-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy path5-Generic.html
665 lines (643 loc) · 138 KB
/
5-Generic.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,height=device-height,initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>@media screen{body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button{appearance:none;background-color:initial;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;opacity:.8;outline:none;padding:0;transition:opacity .2s linear;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:disabled,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.15!important}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover{opacity:1}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover:active,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover:active{opacity:.6}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:not(:disabled),body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button:hover:not(:disabled),body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button:hover:not(:disabled),body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button:hover:not(:disabled){transition:none}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=prev],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=prev],body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page-prev{background:#0000 url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNNjggOTAgMjggNTBsNDAtNDAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page-next{background:#0000 url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJtMzIgOTAgNDAtNDAtNDAtNDAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen]{background:#0000 url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48ZGVmcz48c3R5bGU+LmF7ZmlsbDpub25lO3N0cm9rZTojZmZmO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6NXB4fTwvc3R5bGU+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2MCIgeD0iMTAiIHk9IjIwIiBjbGFzcz0iYSIgcng9IjUuNjciLz48cGF0aCBkPSJNNDAgNzBIMjBWNTBtMjAgMEwyMCA3MG00MC00MGgyMHYyMG0tMjAgMCAyMC0yMCIgY2xhc3M9ImEiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button.exit[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button.exit[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen]{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48ZGVmcz48c3R5bGU+LmF7ZmlsbDpub25lO3N0cm9rZTojZmZmO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOnJvdW5kO3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6NXB4fTwvc3R5bGU+PC9kZWZzPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI4MCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI2MCIgeD0iMTAiIHk9IjIwIiBjbGFzcz0iYSIgcng9IjUuNjciLz48cGF0aCBkPSJNMjAgNTBoMjB2MjBtLTIwIDAgMjAtMjBtNDAgMEg2MFYzMG0yMCAwTDYwIDUwIiBjbGFzcz0iYSIvPjwvc3ZnPg==")}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter]{background:#0000 url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNODcuOCA0Ny41Qzg5IDUwIDg3LjcgNTIgODUgNTJIMzVhOC43IDguNyAwIDAgMS03LjItNC41bC0xNS42LTMxQzExIDE0IDEyLjIgMTIgMTUgMTJoNTBhOC44IDguOCAwIDAgMSA3LjIgNC41ek02MCA1MnYzNm0tMTAgMGgyME00NSA0MmgyMCIvPjwvc3ZnPg==") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-bigger{background:#0000 url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNMTIgNTBoODBNNTIgOTBWMTAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-smaller{background:#0000 url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAgMTAwIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2U9IiNmZmYiIHN0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luPSJyb3VuZCIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSI1IiBkPSJNMTIgNTBoODAiLz48L3N2Zz4=") no-repeat 50%;background-size:contain;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap}}@keyframes __bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_outgoing__{0%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}@keyframes __bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_incoming__{0%{mix-blend-mode:plus-lighter;opacity:0}to{mix-blend-mode:plus-lighter;opacity:1}}.bespoke-marp-note,.bespoke-marp-osc,.bespoke-progress-parent{display:none;transition:none}@media screen{::view-transition-group(*){animation-duration:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-duration,.5s);animation-timing-function:ease}::view-transition-new(*),::view-transition-old(*){animation-delay:0s;animation-direction:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-direction,normal);animation-duration:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-duration,.5s);animation-fill-mode:both;animation-name:var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name,var(--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name-fallback,__bespoke_marp_transition_no_animation__));mix-blend-mode:normal}::view-transition-old(*){--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name-fallback:__bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_outgoing__;animation-timing-function:ease}::view-transition-new(*){--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-name-fallback:__bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_incoming__;animation-timing-function:ease}::view-transition-new(root),::view-transition-old(root){animation-timing-function:linear}::view-transition-new(__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__),::view-transition-old(__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__){animation-duration:0s!important;animation-name:__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__!important}::view-transition-new(__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__){opacity:0!important}.bespoke-marp-transition-warming-up::view-transition-group(*),.bespoke-marp-transition-warming-up::view-transition-new(*),.bespoke-marp-transition-warming-up::view-transition-old(*){animation-play-state:paused!important}body,html{height:100%;margin:0}body{background:#000;overflow:hidden}svg.bespoke-marp-slide{content-visibility:hidden;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;z-index:-1}svg.bespoke-marp-slide:not(.bespoke-marp-active) *{view-transition-name:none!important}svg.bespoke-marp-slide.bespoke-marp-active{content-visibility:visible;opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;z-index:0}svg.bespoke-marp-slide.bespoke-marp-active.bespoke-marp-active-ready *{animation-name:__bespoke_marp__!important}@supports not (content-visibility:hidden){svg.bespoke-marp-slide[data-bespoke-marp-load=hideable]{display:none}svg.bespoke-marp-slide[data-bespoke-marp-load=hideable].bespoke-marp-active{display:block}}}@media screen and (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){svg.bespoke-marp-slide *{view-transition-name:none!important}}@media screen{[data-bespoke-marp-fragment=inactive]{visibility:hidden}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent{inset:0;position:absolute}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc{background:#000000a6;border-radius:7px;bottom:50px;color:#fff;contain:paint;display:block;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;left:50%;line-height:0;opacity:1;padding:12px;position:absolute;touch-action:manipulation;transform:translateX(-50%);transition:opacity .2s linear;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;white-space:nowrap;will-change:transform;z-index:1;view-transition-name:__bespoke_marp_transition_osc__}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>*,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>*{margin-left:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>:first-child,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>:first-child{margin-left:0}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span{opacity:.8}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span[data-bespoke-marp-osc=page],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>span[data-bespoke-marp-osc=page]{display:inline-block;min-width:140px;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter],body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=prev],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=fullscreen],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=next],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=presenter],body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button[data-bespoke-marp-osc=prev]{height:32px;line-height:32px;width:32px}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent.bespoke-marp-inactive,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent.bespoke-marp-inactive{cursor:none}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent.bespoke-marp-inactive>.bespoke-marp-osc,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent.bespoke-marp-inactive>.bespoke-marp-osc{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}body[data-bespoke-view=""] svg.bespoke-marp-slide,body[data-bespoke-view=next] svg.bespoke-marp-slide{height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-progress-parent{background:#222;display:flex;height:5px;width:100%}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-progress-parent+.bespoke-marp-parent{top:5px}body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-progress-parent .bespoke-progress-bar{background:#0288d1;flex:0 0 0;transition:flex-basis .2s cubic-bezier(0,1,1,1)}body[data-bespoke-view=next]{background:#0000}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter]{background:#161616}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container{display:grid;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;grid-template:"current dragbar next" minmax(140px,1fr) "current dragbar note" 2fr "info dragbar note" 3em;grid-template-columns:minmax(3px,var(--bespoke-marp-presenter-split-ratio,66%)) 0 minmax(3px,1fr);height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-parent{grid-area:current;overflow:hidden;position:relative}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-parent svg.bespoke-marp-slide{height:calc(100% - 40px);left:20px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;top:20px;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:calc(100% - 40px)}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-parent svg.bespoke-marp-slide.bespoke-marp-active{filter:drop-shadow(0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.5))}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-dragbar-container{background:#0288d1;cursor:col-resize;grid-area:dragbar;margin-left:-3px;opacity:0;position:relative;transition:opacity .4s linear .1s;width:6px;z-index:10}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-dragbar-container:hover{opacity:1}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-dragbar-container.active{opacity:1;transition-delay:0s}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-next-container{background:#222;cursor:pointer;display:none;grid-area:next;overflow:hidden;position:relative}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-next-container.active{display:block}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-next-container iframe.bespoke-marp-presenter-next{background:#0000;border:0;display:block;filter:drop-shadow(0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.5));height:calc(100% - 40px);left:20px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;top:20px;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:calc(100% - 40px)}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container{background:#222;color:#eee;grid-area:note;position:relative;z-index:1}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button{height:1.5em;line-height:1.5em;width:1.5em}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-wrapper{display:block;inset:0;position:absolute}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons{background:#000000a6;border-radius:4px;bottom:0;display:flex;gap:4px;margin:12px;opacity:0;padding:6px;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0;transition:opacity .2s linear}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons:focus-within,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-wrapper:focus-within+.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container:hover .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-buttons{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:calc(1.1em*var(--bespoke-marp-note-font-scale, 1));height:calc(100% - 40px);margin:20px;overflow:auto;padding-right:3px;white-space:pre-wrap;width:calc(100% - 40px);word-wrap:break-word;scrollbar-color:#eeeeee80 #0000;scrollbar-width:thin}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:#0000}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#eeeeee80;border-radius:6px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note:empty{pointer-events:none}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note.active{display:block}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note p:first-child{margin-top:0}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container .bespoke-marp-note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;color:#eee;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;grid-area:info;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding:0 