Move Extending-click page from reST to MyST (#3106)

Author: Rowlando13

docs/extending-click.md

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# Extending Click
+
+```{currentmodule} click
+```
+
+In addition to common functionality that is implemented in the library itself, there are countless patterns that can be
+implemented by extending Click. This page should give some insight into what can be accomplished.
+
+```{contents}
+:depth: 2
+:local: true
+```
+
+(custom-groups)=
+
+## Custom Groups
+
+You can customize the behavior of a group beyond the arguments it accepts by subclassing {class}`click.Group`.
+
+The most common methods to override are {meth}`~click.Group.get_command` and {meth}`~click.Group.list_commands`.
+
+The following example implements a basic plugin system that loads commands from Python files in a folder. The command is
+lazily loaded to avoid slow startup.
+
+```python
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import click
+
+class PluginGroup(click.Group):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, plugin_folder="commands", **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(name=name, **kwargs)
+        self.plugin_folder = plugin_folder
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx):
+        rv = []
+
+        for filename in os.listdir(self.plugin_folder):
+            if filename.endswith(".py"):
+                rv.append(filename[:-3])
+
+        rv.sort()
+        return rv
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx, name):
+        path = os.path.join(self.plugin_folder, f"{name}.py")
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, path)
+        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module.cli
+
+cli = PluginGroup(
+    plugin_folder=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "commands")
+)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()
+```
+
+Custom classes can also be used with decorators:
+
+```python
+@click.group(
+    cls=PluginGroup,
+    plugin_folder=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "commands")
+)
+def cli():
+    pass
+```
+
+(aliases)=
+
+## Command Aliases
+
+Many tools support aliases for commands. For example, you can configure `git` to accept `git ci` as alias for
+`git commit`. Other tools also support auto-discovery for aliases by automatically shortening them.
+
+It's possible to customize {class}`Group` to provide this functionality. As explained in {ref}`custom-groups`, a group
+provides two methods: {meth}`~Group.list_commands` and {meth}`~Group.get_command`. In this particular case, you only
+need to override the latter as you generally don't want to enumerate the aliases on the help page in order to avoid
+confusion.
+
+The following example implements a subclass of {class}`Group` that accepts a prefix for a command. If there was a
+command called `push`, it would accept `pus` as an alias (so long as it was unique):
+
+```{eval-rst}
+.. click:example::
+
+    class AliasedGroup(click.Group):
+        def get_command(self, ctx, cmd_name):
+            rv = super().get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+            if rv is not None:
+                return rv
+
+            matches = [
+                x for x in self.list_commands(ctx)
+                if x.startswith(cmd_name)
+            ]
+
+            if not matches:
+                return None
+
+            if len(matches) == 1:
+                return click.Group.get_command(self, ctx, matches[0])
+
+            ctx.fail(f"Too many matches: {', '.join(sorted(matches))}")
+
+        def resolve_command(self, ctx, args):
+            # always return the full command name
+            _, cmd, args = super().resolve_command(ctx, args)
+            return cmd.name, cmd, args
+```
+
+It can be used like this:
+
+```python
+
+    @click.group(cls=AliasedGroup)
+    def cli():
+        pass
+
+    @cli.command
+    def push():
+        pass
+
+    @cli.command
+    def pop():
+        pass
+```
+
+See the [alias example](https://github.com/pallets/click/tree/main/examples/aliases) in Click's repository for another example.