sdiahci.c

/*
 * ahci serial ata driver
 * copyright © 2007-8 coraid, inc.
 *
 * there was a great deal of locking of single operations (e.g.,
 * atomic assignments); it's not clear what that locking was intended to
 * prevent.
 */

#include "u.h"
#include "../port/lib.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "dat.h"
#include "fns.h"
#include "io.h"
#include "../port/error.h"
#include "../port/sd.h"
#include "ahci.h"

#define	dprint(...)	if(debug)	iprint(__VA_ARGS__); else USED(debug)
#define	idprint(...)	if(prid)	iprint(__VA_ARGS__);  else USED(prid)
#define	aprint(...)	if(datapi)	iprint(__VA_ARGS__);  else USED(datapi)

#define Tname(c)	tname[(c)->type]
#define Intel(x)	((x)->pci->vid == 0x8086)

enum {
	NCtlr	= 16,
	NCtlrdrv= 32,
	NDrive	= NCtlr*NCtlrdrv,

	Read	= 0,
	Write,

	Nms	= 256,			/* ms. between drive checks */
	Mphywait=  2*1024/Nms - 1,
	Midwait	= 16*1024/Nms - 1,
	Mcomrwait= 64*1024/Nms - 1,

	Obs	= 0xa0,			/* obsolete device bits */

	/*
	 * if we get more than this many interrupts per tick for a drive,
	 * either the hardware is broken or we've got a bug in this driver.
	 */
	Maxintrspertick = 2000,		/* was 1000 */
};

/* pci space configuration */
enum {
	Pmap	= 0x90,
	Ppcs	= 0x91,
	Prev	= 0xa8,
};

enum {
	Tesb,
	Tich,
	Tsb600,
	Tunk,
};

static char *tname[] = {
	"63xxesb",
	"ich",
	"sb600",
	"unknown",
};

enum {
	Dnull,
	Dmissing,
	Dnew,
	Dready,
	Derror,
	Dreset,
	Doffline,
	Dportreset,
	Dlast,
};

static char *diskstates[Dlast] = {
	"null",
	"missing",
	"new",
	"ready",
	"error",
	"reset",
	"offline",
	"portreset",
};

enum {
	DMautoneg,
	DMsatai,
	DMsataii,
	DMsata3,
};

static char *modename[] = {		/* used in control messages */
	"auto",
	"satai",
	"sataii",
	"sata3",
};
static char *descmode[] = {		/*  only printed */
	"auto",
	"sata 1",
	"sata 2",
	"sata 3",
};

static char *flagname[] = {
	"llba",
	"smart",
	"power",
	"nop",
	"atapi",
	"atapi16",
};

typedef struct Asleep Asleep;
typedef struct Ctlr Ctlr;
typedef struct Drive Drive;

struct Drive {
	Lock;

	Ctlr	*ctlr;
	SDunit	*unit;
	char	name[10];
	Aport	*port;
	Aportm	portm;
	Aportc	portc;		/* redundant ptr to port and portm */

	uchar	mediachange;
	uchar	state;
	uchar	smartrs;

	uvlong	sectors;
	ulong	secsize;
	ulong	intick;		/* start tick of current transfer */
	ulong	lastseen;
	int	wait;
	uchar	mode;		/* DMautoneg, satai or sataii */
	uchar	active;

	char	serial[20+1];
	char	firmware[8+1];
	char	model[40+1];

	int	infosz;
	ushort	*info;
	ushort	tinyinfo[2];	/* used iff malloc fails */

	int	driveno;	/* ctlr*NCtlrdrv + unit */
	/* controller port # != driveno when not all ports are enabled */
	int	portno;

	ulong	lastintr0;
	ulong	intrs;
};

struct Ctlr {
	Lock;

	int	type;
	int	enabled;
	SDev	*sdev;
	Pcidev	*pci;
	void*	vector;

	/* virtual register addresses */
	uchar	*mmio;
	ulong	*lmmio;
	Ahba	*hba;

	/* phyical register address */
	uchar	*physio;

	Drive	*rawdrive;
	Drive	*drive[NCtlrdrv];
	int	ndrive;
	int	mport;		/* highest drive # (0-origin) on ich9 at least */

	ulong	lastintr0;
	ulong	intrs;		/* not attributable to any drive */
};

struct Asleep {
	Aport	*p;
	int	i;
};

extern SDifc sdiahciifc;

static	Ctlr	iactlr[NCtlr];
static	SDev	sdevs[NCtlr];
static	int	niactlr;

static	Drive	*iadrive[NDrive];
static	int	niadrive;

/* these are fiddled in iawtopctl() */
static	int	debug;
static	int	prid = 1;
static	int	datapi;

static char stab[] = {
[0]	'i', 'm',
[8]	't', 'c', 'p', 'e',
[16]	'N', 'I', 'W', 'B', 'D', 'C', 'H', 'S', 'T', 'F', 'X'
};

static void
serrstr(ulong r, char *s, char *e)
{
	int i;

	e -= 3;
	for(i = 0; i < nelem(stab) && s < e; i++)
		if(r & (1<<i) && stab[i]){
			*s++ = stab[i];
			if(SerrBad & (1<<i))
				*s++ = '*';
		}
	*s = 0;
}

static char ntab[] = "0123456789abcdef";

static void
preg(uchar *reg, int n)
{
	int i;
	char buf[25*3+1], *e;

	e = buf;
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		*e++ = ntab[reg[i]>>4];
		*e++ = ntab[reg[i]&0xf];
		*e++ = ' ';
	}
	*e++ = '\n';
	*e = 0;
	dprint(buf);
}

static void
dreg(char *s, Aport *p)
{
	dprint("ahci: %stask=%#lux; cmd=%#lux; ci=%#lux; is=%#lux\n",
		s, p->task, p->cmd, p->ci, p->isr);
}

static void
esleep(int ms)
{
	if(waserror())
		return;
	tsleep(&up->sleep, return0, 0, ms);
	poperror();
}

static int
ahciclear(void *v)
{
	Asleep *s;

	s = v;
	return (s->p->ci & s->i) == 0;
}

static void
aesleep(Aportm *pm, Asleep *a, int ms)
{
	if(waserror())
		return;
	tsleep(pm, ahciclear, a, ms);
	poperror();
}

static int
ahciwait(Aportc *c, int ms)
{
	Asleep as;
	Aport *p;

	p = c->p;
	p->ci = 1;
	as.p = p;
	as.i = 1;
	aesleep(c->pm, &as, ms);
	if((p->task&1) == 0 && p->ci == 0)
		return 0;
	dreg("ahciwait timeout ", c->p);
	return -1;
}

/* fill in cfis boilerplate */
static uchar *
cfissetup(Aportc *pc)
{
	uchar *cfis;

	cfis = pc->pm->ctab->cfis;
	memset(cfis, 0, 0x20);
	cfis[0] = 0x27;
	cfis[1] = 0x80;
	cfis[7] = Obs;
	return cfis;
}

/* initialise pc's list */
static void
listsetup(Aportc *pc, int flags)
{
	Alist *list;

	list = pc->pm->list;
	list->flags = flags | 5;
	list->len = 0;
	list->ctab = PCIWADDR(pc->pm->ctab);
	list->ctabhi = 0;
}

static int
nop(Aportc *pc)
{
	uchar *c;

	if((pc->pm->feat & Dnop) == 0)
		return -1;
	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[2] = 0;
	listsetup(pc, Lwrite);
	return ahciwait(pc, 3*1000);
}

static int
setfeatures(Aportc *pc, uchar f)
{
	uchar *c;

	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[2] = 0xef;
	c[3] = f;
	listsetup(pc, Lwrite);
	return ahciwait(pc, 3*1000);
}

static int
setudmamode(Aportc *pc, uchar f)
{
	uchar *c;

