[3.13] gh-80050: Update BufferedReader.read docs around non-blocking (GH-130653) (#134445)

(cherry picked from commit e1f8914)

Co-authored-by: Cody Maloney <[email protected]>

Author: gpshead

Doc/library/io.rst

@@ -522,14 +522,13 @@ I/O Base Classes
    It inherits from :class:`IOBase`.
 
    The main difference with :class:`RawIOBase` is that methods :meth:`read`,
-   :meth:`readinto` and :meth:`write` will try (respectively) to read as much
-   input as requested or to consume all given output, at the expense of
-   making perhaps more than one system call.
+   :meth:`readinto` and :meth:`write` will try (respectively) to read
+   as much input as requested or to emit all provided data.
 
-   In addition, those methods can raise :exc:`BlockingIOError` if the
-   underlying raw stream is in non-blocking mode and cannot take or give
-   enough data; unlike their :class:`RawIOBase` counterparts, they will
-   never return ``None``.
+   In addition, if the underlying raw stream is in non-blocking mode, when the
+   system returns would block :meth:`write` will raise :exc:`BlockingIOError`
+   with :attr:`BlockingIOError.characters_written` and :meth:`read` will return
+   data read so far or ``None`` if no data is available.
 
    Besides, the :meth:`read` method does not have a default
    implementation that defers to :meth:`readinto`.
@@ -562,29 +561,40 @@ I/O Base Classes
 
    .. method:: read(size=-1, /)
 
-      Read and return up to *size* bytes.  If the argument is omitted, ``None``,
-      or negative, data is read and returned until EOF is reached.  An empty
-      :class:`bytes` object is returned if the stream is already at EOF.
+      Read and return up to *size* bytes. If the argument is omitted, ``None``,
+      or negative read as much as possible.
 
-      If the argument is positive, and the underlying raw stream is not
-      interactive, multiple raw reads may be issued to satisfy the byte count
-      (unless EOF is reached first).  But for interactive raw streams, at most
-      one raw read will be issued, and a short result does not imply that EOF is
-      imminent.
+      Fewer bytes may be returned than requested. An empty :class:`bytes` object
+      is returned if the stream is already at EOF. More than one read may be
+      made and calls may be retried if specific errors are encountered, see
+      :meth:`os.read` and :pep:`475` for more details. Less than size bytes
+      being returned does not imply that EOF is imminent.
 
-      A :exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised if the underlying raw stream is in
-      non blocking-mode, and has no data available at the moment.
+      When reading as much as possible the default implementation will use
+      ``raw.readall`` if available (which should implement
+      :meth:`RawIOBase.readall`), otherwise will read in a loop until read
+      returns ``None``, an empty :class:`bytes`, or a non-retryable error. For
+      most streams this is to EOF, but for non-blocking streams more data may
+      become available.
+
+      .. note::
+
+         When the underlying raw stream is non-blocking, implementations may
+         either raise :exc:`BlockingIOError` or return ``None`` if no data is
+         available. :mod:`io` implementations return ``None``.
 
    .. method:: read1(size=-1, /)
 
-      Read and return up to *size* bytes, with at most one call to the
-      underlying raw stream's :meth:`~RawIOBase.read` (or
-      :meth:`~RawIOBase.readinto`) method.  This can be useful if you are
-      implementing your own buffering on top of a :class:`BufferedIOBase`
-      object.
+      Read and return up to *size* bytes, calling :meth:`~RawIOBase.readinto`
+      which may retry if :py:const:`~errno.EINTR` is encountered per
+      :pep:`475`. If *size* is ``-1`` or not provided, the implementation will
+      choose an arbitrary value for *size*.
+
+      .. note::
 
-      If *size* is ``-1`` (the default), an arbitrary number of bytes are
-      returned (more than zero unless EOF is reached).
+         When the underlying raw stream is non-blocking, implementations may
+         either raise :exc:`BlockingIOError` or return ``None`` if no data is
+         available. :mod:`io` implementations return ``None``.
 
    .. method:: readinto(b, /)
 
@@ -761,20 +771,17 @@ than raw I/O does.
 
    .. method:: peek(size=0, /)
 
-      Return bytes from the stream without advancing the position.  At most one
-      single read on the raw stream is done to satisfy the call. The number of
-      bytes returned may be less or more than requested.
+      Return bytes from the stream without advancing the position. The number of
+      bytes returned may be less or more than requested. If the underlying raw
+      stream is non-blocking and the operation would block, returns empty bytes.
 
    .. method:: read(size=-1, /)
 
-      Read and return *size* bytes, or if *size* is not given or negative, until
-      EOF or if the read call would block in non-blocking mode.
+      In :class:`BufferedReader` this is the same as :meth:`io.BufferedIOBase.read`
 
    .. method:: read1(size=-1, /)
 
-      Read and return up to *size* bytes with only one call on the raw stream.
-      If at least one byte is buffered, only buffered bytes are returned.
-      Otherwise, one raw stream read call is made.
+      In :class:`BufferedReader` this is the same as :meth:`io.BufferedIOBase.read1`
 
       .. versionchanged:: 3.7
          The *size* argument is now optional.
@@ -811,8 +818,8 @@ than raw I/O does.
 
       Write the :term:`bytes-like object`, *b*, and return the
       number of bytes written.  When in non-blocking mode, a
-      :exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised if the buffer needs to be written out but
-      the raw stream blocks.
+      :exc:`BlockingIOError` with :attr:`BlockingIOError.characters_written` set
+      is raised if the buffer needs to be written out but the raw stream blocks.
 
 
 .. class:: BufferedRandom(raw, buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)