Simplifiying the "A simple tutorial" page (#4953)

* doc: Simplifiying the "A simple tutorial" page by removing the Apache and MySQL pre-requisites and using php's builtin server

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Tim Düsterhus <[email protected]>

* Update chapters/tutorial.xml

Co-authored-by: Tim Düsterhus <[email protected]>

* Adding closing tag to examples

* Removing trailing whitespace

---------

Co-authored-by: Tim Düsterhus <[email protected]>

Author: CViniciusSDias

chapters/tutorial.xml

@@ -16,52 +16,15 @@
    regular HTML pages.
   </para>
 
-  <section xml:id="tutorial.requirements">
-   <info><title>What do I need?</title></info>
-   <para>
-    In this tutorial we assume that your server has activated support
-    for PHP and that all files ending in <filename class="extension">.php</filename>
-    are handled by PHP. On most servers, this is the default extension
-    for PHP files, but ask your server administrator to be sure. If
-    your server supports PHP, then you do not need to do anything. Just
-    create your <filename class="extension">.php</filename> files, put them in your
-    web directory and the server will automatically parse them for you.
-    There is no need to compile anything nor do you need to install
-    any extra tools. Think of these PHP-enabled files as simple HTML
-    files with a whole new family of magical tags that let you do all
-    sorts of things.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    Let us say you want to save precious bandwidth and develop locally.
-    In this case, you will want to install a web server, such as
-    <link xlink:href="&url.apache;">Apache</link>, and of course
-    <link xlink:href="&url.php.downloads;">PHP</link>. You will most likely
-    want to install a database as well, such as
-    <link xlink:href="&url.mysql.docs;">MySQL</link>.
-   </para>
-   <para>
-    You can either install these individually or choose a simpler way. Our
-    manual has <link linkend="install">installation instructions for
-    PHP</link> (assuming you already have some web server set up). If
-    you have problems with installing PHP yourself, we would suggest you ask
-    your questions on our <link xlink:href="&url.php.mailing-lists;">installation
-    mailing list</link>. If you choose to go on the simpler route, then
-    <link xlink:href="&url.installkits;">locate a pre-configured package</link>
-    for your operating system,  which automatically installs all of these
-    with just a few mouse clicks. It is easy to setup a web server with PHP
-    support on any operating system, including MacOSX, Linux and Windows.
-    On Linux, you may find <link xlink:href="&url.rpmfind;">rpmfind</link> and
-    <link xlink:href="&url.rpmfind.pbone;">PBone</link> helpful for
-    locating RPMs. You may also want to visit <link
-     xlink:href="&url.apt-get;">apt-get</link> to find packages for Debian.
-   </para>
-  </section>
-
   <section xml:id="tutorial.firstpage">
    <info><title>Your first PHP-enabled page</title></info>
+   <simpara>
+    This tutorial assumes PHP is already installed.
+    Installation instructions can be found on the
+    <link xlink:href="&url.php.downloads;">download page</link>.
+   </simpara>
    <para>
-    Create a file named <filename>hello.php</filename> and put it
-    in your web server's root directory (<varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>)
+    Create a file named <filename>hello.php</filename>
     with the following content:
    </para>
    <para>
@@ -74,16 +37,24 @@
 echo "Hello World!";
 
 ?>
+]]>
+     </programlisting>
+     <simpara>
+      Using your terminal, navigate to the directory containing this file and
+      start a development server with the following command:
+     </simpara>
+     <programlisting role="shell">
+<![CDATA[
+php -S localhost:8000
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
      <simpara>
       Use your browser to access the file with your web server's URL, ending
-      with the <literal>/hello.php</literal> file reference. When developing locally this
-      URL will be something like <literal>http://localhost/hello.php</literal>
-      or <literal>http://127.0.0.1/hello.php</literal> but this depends on the
-      web server's configuration. If everything is configured correctly, this
-      file will be parsed by PHP and you will see the "Hello World" output displayed
-      in your browser.
+      with the <literal>/hello.php</literal> file reference.
+      According to the previous command executed, the URL will be
+      <literal>http://localhost:8000/hello.php</literal>.
+      If everything is configured correctly, this file will be parsed by PHP
+      and you will see the "Hello World!" output displayed in your browser.
      </simpara>
      <simpara>
       PHP can be embedded within a normal HTML web page. That means inside your HTML document
@@ -130,20 +101,7 @@ echo "Hello World!";
     to pass on to PHP. Think of this as a normal HTML file which happens to have
     a set of special tags available to you that do a lot of interesting things.
    </para>
-   <para>
-    If you tried this example and it did not output anything, it prompted
-    for download, or you see the whole file as text, chances are that the
-    server you are on does not have PHP enabled, or is not configured properly.
-    Ask your administrator to enable it for you using the
-    <link linkend="install">Installation</link> chapter
-    of the manual. If you are developing locally, also read the
-    installation chapter to make sure everything is configured
-    properly. Make sure that you access the file via http with the server
-    providing you the output. If you just call up the file from your file
-    system, then it will not be parsed by PHP. If the problems persist anyway,
-    do not hesitate to use one of the many
-    <link xlink:href="&url.php.support;">PHP support</link> options.
-   </para>
+
    <para>
     The point of the example is to show the special PHP tag format.
     In this example we used <literal>&lt;?php</literal> to indicate the
@@ -206,7 +164,11 @@ echo "Hello World!";
      <info><title>Get system information from PHP</title></info>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
-<?php phpinfo(); ?>
+<?php
+
+phpinfo();
+
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
@@ -242,7 +204,9 @@ echo "Hello World!";
     <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
+
 echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
+
 ?>
 ]]>
     </programlisting>
@@ -283,9 +247,11 @@ Mozilla/5.0 (Linux) Firefox/112.0
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
+
 if (str_contains($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'Firefox')) {
     echo 'You are using Firefox.';
 }
+
 ?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>