	/* hack */
	if((pc->p->sig >> 16) == 0xeb14)
		return 0;
	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[2] = 0xef;
	c[3] = 3;		/* set transfer mode */
	c[12] = 0x40 | f;	/* sector count */
	listsetup(pc, Lwrite);
	return ahciwait(pc, 3*1000);
}

static void
asleep(int ms)
{
	if(up == nil)
		delay(ms);
	else
		esleep(ms);
}

static int
ahciportreset(Aportc *c)
{
	ulong *cmd, i;
	Aport *p;

	p = c->p;
	cmd = &p->cmd;
	*cmd &= ~(Afre|Ast);
	for(i = 0; i < 500; i += 25){
		if((*cmd&Acr) == 0)
			break;
		asleep(25);
	}
	p->sctl = 1|(p->sctl&~7);
	delay(1);
	p->sctl &= ~7;
	return 0;
}

static int
smart(Aportc *pc, int n)
{
	uchar *c;

	if((pc->pm->feat&Dsmart) == 0)
		return -1;
	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[2] = 0xb0;
	c[3] = 0xd8 + n;	/* able smart */
	c[5] = 0x4f;
	c[6] = 0xc2;
	listsetup(pc, Lwrite);
	if(ahciwait(pc, 1000) == -1 || pc->p->task & (1|32)){
		dprint("ahci: smart fail %#lux\n", pc->p->task);
//		preg(pc->pm->fis.r, 20);
		return -1;
	}
	if(n)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

static int
smartrs(Aportc *pc)
{
	uchar *c;

	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[2] = 0xb0;
	c[3] = 0xda;		/* return smart status */
	c[5] = 0x4f;
	c[6] = 0xc2;
	listsetup(pc, Lwrite);

	c = pc->pm->fis.r;
	if(ahciwait(pc, 1000) == -1 || pc->p->task & (1|32)){
		dprint("ahci: smart fail %#lux\n", pc->p->task);
		preg(c, 20);
		return -1;
	}
	if(c[5] == 0x4f && c[6] == 0xc2)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static int
ahciflushcache(Aportc *pc)
{
	uchar *c;

	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[2] = pc->pm->feat & Dllba? 0xea: 0xe7;
	listsetup(pc, Lwrite);
	if(ahciwait(pc, 60000) == -1 || pc->p->task & (1|32)){
		dprint("ahciflushcache: fail %#lux\n", pc->p->task);
//		preg(pc->pm->fis.r, 20);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static ushort
gbit16(void *a)
{
	uchar *i;

	i = a;
	return i[1]<<8 | i[0];
}

static ulong
gbit32(void *a)
{
	ulong j;
	uchar *i;

	i = a;
	j  = i[3] << 24;
	j |= i[2] << 16;
	j |= i[1] << 8;
	j |= i[0];
	return j;
}

static uvlong
gbit64(void *a)
{
	uchar *i;

	i = a;
	return (uvlong)gbit32(i+4) << 32 | gbit32(a);
}

static int
ahciidentify0(Aportc *pc, void *id, int atapi)
{
	uchar *c;
	Aprdt *p;
	static uchar tab[] = { 0xec, 0xa1, };

	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[2] = tab[atapi];
	listsetup(pc, 1<<16);

	memset(id, 0, 0x100);			/* magic */
	p = &pc->pm->ctab->prdt;
	p->dba = PCIWADDR(id);
	p->dbahi = 0;
	p->count = 1<<31 | (0x200-2) | 1;
	return ahciwait(pc, 3*1000);
}

static vlong
ahciidentify(Aportc *pc, ushort *id)
{
	int i, sig;
	vlong s;
	Aportm *pm;

	pm = pc->pm;
	pm->feat = 0;
	pm->smart = 0;
	i = 0;
	sig = pc->p->sig >> 16;
	if(sig == 0xeb14){
		pm->feat |= Datapi;
		i = 1;
	}
	if(ahciidentify0(pc, id, i) == -1)
		return -1;

	i = gbit16(id+83) | gbit16(id+86);
	if(i & (1<<10)){
		pm->feat |= Dllba;
		s = gbit64(id+100);
	}else
		s = gbit32(id+60);

	if(pm->feat&Datapi){
		i = gbit16(id+0);
		if(i&1)
			pm->feat |= Datapi16;
	}

	i = gbit16(id+83);
	if((i>>14) == 1) {
		if(i & (1<<3))
			pm->feat |= Dpower;
		i = gbit16(id+82);
		if(i & 1)
			pm->feat |= Dsmart;
		if(i & (1<<14))
			pm->feat |= Dnop;
	}
	return s;
}

static int
ahciquiet(Aport *a)
{
	ulong *p, i;

	p = &a->cmd;
	*p &= ~Ast;
	for(i = 0; i < 500; i += 50){
		if((*p & Acr) == 0)
			goto stop;
		asleep(50);
	}
	return -1;
stop:
	if((a->task & (ASdrq|ASbsy)) == 0){
		*p |= Ast;
		return 0;
	}

	*p |= Aclo;
	for(i = 0; i < 500; i += 50){
		if((*p & Aclo) == 0)
			goto stop1;
		asleep(50);
	}
	return -1;
stop1:
	/* extra check */
	dprint("ahci: clo clear %#lx\n", a->task);
	if(a->task & ASbsy)
		return -1;
	*p |= Ast;
	return 0;
}

static int
ahcicomreset(Aportc *pc)
{
	uchar *c;

	dprint("ahcicomreset\n");
	dreg("ahci: comreset ", pc->p);
	if(ahciquiet(pc->p) == -1){
		dprint("ahciquiet failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	dreg("comreset ", pc->p);

	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[1] = 0;
	c[15] = 1<<2;		/* srst */
	listsetup(pc, Lclear | Lreset);
	if(ahciwait(pc, 500) == -1){
		dprint("ahcicomreset: first command failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	microdelay(250);
	dreg("comreset ", pc->p);

	c = cfissetup(pc);
	c[1] = 0;
	listsetup(pc, Lwrite);
	if(ahciwait(pc, 150) == -1){
		dprint("ahcicomreset: second command failed\n");
		return -1;
	}
	dreg("comreset ", pc->p);
	return 0;
}

static int
ahciidle(Aport *port)
{
	ulong *p, i, r;

	p = &port->cmd;
	if((*p & Arun) == 0)
		return 0;
	*p &= ~Ast;
	r = 0;
	for(i = 0; i < 500; i += 25){
		if((*p & Acr) == 0)
			goto stop;
		asleep(25);
	}
	r = -1;
stop:
	if((*p & Afre) == 0)
		return r;
	*p &= ~Afre;
	for(i = 0; i < 500; i += 25){
		if((*p & Afre) == 0)
			return 0;
		asleep(25);
	}
	return -1;
}