10px}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-time,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button{height:1.5em;line-height:1.5em;width:1.5em}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page{order:2;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-page-text{display:inline-block;min-width:120px;text-align:center}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-time{color:#999;order:1;text-align:left}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer{color:#999;order:3;text-align:right}body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-timer:hover{cursor:pointer}}@media print{.bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container,.bespoke-marp-presenter-next-container,.bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container{display:none}}</style><style>@charset "UTF-8";@import "https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Lato:400,900|Roboto+Mono:400,700&display=swap";div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{width:1280px;height:720px;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;position:relative;scroll-snap-align:center center;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section::after{bottom:0;content:attr(data-marpit-pagination);padding:inherit;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:not([data-marpit-pagination])::after{display:none}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1){font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section video::-webkit-media-controls{will-change:transform}@page {size:1280px 720px;margin:0}@media print{html, body{background-color:#fff;margin:0;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-page}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{page-break-before:always;break-before:page}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section *{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact!important;animation-delay:0s!important;animation-duration:0s!important;color-adjust:exact!important;transition:none!important}div#\:\$p > svg[data-marpit-svg]{display:block;height:100vh;width:100vw}}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > :where(section){container-type:size}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section img[data-marp-twemoji]{background:transparent;height:1em;margin:0 .05em 0 .1em;vertical-align:-.1em;width:1em}/*!
* Marp / Marpit Gaia theme.
*
* @theme gaia
* @author Yuki Hattori
*
* @auto-scaling true
* @size 16:9 1280px 720px
* @size 4:3 960px 720px
*/div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre) code.hljs{display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section code.hljs{padding:3px 5px}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs{background:#000;color:#f8f8f8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-comment,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-quote{color:#aeaeae;font-style:italic}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-keyword,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-selector-tag,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-type{color:#e28964}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-string{color:#65b042}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-subst{color:#daefa3}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-link,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-regexp{color:#e9c062}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-name,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-section,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-tag,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-title{color:#89bdff}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-class .hljs-title,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-doctag,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-title.class_{text-decoration:underline}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-bullet,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-number,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-symbol{color:#3387cc}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-params,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-template-variable,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-variable{color:#3e87e3}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-attribute{color:#cda869}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-meta{color:#8996a8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-formula{background-color:#0e2231;color:#f8f8f8;font-style:italic}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-addition{background-color:#253b22;color:#f8f8f8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-deletion{background-color:#420e09;color:#f8f8f8}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-selector-class{color:#9b703f}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-selector-id{color:#8b98ab}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-emphasis{font-style:italic}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section .hljs-strong{font-weight:700}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6){margin:.5em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6) strong{font-weight:inherit}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:580px}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1){font-size:1.8em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2){font-size:1.5em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3){font-size:1.3em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4){font-size:1.1em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5){font-size:1em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6){font-size:.9em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section p{margin:1em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ol>li,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ul>li{margin:.3em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ol>li>p,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section ul>li>p{margin:.6em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section code{display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto Mono,monospace;font-size:.8em;letter-spacing:0;margin:-.1em .15em;padding:.1em .2em;vertical-align:baseline}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre){display:block;margin:1em 0 0;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre) code{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:.7em;margin:0;min-width:100%;padding:.5em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:calc(580px - 1em)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote{margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 