private to another crate
-                    else if let ty::Adt(def, _) = self_ty.peel_refs().kind() {
-                        // FIXME(compiler-errors): This could be generalized, both to
-                        // be more granular, and probably look past other `#[fundamental]`
-                        // types, too.
-                        self.tcx.visibility(def.did()).is_accessible_from(body_def_id, self.tcx)
-                    } else {
-                        true
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect();
-
-            impl_candidates.sort_by_key(|tr| tr.to_string());
-            impl_candidates.dedup();
-            return report(impl_candidates, err);
+            return report(alternative_candidates(def_id), err);
         }
 
         // Sort impl candidates so that ordering is consistent for UI tests.