/*
 * § 6.2.2.1  first part; comreset handled by reset disk.
 *	- remainder is handled by configdisk.
 *	- ahcirecover is a quick recovery from a failed command.
 */
static int
ahciswreset(Aportc *pc)
{
	int i;

	i = ahciidle(pc->p);
	pc->p->cmd |= Afre;
	if(i == -1)
		return -1;
	if(pc->p->task & (ASdrq|ASbsy))
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

static int
ahcirecover(Aportc *pc)
{
	ahciswreset(pc);
	pc->p->cmd |= Ast;
	if(setudmamode(pc, 5) == -1)
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

static void*
malign(int size, int align)
{
	return mallocalign(size, align, 0, 0);
}

static void
setupfis(Afis *f)
{
	f->base = malign(0x100, 0x100);		/* magic */
	f->d = f->base + 0;
	f->p = f->base + 0x20;
	f->r = f->base + 0x40;
	f->u = f->base + 0x60;
	f->devicebits = (ulong*)(f->base + 0x58);
}

static void
ahciwakeup(Aport *p)
{
	ushort s;

	s = p->sstatus;
	if((s & Intpm) != Intslumber && (s & Intpm) != Intpartpwr)
		return;
	if((s & Devdet) != Devpresent){	/* not (device, no phy) */
		iprint("ahci: slumbering drive unwakable %#ux\n", s);
		return;
	}
	p->sctl = 3*Aipm | 0*Aspd | Adet;
	delay(1);
	p->sctl &= ~7;
//	iprint("ahci: wake %#ux -> %#ux\n", s, p->sstatus);
}

static int
ahciconfigdrive(Drive *d)
{
	char *name;
	Ahba *h;
	Aport *p;
	Aportm *pm;

	h = d->ctlr->hba;
	p = d->portc.p;
	pm = d->portc.pm;
	if(pm->list == 0){
		setupfis(&pm->fis);
		pm->list = malign(sizeof *pm->list, 1024);
		pm->ctab = malign(sizeof *pm->ctab, 128);
	}

	if (d->unit)
		name = d->unit->name;
	else
		name = nil;
	if(p->sstatus & (Devphycomm|Devpresent) && h->cap & Hsss){
		/* device connected & staggered spin-up */
		dprint("ahci: configdrive: %s: spinning up ... [%#lux]\n",
			name, p->sstatus);
		p->cmd |= Apod|Asud;
		asleep(1400);
	}

	p->serror = SerrAll;

	p->list = PCIWADDR(pm->list);
	p->listhi = 0;
	p->fis = PCIWADDR(pm->fis.base);
	p->fishi = 0;
	p->cmd |= Afre|Ast;

	/* drive coming up in slumbering? */
	if((p->sstatus & Devdet) == Devpresent &&
	   ((p->sstatus & Intpm) == Intslumber ||
	    (p->sstatus & Intpm) == Intpartpwr))
		ahciwakeup(p);

	/* "disable power managment" sequence from book. */
	p->sctl = (3*Aipm) | (d->mode*Aspd) | (0*Adet);
	p->cmd &= ~Aalpe;

	p->ie = IEM;

	return 0;
}

static void
ahcienable(Ahba *h)
{
	h->ghc |= Hie;
}

static void
ahcidisable(Ahba *h)
{
	h->ghc &= ~Hie;
}

static int
countbits(ulong u)
{
	int n;

	n = 0;
	for (; u != 0; u >>= 1)
		if(u & 1)
			n++;
	return n;
}

static int
ahciconf(Ctlr *ctlr)
{
	Ahba *h;
	ulong u;

	h = ctlr->hba = (Ahba*)ctlr->mmio;
	u = h->cap;

	if((u&Hsam) == 0)
		h->ghc |= Hae;

	dprint("#S/sd%c: type %s port %#p: sss %ld ncs %ld coal %ld "
		"%ld ports, led %ld clo %ld ems %ld\n",
		ctlr->sdev->idno, tname[ctlr->type], h,
		(u>>27) & 1, (u>>8) & 0x1f, (u>>7) & 1,
		(u & 0x1f) + 1, (u>>25) & 1, (u>>24) & 1, (u>>6) & 1);
	return countbits(h->pi);
}

static int
ahcihbareset(Ahba *h)
{
	int wait;

	h->ghc |= 1;
	for(wait = 0; wait < 1000; wait += 100){
		if(h->ghc == 0)
			return 0;
		delay(100);
	}
	return -1;
}

static void
idmove(char *p, ushort *a, int n)
{
	int i;
	char *op, *e;

	op = p;
	for(i = 0; i < n/2; i++){
		*p++ = a[i] >> 8;
		*p++ = a[i];
	}
	*p = 0;
	while(p > op && *--p == ' ')
		*p = 0;
	e = p;
	for (p = op; *p == ' '; p++)
		;
	memmove(op, p, n - (e - p));
}

static int
identify(Drive *d)
{
	ushort *id;
	vlong osectors, s;
	uchar oserial[21];
	SDunit *u;

	if(d->info == nil) {
		d->infosz = 512 * sizeof(ushort);
		d->info = malloc(d->infosz);
	}
	if(d->info == nil) {
		d->info = d->tinyinfo;
		d->infosz = sizeof d->tinyinfo;
	}
	id = d->info;
	s = ahciidentify(&d->portc, id);
	if(s == -1){
		d->state = Derror;
		return -1;
	}
	osectors = d->sectors;
	memmove(oserial, d->serial, sizeof d->serial);

	u = d->unit;
	d->sectors = s;
	d->secsize = u->secsize;
	if(d->secsize == 0)
		d->secsize = 512;		/* default */
	d->smartrs = 0;

	idmove(d->serial, id+10, 20);
	idmove(d->firmware, id+23, 8);
	idmove(d->model, id+27, 40);

	memset(u->inquiry, 0, sizeof u->inquiry);
	u->inquiry[2] = 2;
	u->inquiry[3] = 2;
	u->inquiry[4] = sizeof u->inquiry - 4;
	memmove(u->inquiry+8, d->model, 40);

	if(osectors != s || memcmp(oserial, d->serial, sizeof oserial) != 0){
		d->mediachange = 1;
		u->sectors = 0;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void
clearci(Aport *p)
{
	if(p->cmd & Ast) {
		p->cmd &= ~Ast;
		p->cmd |=  Ast;
	}
}

static void
updatedrive(Drive *d)
{
	ulong cause, serr, s0, pr, ewake;
	char *name;
	Aport *p;
	static ulong last;

	pr = 1;
	ewake = 0;
	p = d->port;
	cause = p->isr;
	serr = p->serror;
	p->isr = cause;
	name = "??";
	if(d->unit && d->unit->name)
		name = d->unit->name;

	if(p->ci == 0){
		d->portm.flag |= Fdone;
		wakeup(&d->portm);
		pr = 0;
	}else if(cause & Adps)
		pr = 0;
	if(cause & Ifatal){
		ewake = 1;
		dprint("ahci: updatedrive: %s: fatal\n", name);
	}
	if(cause & Adhrs){
		if(p->task & (1<<5|1)){
			dprint("ahci: %s: Adhrs cause %#lux serr %#lux task %#lux\n",
				name, cause, serr, p->task);
			d->portm.flag |= Ferror;
			ewake = 1;
		}
		pr = 0;
	}
	if(p->task & 1 && last != cause)
		dprint("%s: err ca %#lux serr %#lux task %#lux sstat %#lux\n",
			name, cause, serr, p->task, p->sstatus);
	if(pr)
		dprint("%s: upd %#lux ta %#lux\n", name, cause, p->task);

	if(cause & (Aprcs|Aifs)){
		s0 = d->state;
		switch(p->sstatus & Devdet){
		case 0:				/* no device */
			d->state = Dmissing;
			break;
		case Devpresent:		/* device but no phy comm. */
			if((p->sstatus & Intpm) == Intslumber ||
			   (p->sstatus & Intpm) == Intpartpwr)
				d->state = Dnew; /* slumbering */
			else
				d->state = Derror;
			break;
		case Devpresent|Devphycomm:
			/* power mgnt crap for surprise removal */
			p->ie |= Aprcs|Apcs;	/* is this required? */
			d->state = Dreset;
			break;
		case Devphyoffline:
			d->state = Doffline;
			break;
		}
		dprint("%s: %s → %s [Apcrs] %#lux\n", name,
			diskstates[s0], diskstates[d->state], p->sstatus);
		/* print pulled message here. */
		if(s0 == Dready && d->state != Dready)
			idprint("%s: pulled\n", name);
		if(d->state != Dready)
			d->portm.flag |= Ferror;
		ewake = 1;
	}
	p->serror = serr;
	if(ewake){
		clearci(p);
		wakeup(&d->portm);
	}
	last = cause;
}