1em;position:relative}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:after,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:before{content:"“";display:block;font-family:Times New Roman,serif;font-weight:700;position:absolute}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:before{left:0;top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:after{bottom:0;right:0;transform:rotate(180deg)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote>:first-child{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section mark{background:transparent}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;margin:1em 0 0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table td,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table th{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:.2em .4em}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:66%;height:70px;line-height:50px;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 25px;position:absolute}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:66%;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header{top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header{left:0;right:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer{bottom:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{background-color:var(--color-background);background-image:linear-gradient(135deg, hsla(0,0%,53%,0), hsla(0,0%,53%,.02) 50%, hsla(0,0%,100%,0) 0, hsla(0,0%,100%,.05));color:var(--color-foreground);font-family:Lato,Avenir Next,Avenir,Trebuchet MS,Segoe UI,sans-serif;font-size:35px;height:720px;letter-spacing:1.25px;line-height:1.35;padding:70px;width:1280px;word-wrap:break-word;--color-background:#fff8e1;--color-background-stripe:rgba(69,90,100,.1);--color-foreground:#455a64;--color-dimmed:#6a7a7d;--color-highlight:#0288d1;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section{--marpit-root-font-size:35px;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{bottom:0;font-size:80%;right:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:80%;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section a,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section mark{color:var(--color-highlight)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section code{background:var(--color-dimmed);color:var(--color-background)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h1, marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h2, marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h3, marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h4, marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h5, marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(h6, marp-h6) strong{color:var(--color-highlight)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre){background:var(--color-foreground)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section :is(pre, marp-pre)>code{background:transparent}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:after,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section blockquote:before,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section footer,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section header,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section section:after{color:var(--color-dimmed)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table td,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table th{border-color:var(--color-foreground)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table thead th{background:var(--color-foreground);color:var(--color-background)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table tbody>tr:nth-child(odd) td,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section table tbody>tr:nth-child(odd) th{background:var(--color-background-stripe, transparent)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section>:first-child,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section>header:first-child+*{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.invert){--color-background:#455a64;--color-background-stripe:rgba(255,248,225,.1);--color-foreground:#fff8e1;--color-dimmed:#dad8c8;--color-highlight:#81d4fa;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.gaia){--color-background:#0288d1;--color-background-stripe:rgba(255,248,225,.1);--color-foreground:#fff8e1;--color-dimmed:#cce2de;--color-highlight:#81d4fa;}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead){align-items:stretch;flex-flow:column nowrap;place-content:safe center center}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h1, marp-h1),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h2, marp-h2),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h3, marp-h3),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h4, marp-h4),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h5, marp-h5),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) :is(h6, marp-h6){text-align:center}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) p{text-align:center}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h1, marp-h1),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h2, marp-h2),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h3, marp-h3),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h4, marp-h4),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h5, marp-h5),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>:is(h6, marp-h6),div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) blockquote>p{text-align:left}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) ol>li>p,div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) ul>li>p{text-align:left}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section:where(.lead) table{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section img{display:block;margin:0 auto}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"]{columns:initial!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"]::before, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"]::after, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="content"]::before, div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="content"]::after{display:none!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{all:initial;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container][data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="vertical"]{flex-direction:column}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"][data-marpit-advanced-background-split] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{width:var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%)}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"][data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{margin-left:calc(100% - var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container] > figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="background"] > div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container] > figure > figcaption{position:absolute;border:0;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="content"], div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"]{background:transparent!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"], div#\:\$p > svg[data-marpit-svg] > foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"]{pointer-events:none!important}div#\:\$p > svg > foreignObject > section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}