static void
pstatus(Drive *d, ulong s)
{
	/*
	 * s is masked with Devdet.
	 *
	 * bogus code because the first interrupt is currently dropped.
	 * likely my fault.  serror may be cleared at the wrong time.
	 */
	switch(s){
	case 0:			/* no device */
		d->state = Dmissing;
		break;
	case Devpresent:	/* device but no phy. comm. */
		break;
	case Devphycomm:	/* should this be missing?  need testcase. */
		dprint("ahci: pstatus 2\n");
		/* fallthrough */
	case Devpresent|Devphycomm:
		d->wait = 0;
		d->state = Dnew;
		break;
	case Devphyoffline:
		d->state = Doffline;
		break;
	case Devphyoffline|Devphycomm:	/* does this make sense? */
		d->state = Dnew;
		break;
	}
}

static int
configdrive(Drive *d)
{
	if(ahciconfigdrive(d) == -1)
		return -1;
	ilock(d);
	pstatus(d, d->port->sstatus & Devdet);
	iunlock(d);
	return 0;
}

static void
resetdisk(Drive *d)
{
	uint state, det, stat;
	Aport *p;

	p = d->port;
	det = p->sctl & 7;
	stat = p->sstatus & Devdet;
	state = (p->cmd>>28) & 0xf;
	dprint("ahci: resetdisk: icc %#ux  det %d sdet %d\n", state, det, stat);

	ilock(d);
	state = d->state;
	if(d->state != Dready || d->state != Dnew)
		d->portm.flag |= Ferror;
	clearci(p);			/* satisfy sleep condition. */
	wakeup(&d->portm);
	if(stat != (Devpresent|Devphycomm)){
		/* device absent or phy not communicating */
		d->state = Dportreset;
		iunlock(d);
		return;
	}
	d->state = Derror;
	iunlock(d);

	qlock(&d->portm);
	if(p->cmd&Ast && ahciswreset(&d->portc) == -1){
		d->state = Dportreset;	/* get a bigger stick. */
	} else {
		d->state = Dmissing;
		configdrive(d);
	}
	dprint("ahci: %s: resetdisk: %s → %s\n", (d->unit? d->unit->name: nil),
		diskstates[state], diskstates[d->state]);
	qunlock(&d->portm);
}

static int
newdrive(Drive *d)
{
	char *name;
	Aportc *c;
	Aportm *pm;

	c = &d->portc;
	pm = &d->portm;

	name = d->unit->name;
	if(name == 0)
		name = "??";

	if(d->port->task == 0x80)
		return -1;
	qlock(c->pm);
	if(setudmamode(c, 5) == -1){
		dprint("%s: can't set udma mode\n", name);
		goto lose;
	}
	if(identify(d) == -1){
		dprint("%s: identify failure\n", name);
		goto lose;
	}
	if(pm->feat & Dpower && setfeatures(c, 0x85) == -1){
		pm->feat &= ~Dpower;
		if(ahcirecover(c) == -1)
			goto lose;
	}

	d->state = Dready;

	qunlock(c->pm);

	idprint("%s: %sLBA %,llud sectors: %s %s %s %s\n", d->unit->name,
		(pm->feat & Dllba? "L": ""), d->sectors, d->model, d->firmware,
		d->serial, d->mediachange? "[mediachange]": "");
	return 0;

lose:
	idprint("%s: can't be initialized\n", d->unit->name);
	d->state = Dnull;
	qunlock(c->pm);
	return -1;
}

static void
westerndigitalhung(Drive *d)
{
	if((d->portm.feat&Datapi) == 0 && d->active &&
	    TK2MS(sys->ticks - d->intick) > 5000){
		dprint("%s: drive hung; resetting [%#lux] ci %#lx\n",
			d->unit->name, d->port->task, d->port->ci);
		d->state = Dreset;
	}
}

static ushort olds[NCtlr*NCtlrdrv];

static int
doportreset(Drive *d)
{
	int i;

	i = -1;
	qlock(&d->portm);
	if(ahciportreset(&d->portc) == -1)
		dprint("ahci: doportreset: fails\n");
	else
		i = 0;
	qunlock(&d->portm);
	dprint("ahci: doportreset: portreset → %s  [task %#lux]\n",
		diskstates[d->state], d->port->task);
	return i;
}

/* drive must be locked */
static void
statechange(Drive *d)
{
	switch(d->state){
	case Dnull:
	case Doffline:
		if(d->unit->sectors != 0){
			d->sectors = 0;
			d->mediachange = 1;
		}
		/* fallthrough */
	case Dready:
		d->wait = 0;
		break;
	}
}

static void
checkdrive(Drive *d, int i)
{
	ushort s;
	char *name;

	if(d == nil) {
		print("checkdrive: nil d\n");
		return;
	}
	ilock(d);
	if(d->unit == nil || d->port == nil) {
		if(0)
			print("checkdrive: nil d->%s\n",
				d->unit == nil? "unit": "port");
		iunlock(d);
		return;
	}
	name = d->unit->name;
	s = d->port->sstatus;
	if(s)
		d->lastseen = sys->ticks;
	if(s != olds[i]){
		dprint("%s: status: %06#ux -> %06#ux: %s\n",
			name, olds[i], s, diskstates[d->state]);
		olds[i] = s;
		d->wait = 0;
	}
	westerndigitalhung(d);

	switch(d->state){
	case Dnull:
	case Dready:
		break;
	case Dmissing:
	case Dnew:
		switch(s & (Intactive | Devdet)){
		case Devpresent:  /* no device (pm), device but no phy. comm. */
			ahciwakeup(d->port);
			/* fall through */
		case 0:			/* no device */
			break;
		default:
			dprint("%s: unknown status %06#ux\n", name, s);
			/* fall through */
		case Intactive:		/* active, no device */
			if(++d->wait&Mphywait)
				break;
reset:
			if(++d->mode > DMsataii)
				d->mode = 0;
			if(d->mode == DMsatai){	/* we tried everything */
				d->state = Dportreset;
				goto portreset;
			}
			dprint("%s: reset; new mode %s\n", name,
				modename[d->mode]);
			iunlock(d);
			resetdisk(d);
			ilock(d);
			break;
		case Intactive|Devphycomm|Devpresent:
			if((++d->wait&Midwait) == 0){
				dprint("%s: slow reset %06#ux task=%#lux; %d\n",
					name, s, d->port->task, d->wait);
				goto reset;
			}
			s = (uchar)d->port->task;
			if(s == 0x7f || ((d->port->sig >> 16) != 0xeb14 &&
			    (s & ~0x17) != (1<<6)))
				break;
			iunlock(d);
			newdrive(d);
			ilock(d);
			break;
		}
		break;
	case Doffline:
		if(d->wait++ & Mcomrwait)
			break;
		/* fallthrough */
	case Derror:
	case Dreset:
		dprint("%s: reset [%s]: mode %d; status %06#ux\n",
			name, diskstates[d->state], d->mode, s);
		iunlock(d);
		resetdisk(d);
		ilock(d);
		break;
	case Dportreset:
portreset:
		if(d->wait++ & 0xff && (s & Intactive) == 0)
			break;
		/* device is active */
		dprint("%s: portreset [%s]: mode %d; status %06#ux\n",
			name, diskstates[d->state], d->mode, s);
		d->portm.flag |= Ferror;
		clearci(d->port);
		wakeup(&d->portm);
		if((s & Devdet) == 0){	/* no device */
			d->state = Dmissing;
			break;
		}
		iunlock(d);
		doportreset(d);
		ilock(d);
		break;
	}
	statechange(d);
	iunlock(d);
}

static void
satakproc(void*)
{
	int i;

	for(;;){
		tsleep(&up->sleep, return0, 0, Nms);
		for(i = 0; i < niadrive; i++)
			if(iadrive[i] != nil)
				checkdrive(iadrive[i], i);
	}
}

static void
isctlrjabbering(Ctlr *c, ulong cause)
{
	ulong now;

	now = TK2MS(sys->ticks);
	if (now > c->lastintr0) {
		c->intrs = 0;
		c->lastintr0 = now;
	}
	if (++c->intrs > Maxintrspertick)
		panic("sdiahci: too many intrs per tick for no serviced "
			"drive; cause %#lux mport %d", cause, c->mport);
}

static void
isdrivejabbering(Drive *d)
{
	ulong now;

	now = TK2MS(sys->ticks);
	if (now > d->lastintr0) {
		d->intrs = 0;
		d->lastintr0 = now;
	}
	if (++d->intrs > Maxintrspertick)
		panic("sdiahci: too many interrupts per tick for %s",
			d->unit->name);
}

static void
iainterrupt(Ureg*, void *a)
{
	int i;
	ulong cause, mask;
	Ctlr *c;
	Drive *d;

	c = a;
	ilock(c);
	cause = c->hba->isr;
	if (cause == 0) {
		isctlrjabbering(c, cause);
		// iprint("sdiahci: interrupt for no drive\n");
		iunlock(c);
		return;
	}
	for(i = 0; cause && i <= c->mport; i++){
		mask = 1 << i;
		if((cause & mask) == 0)
			continue;
		d = c->rawdrive + i;
		ilock(d);
		isdrivejabbering(d);
		if(d->port->isr && c->hba->pi & mask)
			updatedrive(d);
		c->hba->isr = mask;
		iunlock(d);

		cause &= ~mask;
	}
	if (cause) {
		isctlrjabbering(c, cause);
		iprint("sdiachi: intr cause unserviced: %#lux\n", cause);
	}
	iunlock(c);
}

/* checkdrive, called from satakproc, will prod the drive while we wait */
static void
awaitspinup(Drive *d)
{
	int ms;
	ushort s;
	char *name;

	ilock(d);
	if(d->unit == nil || d->port == nil) {
		panic("awaitspinup: nil d->unit or d->port");
		iunlock(d);
		return;
	}
	name = (d->unit? d->unit->name: nil);
	s = d->port->sstatus;
	if(!(s & Devpresent)) {			/* never going to be ready */
		dprint("awaitspinup: %s absent, not waiting\n", name);
		iunlock(d);
		return;
	}

	for (ms = 20000; ms > 0; ms -= 50)
		switch(d->state){
		case Dnull:
			/* absent; done */
			iunlock(d);
			dprint("awaitspinup: %s in null state\n", name);
			return;
		case Dready:
		case Dnew:
			if(d->sectors || d->mediachange) {
				/* ready to use; done */
				iunlock(d);
				dprint("awaitspinup: %s ready!\n", name);
				return;
			}
			/* fall through */
		default:
		case Dmissing:			/* normal waiting states */
		case Dreset:
		case Doffline:			/* transitional states */
		case Derror:
		case Dportreset:
			iunlock(d);
			asleep(50);
			ilock(d);
			break;
		}
	print("awaitspinup: %s didn't spin up after 20 seconds\n", name);
	iunlock(d);
}

static int
iaverify(SDunit *u)
{
	Ctlr *c;
	Drive *d;

	c = u->dev->ctlr;
	d = c->drive[u->subno];
	ilock(c);
	ilock(d);
	d->unit = u;
	iunlock(d);
	iunlock(c);
	checkdrive(d, d->driveno);		/* c->d0 + d->driveno */

	/*
	 * hang around until disks are spun up and thus available as
	 * nvram, dos file systems, etc.  you wouldn't expect it, but
	 * the intel 330 ssd takes a while to `spin up'.
	 */
	awaitspinup(d);
	return 1;
}

static int
iaenable(SDev *s)
{
	char name[32];
	Ctlr *c;
	static int once;

	c = s->ctlr;
	ilock(c);
	if(!c->enabled) {
		if(once == 0) {
			once = 1;
			kproc("ahci", satakproc, 0);
		}
		if(c->ndrive == 0)
			panic("iaenable: zero s->ctlr->ndrive");
		pcisetbme(c->pci);
		snprint(name, sizeof name, "%s (%s)", s->name, s->ifc->name);
		c->vector = intrenable(c->pci->intl, iainterrupt, c, c->pci->tbdf, name);
		/* supposed to squelch leftover interrupts here. */
		ahcienable(c->hba);
		c->enabled = 1;
	}
	iunlock(c);
	return 1;
}

static int
iadisable(SDev *s)
{
	char name[32];
	Ctlr *c;

	c = s->ctlr;
	ilock(c);
	ahcidisable(c->hba);
	snprint(name, sizeof name, "%s (%s)", s->name, s->ifc->name);
	intrdisable(c->vector);
	c->enabled = 0;
	iunlock(c);
	return 1;
}

static int
iaonline(SDunit *unit)
{
	int r;
	Ctlr *c;
	Drive *d;

	c = unit->dev->ctlr;
	d = c->drive[unit->subno];
	r = 0;

	if(d->portm.feat & Datapi && d->mediachange){
		r = scsionline(unit);
		if(r > 0)
			d->mediachange = 0;
		return r;
	}

	ilock(d);
	if(d->mediachange){
		r = 2;
		d->mediachange = 0;
		/* devsd resets this after online is called; why? */
		unit->sectors = d->sectors;
		unit->secsize = 512;		/* default size */
	} else if(d->state == Dready)
		r = 1;
	iunlock(d);
	return r;
}

/* returns locked list! */
static Alist*
ahcibuild(Drive *d, uchar *cmd, void *data, int n, vlong lba)
{
	uchar *c, acmd, dir, llba;
	Alist *l;
	Actab *t;
	Aportm *pm;
	Aprdt *p;
	static uchar tab[2][2] = { 0xc8, 0x25, 0xca, 0x35, };

	pm = &d->portm;
	dir = *cmd != 0x28;
	llba = pm->feat&Dllba? 1: 0;
	acmd = tab[dir][llba];
	qlock(pm);
	l = pm->list;
	t = pm->ctab;
	c = t->cfis;

	c[0] = 0x27;
	c[1] = 0x80;
	c[2] = acmd;
	c[3] = 0;

	c[4] = lba;		/* sector		lba low	7:0 */
	c[5] = lba >> 8;	/* cylinder low		lba mid	15:8 */
	c[6] = lba >> 16;	/* cylinder hi		lba hi	23:16 */
	c[7] = Obs | 0x40;	/* 0x40 == lba */
	if(llba == 0)
		c[7] |= (lba>>24) & 7;

	c[8] = lba >> 24;	/* sector (exp)		lba 	31:24 */
	c[9] = lba >> 32;	/* cylinder low (exp)	lba	39:32 */
	c[10] = lba >> 48;	/* cylinder hi (exp)	lba	48:40 */
	c[11] = 0;		/* features (exp); */

	c[12] = n;		/* sector count */
	c[13] = n >> 8;		/* sector count (exp) */
	c[14] = 0;		/* r */
	c[15] = 0;		/* control */