</style></head><body><div class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id=":$p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--class:lead;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:40%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/Java_logo.png");background-size:90%;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="60%" height="720"><section id="1" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--class:lead;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:40%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h1 id="java%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1">Java高级程序设计</h1>
<h2 id="%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B">泛型</h2>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-class="lead" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="2" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B-1">泛型</h2>
<p>泛型程序设计（generic programming）是程序设计语言的一种风格或范式。泛型允许程序员在强类型程序设计语言中编写代码时使用一些以后才指定的类型，在实例化时作为参数指明这些类型。... Ada、Delphi、Eiffel、Java、C#、F#、Swift 和 Visual Basic .NET 称之为泛型（generics）；ML、Scala 和 Haskell 称之为参数多态（parametric polymorphism）；C++ 和 D称之为模板。《Design Patterns》一书称之为参数化类型（parameterized type）。</p>
<p><small><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B">https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/泛型</a></small></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="3" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="java-generics">Java Generics</h2>
<ul>
<li>A way to control a class type definitions</li>
<li>A way of improving the clarity of code</li>
<li>A way of avoiding (<strong>casts</strong>) in code, turning run-time errors (typically <strong>ClassCastException</strong>) into compile-time errors.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="4" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="4" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E8%91%AB%E8%8A%A6%E5%A8%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90">葫芦娃中的例子</h2>
<p><code>Position</code>第一版</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Position</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Object sth;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Position</span><span class="hljs-params">(Object sth)</span> {
<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.sth = sth;
}
Object <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sth;
}
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">Postion里放任意东西</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="5" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%94%B9%E8%BF%9B">改进</h2>
<p><code>Position</code>第二版</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Position</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Creature sth;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Position</span><span class="hljs-params">(Creature sth)</span> {
<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.sth = sth;
}
Creature <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sth;
}
}
</code></pre>
<br />
<div style="text-align:center; ">通过构造方法和get方法我们能看出Position里放的是Creature</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="6" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E4%BD%86%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E6%98%AF%E8%BF%99%E6%A0%B7%E5%91%A2">但如果是这样呢？</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Position</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Creature sth;
}
</code></pre>
<br />
<div style="text-align:center; ">从外部观察，何以了解Position是放Creature的？</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="7" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B">用“泛型”显式说明一下</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Position</span><T>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T sth;
}
</code></pre>
<br />
<div style="text-align:center; ">显式表达“某种不确定”: Position里是要放东西的，但不确定是什么东西</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="8" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%86%8D%E6%98%8E%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9">再明白一点</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Position</span><T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Creature</span>>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T sth;
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">显式表达Position是跟某种Creature有关系的</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84stack">不用泛型的Stack</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Stack</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">push</span><span class="hljs-params">(Object o)</span>{...}
Object <span class="hljs-title function_">pop</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{...}
}
<span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">s</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Hello"</span>;
<span class="hljs-type">Stack</span> <span class="hljs-variable">st</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Stack</span>();
...
st.push(s);
...
s = (String)st.pop();
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="10" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%86%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84stack">用了泛型的Stack</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Stack</span><A>{ <span class="hljs-comment">// 类参数</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">push</span><span class="hljs-params">(A a)</span>{...}
A <span class="hljs-title function_">pop</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{...}
}
<span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">s</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Hello"</span>;
Stack<String> st = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Stack</span><String>();
st.push(s);
...