	*(ulong*)(c + 16) = 0;

	l->flags = 1<<16 | Lpref | 0x5;	/* Lpref ?? */
	if(dir == Write)
		l->flags |= Lwrite;
	l->len = 0;
	l->ctab = PCIWADDR(t);
	l->ctabhi = 0;

	p = &t->prdt;
	p->dba = PCIWADDR(data);
	p->dbahi = 0;
	if(d->unit == nil)
		panic("ahcibuild: nil d->unit");
	p->count = 1<<31 | (d->unit->secsize*n - 2) | 1;

	return l;
}

static Alist*
ahcibuildpkt(Aportm *pm, SDreq *r, void *data, int n)
{
	int fill, len;
	uchar *c;
	Alist *l;
	Actab *t;
	Aprdt *p;

	qlock(pm);
	l = pm->list;
	t = pm->ctab;
	c = t->cfis;

	fill = pm->feat&Datapi16? 16: 12;
	if((len = r->clen) > fill)
		len = fill;
	memmove(t->atapi, r->cmd, len);
	memset(t->atapi+len, 0, fill-len);

	c[0] = 0x27;
	c[1] = 0x80;
	c[2] = 0xa0;
	if(n != 0)
		c[3] = 1;	/* dma */
	else
		c[3] = 0;	/* features (exp); */

	c[4] = 0;		/* sector		lba low	7:0 */
	c[5] = n;		/* cylinder low		lba mid	15:8 */
	c[6] = n >> 8;		/* cylinder hi		lba hi	23:16 */
	c[7] = Obs;

	*(ulong*)(c + 8) = 0;
	*(ulong*)(c + 12) = 0;
	*(ulong*)(c + 16) = 0;

	l->flags = 1<<16 | Lpref | Latapi | 0x5;
	if(r->write != 0 && data)
		l->flags |= Lwrite;
	l->len = 0;
	l->ctab = PCIWADDR(t);
	l->ctabhi = 0;

	if(data == 0)
		return l;

	p = &t->prdt;
	p->dba = PCIWADDR(data);
	p->dbahi = 0;
	p->count = 1<<31 | (n - 2) | 1;

	return l;
}

static int
waitready(Drive *d)
{
	ulong s, i, δ;

	for(i = 0; i < 15000; i += 250){
		if(d->state == Dreset || d->state == Dportreset ||
		    d->state == Dnew)
			return 1;
		δ = sys->ticks - d->lastseen;
		if(d->state == Dnull || δ > 10*1000)
			return -1;
		ilock(d);
		s = d->port->sstatus;
		iunlock(d);
		if((s & Intpm) == 0 && δ > 1500)
			return -1;	/* no detect */
		if(d->state == Dready &&
		    (s & Devdet) == (Devphycomm|Devpresent))
			return 0;	/* ready, present & phy. comm. */
		esleep(250);
	}
	print("%s: not responding; offline\n", d->unit->name);
	d->state = Doffline;
	return -1;
}

static int
lockready(Drive *d)
{
	int i;

	qlock(&d->portm);
	while ((i = waitready(d)) == 1) {
		qunlock(&d->portm);
		esleep(1);
		qlock(&d->portm);
	}
	return i;
}

static int
flushcache(Drive *d)
{
	int i;

	i = -1;
	if(lockready(d) == 0)
		i = ahciflushcache(&d->portc);
	qunlock(&d->portm);
	return i;
}

static int
iariopkt(SDreq *r, Drive *d)
{
	int n, count, try, max, flag, task, wormwrite;
	char *name;
	uchar *cmd, *data;
	Aport *p;
	Asleep as;

	cmd = r->cmd;
	name = d->unit->name;
	p = d->port;

	aprint("ahci: iariopkt: %04#ux %04#ux %c %d %p\n",
		cmd[0], cmd[2], "rw"[r->write], r->dlen, r->data);
	if(cmd[0] == 0x5a && (cmd[2] & 0x3f) == 0x3f)
		return sdmodesense(r, cmd, d->info, d->infosz);
	r->rlen = 0;
	count = r->dlen;
	max = 65536;

	try = 0;
retry:
	data = r->data;
	n = count;
	if(n > max)
		n = max;
	ahcibuildpkt(&d->portm, r, data, n);
	switch(waitready(d)){
	case -1:
		qunlock(&d->portm);
		return SDeio;
	case 1:
		qunlock(&d->portm);
		esleep(1);
		goto retry;
	}

	ilock(d);
	d->portm.flag = 0;
	iunlock(d);
	p->ci = 1;

	as.p = p;
	as.i = 1;
	d->intick = sys->ticks;
	d->active++;

	while(waserror())
		;
	sleep(&d->portm, ahciclear, &as);
	poperror();

	d->active--;
	ilock(d);
	flag = d->portm.flag;
	task = d->port->task;
	iunlock(d);

	if(task & (Efatal<<8) || task & (ASbsy|ASdrq) && d->state == Dready){
		d->port->ci = 0;
		ahcirecover(&d->portc);
		task = d->port->task;
		flag &= ~Fdone;		/* either an error or do-over */
	}
	qunlock(&d->portm);
	if(flag == 0){
		if(++try == 10){
			print("%s: bad disk\n", name);
			r->status = SDcheck;
			return SDcheck;
		}
		/*
		 * write retries cannot succeed on write-once media,
		 * so just accept any failure.
		 */
		wormwrite = 0;
		switch(d->unit->inquiry[0] & SDinq0periphtype){
		case SDperworm:
		case SDpercd:
			switch(cmd[0]){
			case 0x0a:		/* write (6?) */
			case 0x2a:		/* write (10) */
			case 0x8a:		/* long write (16) */
			case 0x2e:		/* write and verify (10) */
				wormwrite = 1;
				break;
			}
			break;
		}
		if (!wormwrite) {
			print("%s: retry\n", name);
			goto retry;
		}
	}
	if(flag & Ferror){
		if((task&Eidnf) == 0)
			print("%s: i/o error task=%#ux\n", name, task);
		r->status = SDcheck;
		return SDcheck;
	}

	data += n;

	r->rlen = data - (uchar*)r->data;
	r->status = SDok;
	return SDok;
}

static int
iario(SDreq *r)
{
	int i, n, count, try, max, flag, task;
	vlong lba;
	char *name;
	uchar *cmd, *data;
	Aport *p;
	Asleep as;
	Ctlr *c;
	Drive *d;
	SDunit *unit;

	unit = r->unit;
	c = unit->dev->ctlr;
	d = c->drive[unit->subno];
	if(d->portm.feat & Datapi)
		return iariopkt(r, d);
	cmd = r->cmd;
	name = d->unit->name;
	p = d->port;

	if(r->cmd[0] == 0x35 || r->cmd[0] == 0x91){
		if(flushcache(d) == 0)
			return sdsetsense(r, SDok, 0, 0, 0);
		return sdsetsense(r, SDcheck, 3, 0xc, 2);
	}

	if((i = sdfakescsi(r, d->info, d->infosz)) != SDnostatus){
		r->status = i;
		return i;
	}

	if(*cmd != 0x28 && *cmd != 0x2a){
		print("%s: bad cmd %.2#ux\n", name, cmd[0]);
		r->status = SDcheck;
		return SDcheck;
	}

	lba   = cmd[2]<<24 | cmd[3]<<16 | cmd[4]<<8 | cmd[5];
	count = cmd[7]<<8 | cmd[8];
	if(r->data == nil)
		return SDok;
	if(r->dlen < count * unit->secsize)
		count = r->dlen / unit->secsize;
	max = 128;

	try = 0;
retry:
	data = r->data;
	while(count > 0){
		n = count;
		if(n > max)
			n = max;
		ahcibuild(d, cmd, data, n, lba);
		switch(waitready(d)){
		case -1:
			qunlock(&d->portm);
			return SDeio;
		case 1:
			qunlock(&d->portm);
			esleep(1);
			goto retry;
		}
		ilock(d);
		d->portm.flag = 0;
		iunlock(d);
		p->ci = 1;

		as.p = p;
		as.i = 1;
		d->intick = sys->ticks;
		d->active++;

		while(waserror())
			;
		sleep(&d->portm, ahciclear, &as);
		poperror();

		d->active--;
		ilock(d);
		flag = d->portm.flag;
		task = d->port->task;
		iunlock(d);

		if(task & (Efatal<<8) ||
		    task & (ASbsy|ASdrq) && d->state == Dready){
			d->port->ci = 0;
			ahcirecover(&d->portc);
			task = d->port->task;
		}
		qunlock(&d->portm);
		if(flag == 0){
			if(++try == 10){
				print("%s: bad disk\n", name);
				r->status = SDeio;
				return SDeio;
			}
			print("%s: retry blk %lld\n", name, lba);
			goto retry;
		}
		if(flag & Ferror){
			print("%s: i/o error task=%#ux @%,lld\n",
				name, task, lba);
			r->status = SDeio;
			return SDeio;
		}

		count -= n;
		lba   += n;
		data += n * unit->secsize;
	}
	r->rlen = data - (uchar*)r->data;
	r->status = SDok;
	return SDok;
}

/*
 * configure drives 0-5 as ahci sata  (c.f. errata)
 */
static int
iaahcimode(Pcidev *p)
{
	dprint("iaahcimode: %#ux %#ux %#ux\n", pcicfgr8(p, 0x91), pcicfgr8(p, 92),
		pcicfgr8(p, 93));
	pcicfgw16(p, 0x92, pcicfgr16(p, 0x92) | 0x3f);	/* ports 0-5 */
	return 0;
}

static void
iasetupahci(Ctlr *c)
{
	/* disable cmd block decoding. */
	pcicfgw16(c->pci, 0x40, pcicfgr16(c->pci, 0x40) & ~(1<<15));
	pcicfgw16(c->pci, 0x42, pcicfgr16(c->pci, 0x42) & ~(1<<15));

	c->lmmio[0x4/4] |= 1 << 31;	/* enable ahci mode (ghc register) */
	c->lmmio[0xc/4] = (1 << 6) - 1;	/* 5 ports. (supposedly ro pi reg.) */

	/* enable ahci mode and 6 ports; from ich9 datasheet */
	pcicfgw16(c->pci, 0x90, 1<<6 | 1<<5);
}

static int
didtype(Pcidev *p)
{
	switch(p->vid){
	case 0x8086:
		if((p->did & 0xfffc) == 0x2680)
			return Tesb;
		/*
		 * 0x27c4 is the intel 82801 in compatibility (not sata) mode.
		 */
		if (p->did == 0x24d1 ||			/* 82801eb/er */
		    (p->did & 0xfffb) == 0x27c1 ||	/* 82801g[bh]m ich7 */
		    p->did == 0x2821 ||			/* 82801h[roh] */
		    (p->did & 0xfffe) == 0x2824 ||	/* 82801h[b] */
		    (p->did & 0xfeff) == 0x2829 ||	/* ich8/9m */
		    (p->did & 0xfffe) == 0x2922 ||	/* ich9 */
		    p->did == 0x3a02 ||			/* 82801jd/do */
		    (p->did & 0xfefe) == 0x3a22 ||	/* ich10, pch */
		    (p->did & 0xfff8) == 0x3b28)	/* pchm */
			return Tich;
		break;
	case 0x1002:
		if(p->did == 0x4380 || p->did == 0x4390 || p->did == 0x4391){
			print("detected sb600 vid %#ux did %#ux\n", p->vid, p->did);
			return Tsb600;
		}
		break;
	case 0x1b4b:
		/* can't cope with sata 3 yet; touching sd files will hang */
		if (p->did == 0x9123) {
			print("ahci: ignoring sata 3 controller\n");
			return -1;
		}
		break;
	}
	if(p->ccrb == Pcibcstore && p->ccru == Pciscsata && p->ccrp == 1){
		print("ahci: Tunk: VID %#4.4ux DID %#4.4ux\n", p->vid, p->did);
		return Tunk;
	}
	return -1;
}

static int
newctlr(Ctlr *ctlr, SDev *sdev, int nunit)
{
	int i, n;
	Drive *drive;

	ctlr->ndrive = sdev->nunit = nunit;
	ctlr->mport = ctlr->hba->cap & ((1<<5)-1);

	i = (ctlr->hba->cap >> 20) & ((1<<4)-1);		/* iss */
	print("#S/sd%c: %s: %#p %s, %d ports, irq %d\n", sdev->idno,
		Tname(ctlr), ctlr->physio, descmode[i], nunit, ctlr->pci->intl);
	/* map the drives -- they don't all need to be enabled. */
	n = 0;
	ctlr->rawdrive = malloc(NCtlrdrv * sizeof(Drive));
	if(ctlr->rawdrive == nil) {
		print("ahci: out of memory\n");
		return -1;
	}
	for(i = 0; i < NCtlrdrv; i++) {
		drive = ctlr->rawdrive + i;
		drive->portno = i;
		drive->driveno = -1;
		drive->sectors = 0;
		drive->serial[0] = ' ';
		drive->ctlr = ctlr;
		if((ctlr->hba->pi & (1<<i)) == 0)
			continue;
		drive->port = (Aport*)(ctlr->mmio + 0x80*i + 0x100);
		drive->portc.p = drive->port;
		drive->portc.pm = &drive->portm;
		drive->driveno = n++;
		ctlr->drive[drive->driveno] = drive;
		iadrive[niadrive + drive->driveno] = drive;
	}
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if(ahciidle(ctlr->drive[i]->port) == -1){
			dprint("ahci: %s: port %d wedged; abort\n",
				Tname(ctlr), i);
			return -1;
		}
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		ctlr->drive[i]->mode = DMsatai;
		configdrive(ctlr->drive[i]);
	}
	return n;
}

static SDev*
iapnp(void)
{
	int n, nunit, type;
	ulong io;
	Ctlr *c;
	Pcidev *p;
	SDev *head, *tail, *s;
	static int done;

	if(done++)
		return nil;

	memset(olds, 0xff, sizeof olds);
	p = nil;
	head = tail = nil;
	while((p = pcimatch(p, 0, 0)) != nil){
		type = didtype(p);
		if (type == -1 || p->mem[Abar].bar == 0)
			continue;
		if(niactlr == NCtlr){
			print("ahci: iapnp: %s: too many controllers\n",
				tname[type]);
			break;
		}
		c = iactlr + niactlr;
		s = sdevs  + niactlr;
		memset(c, 0, sizeof *c);
		memset(s, 0, sizeof *s);
		io = p->mem[Abar].bar & ~0xf;
		c->physio = (uchar *)io;
		c->mmio = vmap(io, p->mem[Abar].size);
		if(c->mmio == 0){
			print("ahci: %s: address %#lux in use did=%#ux\n",
				Tname(c), io, p->did);
			continue;
		}
		c->lmmio = (ulong*)c->mmio;
		c->pci = p;
		c->type = type;

		s->ifc = &sdiahciifc;
		s->idno = 'E' + niactlr;
		s->ctlr = c;
		c->sdev = s;

		if(Intel(c) && p->did != 0x2681)
			iasetupahci(c);
		nunit = ahciconf(c);
//		ahcihbareset((Ahba*)c->mmio);
		if(Intel(c) && iaahcimode(p) == -1)
			break;
		if(nunit < 1){
			vunmap(c->mmio, p->mem[Abar].size);
			continue;
		}
		n = newctlr(c, s, nunit);
		if(n < 0)
			continue;
		niadrive += n;
		niactlr++;
		if(head)
			tail->next = s;
		else
			head = s;
		tail = s;
	}
	return head;
}

static char* smarttab[] = {
	"unset",
	"error",
	"threshold exceeded",
	"normal"
};

static char *
pflag(char *s, char *e, uchar f)
{
	uchar i;