s = st.pop();
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="11" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%86%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AAcomputer-%08">再定义一个Computer </h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Computer</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> HDD mHarddisk; <span class="hljs-comment">// 机械硬盘</span>
Computer(HDD harddisk){
mHarddisk = harddisk;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Data <span class="hljs-title function_">readDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mHarddisk.read();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">writeDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">(Data data)</span>{
mHarddisk.write(data);
}
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">如果安装的是SSD怎么办？</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="12" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AAssdcomputer-%08">定义一个SSDComputer ？</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SSDComputer</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> SSD mHarddisk; <span class="hljs-comment">// SSD硬盘</span>
Computer(SSD harddisk){
mHarddisk = harddisk;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Data <span class="hljs-title function_">readDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mHarddisk.read();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">writeDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">(Data data)</span>{
mHarddisk.write(data);
}
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">这当然不好！ </div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="13" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B">抽象一下</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Disk</span>{};
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SSD</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Disk</span>{};
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">HHD</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Disk</span>{};
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Computer</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Disk disk; <span class="hljs-comment">// 抽象的硬盘</span>
Computer(Disk disk){
<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.disk = disk;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Data <span class="hljs-title function_">readDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> disk.read(); }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">writeDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">(Data data)</span>{ disk.write(data); }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Disk <span class="hljs-title function_">getDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> disk; }
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">基于多态实现设计抽象（解耦）</div>
<div style="text-align:center; ">但你还要cast</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="14" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B%E6%9D%A5%E5%81%9A">用泛型来做</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Computer</span><T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Disk</span>>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T disk; <span class="hljs-comment">// 参数类</span>
Computer(T disk){ <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.disk = disk; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Data <span class="hljs-title function_">readDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> disk.read(); }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">writeDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">(Data data)</span>{ disk.write(data); }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> T <span class="hljs-title function_">getDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> disk; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">setDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">(T disk)</span>{ <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.disk = disk; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> {
Computer<SSD> computer = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Computer</span><SSD>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SSD</span>());
<span class="hljs-type">SSD</span> <span class="hljs-variable">disk</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> computer.getDisk(); <span class="hljs-comment">// No cast needed</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//computer.setDisk(new HHD()); // error!</span>
}
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">有了类型约束</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="15" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">泛型方法</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">GenericMethods</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <T> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">f</span><span class="hljs-params">(T x)</span> {
System.out.println(x.getClass().getName());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">GenericMethods</span> <span class="hljs-variable">gm</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">GenericMethods</span>();
gm.f(<span class="hljs-string">""</span>);
gm.f(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">//autoboxing</span>
gm.f(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);
gm.f(<span class="hljs-number">1.0F</span>);
gm.f(‘c’);
gm.f(gm);
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="16" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%86%8D%E7%9C%8B%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8">再看容器</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><T> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T obj;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span><span class="hljs-params">(T obj)</span>{ <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.obj = obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> T <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
Holder<Integer> holder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><>();
holder.set(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">//holder.set("Abc"); // error</span>
<span class="hljs-type">Integer</span> <span class="hljs-variable">obj</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> holder.get(); <span class="hljs-comment">//无须cast</span>
}
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">多完美！可惜这只是编译时刻... 因为运行时的类型信息被擦掉了<div>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>javap -v -p -s -sysinfo -constants Holder.class
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="17" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h1 id="%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E7%A0%81%E4%B8%AD">字节码中</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #9.#29 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = Fieldref #3.#30 // Holder.obj:Ljava/lang/Object;
#3 = Class #31 // Holder
#4 = Methodref #3.#29 // Holder."<init>":()V
#5 = Methodref #8.#32 // java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
#6 = Methodref #3.#33 // Holder.set:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
#7 = Methodref #3.#34 // Holder.get:()Ljava/lang/Object;
#8 = Class #35 // java/lang/Integer
#9 = Class #36 // java/lang/Object
...
#29 = NameAndType #14:#15 // "<init>":()V
#30 = NameAndType #10:#11 // obj:Ljava/lang/Object;
#31 = Utf8 Holder
#32 = NameAndType #37:#38 // valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;
#33 = NameAndType #18:#19 // set:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
#34 = NameAndType #21:#22 // get:()Ljava/lang/Object;
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="18" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%93%A6%E9%99%A4">擦除</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Computer</span><T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Disk</span>> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T disk; <span class="hljs-comment">// 运行时disk是Disk类型</span>
Computer(T disk) {
disk = disk;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">setDisk</span><span class="hljs-params">(T disk)</span> {
<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.disk = disk;
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Disk</span> {};
</code></pre>
<p><small>Java泛型的实现方式是将类型参数用边界类型替换，在上面的例子中就是把T用Disk替换。这种实现方式看上去就像是把具体的类型擦除到了边界类型（父类Disk)。</small></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="19" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="19" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h1 id="%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E7%A0%81">字节码</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #4.#18 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = Fieldref #3.#19 // Computer.disk:LDisk;
#3 = Class #20 // Computer
#14 = Utf8 setDisk
#19 = NameAndType #5:#6 // disk:LDisk;
public void setDisk(T);
descriptor: (LDisk;)V
flags: (0x0001) ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
...
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="20" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="20" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E4%B9%88">这两个是不同类型么？</h2>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ArrayList.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ArrayList.html</a></p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java">ArrayList<Integer> intList = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span><>();
<span class="hljs-type">ArrayList</span> <span class="hljs-variable">rawList</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span>();
System.out.println(intList.getClass().getCanonicalName());
System.out.println(rawList.getClass().getCanonicalName());
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>java.util.ArrayList
java.util.ArrayList
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="21" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="21" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%93%A6%E9%99%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8E%E6%9E%9C">擦除的后果</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java">ppublic <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><T> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T obj;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span><span class="hljs-params">(T obj)</span>{ <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.obj = obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> T <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">testT</span><span class="hljs-params">(Object arg)</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (arg <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> T){ ... } <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误</span>
<span class="hljs-type">T</span> <span class="hljs-variable">var</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">T</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误</span>
T[] array = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">T</span>[<span class="hljs-number">100</span>]; <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误</span>
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; ">这劳什子有何用？！</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="22" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="22" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="t%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%89">T存在的意义</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><T> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T obj; <span class="hljs-comment">//在编译时，该类中的所有的T都会被替换为边界类型Object。</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span><span class="hljs-params">(T obj)</span>{ <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.obj = obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> T <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
Holder<Integer> holder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><>();
<span class="hljs-comment">//编译器会检查实参是不是一个Integer，</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//虽然这里的1是int类型，但是因为自动包装机制的存在，</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//他会被转化为一个Integer，因此能够通过类型检查。</span>
holder.set(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">//编译器也会进行类型检查，</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//并且自动插入一个Object类型到Integer类型的转型操作。</span>
<span class="hljs-type">Integer</span> <span class="hljs-variable">obj</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> holder.get();
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="23" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="23" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h1 id="%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E7%A0%81">看看字节码</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(java.lang.String[])</span>;
descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
flags: (<span class="hljs-number">0x0009</span>) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, locals=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, args_size=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>: <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> #<span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// class Holder</span>
<span class="hljs-number">3</span>: dup
<span class="hljs-number">4</span>: invokespecial #<span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// Method "<init>":()V</span>
<span class="hljs-number">7</span>: astore_1
<span class="hljs-number">8</span>: aload_1
<span class="hljs-number">9</span>: iconst_1
<span class="hljs-number">10</span>: invokestatic #<span class="hljs-number">5</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;</span>
<span class="hljs-number">13</span>: invokevirtual #<span class="hljs-number">6</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// Method set:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V</span>
<span class="hljs-number">16</span>: aload_1
<span class="hljs-number">17</span>: invokevirtual #<span class="hljs-number">7</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// Method get:()Ljava/lang/Object;</span>
<span class="hljs-number">20</span>: checkcast #<span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// class java/lang/Integer</span>
<span class="hljs-number">23</span>: astore_2
<span class="hljs-number">24</span>: <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="24" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="24" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%99%85%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0">泛型的实际实现</h2>