	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		if(f & (1 << i))
			s = seprint(s, e, "%s ", flagname[i]);
	return seprint(s, e, "\n");
}

static int
iarctl(SDunit *u, char *p, int l)
{
	char buf[32];
	char *e, *op;
	Aport *o;
	Ctlr *c;
	Drive *d;

	c = u->dev->ctlr;
	if(c == nil) {
print("iarctl: nil u->dev->ctlr\n");
		return 0;
	}
	d = c->drive[u->subno];
	o = d->port;

	e = p+l;
	op = p;
	if(d->state == Dready){
		p = seprint(p, e, "model\t%s\n", d->model);
		p = seprint(p, e, "serial\t%s\n", d->serial);
		p = seprint(p, e, "firm\t%s\n", d->firmware);
		if(d->smartrs == 0xff)
			p = seprint(p, e, "smart\tenable error\n");
		else if(d->smartrs == 0)
			p = seprint(p, e, "smart\tdisabled\n");
		else
			p = seprint(p, e, "smart\t%s\n",
				smarttab[d->portm.smart]);
		p = seprint(p, e, "flag\t");
		p = pflag(p, e, d->portm.feat);
	}else
		p = seprint(p, e, "no disk present [%s]\n", diskstates[d->state]);
	serrstr(o->serror, buf, buf + sizeof buf - 1);
	p = seprint(p, e, "reg\ttask %#lux cmd %#lux serr %#lux %s ci %#lux "
		"is %#lux; sig %#lux sstatus %06#lux\n",
		o->task, o->cmd, o->serror, buf,
		o->ci, o->isr, o->sig, o->sstatus);
	if(d->unit == nil)
		panic("iarctl: nil d->unit");
	p = seprint(p, e, "geometry %llud %lud\n", d->sectors, d->unit->secsize);
	return p - op;
}

static void
runflushcache(Drive *d)
{
	long t0;

	t0 = sys->ticks;
	if(flushcache(d) != 0)
		error(Eio);
	dprint("ahci: flush in %ld ms\n", sys->ticks - t0);
}

static void
forcemode(Drive *d, char *mode)
{
	int i;

	for(i = 0; i < nelem(modename); i++)
		if(strcmp(mode, modename[i]) == 0)
			break;
	if(i == nelem(modename))
		i = 0;
	d->mode = i;
}

static void
runsmartable(Drive *d, int i)
{
	if(waserror()){
		qunlock(&d->portm);
		d->smartrs = 0;
		nexterror();
	}
	if(lockready(d) == -1)
		error(Eio);
	d->smartrs = smart(&d->portc, i);
	d->portm.smart = 0;
	qunlock(&d->portm);
	poperror();
}

static void
forcestate(Drive *d, char *state)
{
	int i;

	for(i = 0; i < nelem(diskstates); i++)
		if(strcmp(state, diskstates[i]) == 0)
			break;
	if(i == nelem(diskstates))
		error(Ebadctl);
	d->state = i;
}

/*
 * force this driver to notice a change of medium if the hardware doesn't
 * report it.
 */
static void
changemedia(SDunit *u)
{
	Ctlr *c;
	Drive *d;

	c = u->dev->ctlr;
	d = c->drive[u->subno];
	ilock(d);
	d->mediachange = 1;
	u->sectors = 0;
	iunlock(d);
}

static int
iawctl(SDunit *u, Cmdbuf *cmd)
{
	char **f;
	Ctlr *c;
	Drive *d;
	uint i;

	c = u->dev->ctlr;
	d = c->drive[u->subno];
	f = cmd->f;

	if(strcmp(f[0], "change") == 0)
		changemedia(u);
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "flushcache") == 0)
		runflushcache(d);
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "identify") ==  0){
		i = strtoul(f[1]? f[1]: "0", 0, 0);
		if(i > 0xff)
			i = 0;
		dprint("ahci: %04d %#ux\n", i, d->info[i]);
	}else if(strcmp(f[0], "mode") == 0)
		forcemode(d, f[1]? f[1]: "satai");
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "nop") == 0){
		if((d->portm.feat & Dnop) == 0){
			cmderror(cmd, "no drive support");
			return -1;
		}
		if(waserror()){
			qunlock(&d->portm);
			nexterror();
		}
		if(lockready(d) == -1)
			error(Eio);
		nop(&d->portc);
		qunlock(&d->portm);
		poperror();
	}else if(strcmp(f[0], "reset") == 0)
		forcestate(d, "reset");
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "smart") == 0){
		if(d->smartrs == 0){
			cmderror(cmd, "smart not enabled");
			return -1;
		}
		if(waserror()){
			qunlock(&d->portm);
			d->smartrs = 0;
			nexterror();
		}
		if(lockready(d) == -1)
			error(Eio);
		d->portm.smart = 2 + smartrs(&d->portc);
		qunlock(&d->portm);
		poperror();
	}else if(strcmp(f[0], "smartdisable") == 0)
		runsmartable(d, 1);
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "smartenable") == 0)
		runsmartable(d, 0);
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "state") == 0)
		forcestate(d, f[1]? f[1]: "null");
	else{
		cmderror(cmd, Ebadctl);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static char *
portr(char *p, char *e, uint x)
{
	int i, a;

	p[0] = 0;
	a = -1;
	for(i = 0; i < 32; i++){
		if((x & (1<<i)) == 0){
			if(a != -1 && i - 1 != a)
				p = seprint(p, e, "-%d", i - 1);
			a = -1;
			continue;
		}
		if(a == -1){
			if(i > 0)
				p = seprint(p, e, ", ");
			p = seprint(p, e, "%d", a = i);
		}
	}
	if(a != -1 && i - 1 != a)
		p = seprint(p, e, "-%d", i - 1);
	return p;
}

/* must emit exactly one line per controller (sd(3)) */
static char*
iartopctl(SDev *sdev, char *p, char *e)
{
	ulong cap;
	char pr[25];
	Ahba *hba;
	Ctlr *ctlr;

#define has(x, str) if(cap & (x)) p = seprint(p, e, "%s ", (str))

	ctlr = sdev->ctlr;
	hba = ctlr->hba;
	p = seprint(p, e, "sd%c ahci port %#p: ", sdev->idno, ctlr->physio);
	cap = hba->cap;
	has(Hs64a, "64a");
	has(Hsalp, "alp");
	has(Hsam, "am");
	has(Hsclo, "clo");
	has(Hcccs, "coal");
	has(Hems, "ems");
	has(Hsal, "led");
	has(Hsmps, "mps");
	has(Hsncq, "ncq");
	has(Hssntf, "ntf");
	has(Hspm, "pm");
	has(Hpsc, "pslum");
	has(Hssc, "slum");
	has(Hsss, "ss");
	has(Hsxs, "sxs");
	portr(pr, pr + sizeof pr, hba->pi);
	return seprint(p, e,
		"iss %ld ncs %ld np %ld; ghc %#lux isr %#lux pi %#lux %s ver %#lux\n",
		(cap>>20) & 0xf, (cap>>8) & 0x1f, 1 + (cap & 0x1f),
		hba->ghc, hba->isr, hba->pi, pr, hba->ver);
#undef has
}

static int
iawtopctl(SDev *, Cmdbuf *cmd)
{
	int *v;
	char **f;

	f = cmd->f;
	v = 0;

	if (f[0] == nil)
		return 0;
	if(strcmp(f[0], "debug") == 0)
		v = &debug;
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "idprint") == 0)
		v = &prid;
	else if(strcmp(f[0], "aprint") == 0)
		v = &datapi;
	else
		cmderror(cmd, Ebadctl);

	switch(cmd->nf){
	default:
		cmderror(cmd, Ebadarg);
	case 1:
		*v ^= 1;
		break;
	case 2:
		if(f[1])
			*v = strcmp(f[1], "on") == 0;
		else
			*v ^= 1;
		break;
	}
	return 0;
}

SDifc sdiahciifc = {
	"iahci",

	iapnp,
	nil,		/* legacy */
	iaenable,
	iadisable,

	iaverify,
	iaonline,
	iario,
	iarctl,
	iawctl,

	scsibio,
	nil,		/* probe */
	nil,		/* clear */
	iartopctl,
	iawtopctl,
};