<ul>
<li>对泛型的处理全部集中在编译期，在编译时，编译器会执行如下操作。
<ul>
<li>会将泛型类的类型参数都用边界类型替换。</li>
<li>对于传入对象给方法形参的指令，编译器会执行一个类型检查，看传入的对象是不是类型参数所指定的类型。</li>
<li>对于返回类型参数表示对象的指令，也会执行一个类型检查，还会插入一个自动的向下转型，将对象从边界类型向下转型到类型参数所表示的类型。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="25" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="25" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E8%BF%99%E4%BA%9B%E9%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E9%94%99%E7%9A%84-%08">这些都是错的 </h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java">ppublic <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><T> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T obj;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span><span class="hljs-params">(T obj)</span>{ <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.obj = obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> T <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> obj; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">testT</span><span class="hljs-params">(Object arg)</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (arg <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> T){ ... } <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误</span>
<span class="hljs-type">T</span> <span class="hljs-variable">var</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">T</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误</span>
T[] array = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">T</span>[<span class="hljs-number">100</span>]; <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误</span>
}
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="26" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="26" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E7%9C%9F%E6%83%B3%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1">如果真想生成泛型对象？</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><T>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T t;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">init</span><span class="hljs-params">(IFactory<T> factory)</span>{
<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.t = factory.create(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 此处即为new T()的工厂方法的实现</span>
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">IFactory</span><T>{ <span class="hljs-comment">//接口也可以参数化</span>
T <span class="hljs-title function_">create</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">IntegerFactory</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">IFactory</span><Integer>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Integer <span class="hljs-title function_">create</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Integer</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>);
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">newTwithFactory</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
Holder<Integer> holder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><>();
holder.init(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">IntegerFactory</span>());
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="27" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="27" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%88%96%E8%80%85%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8rtti">或者可以使用RTTI</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><T>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T t;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Class<T> kind;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Holder</span><span class="hljs-params">(Class<T> kind)</span>{ <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.kind = kind; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">init</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>{
<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.t = kind.newInstance();
}<span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> {
Holder<Integer> holder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Holder</span><>(Integer.class);
holder.init();
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="28" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="28" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C-bounds">边界 Bounds</h2>
<p>用<code>extends</code>申明对参数类型的限制条件</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">HasColor</span>{ java.awt.Color <span class="hljs-title function_">getColor</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Colored</span> <T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">HasColor</span>>{...}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Dimension</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> x,y,z; }
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ColoredDimension</span> <T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">HasColor</span> & Dimension>{...} <span class="hljs-comment">//错误！</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ColoredDimension</span> <T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Dimension</span> & HasColor>{ <span class="hljs-comment">//why？</span>
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="29" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="29" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90">看看这个例子</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java">
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">NonConvariantGeneric</span> {
List<Fruit> flist = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span><Apple>(); <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>Apple的<code>List</code>不是Fruit的<code>List</code>。Apple的<code>List</code>将持有Apple和Apple的子类型，Fruit的<code>List</code>将持有任何类型的<code>Fruit</code>。是的，这包括Apple，但是它不是一个Apple的<code>List</code>，它仍然是Fruit的<code>List</code>。Apple的<code>List</code>在类型上不等价于<code>Fruit</code>的List，即使Apple是一种Fruit类型。</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="30" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="30" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%86%8D%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90">再看看这个例子</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span> {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span> {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Plate</span><T>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> T item;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Plate</span><span class="hljs-params">(T t)</span>{item=t;}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span><span class="hljs-params">(T t)</span>{item=t;}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> T <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> item;}
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//现在我定义一个“水果盘子”，逻辑上水果盘子当然可以装苹果。</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//但实际上Java编译器不允许这个操作。会报错，“装苹果的盘子”无法转换成“装水果的盘子”。</span>
Plate<Fruit> p = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Plate</span><Apple>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span>()); <span class="hljs-comment">//编译错误！</span>
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; color:red;">“苹果” IS-A “水果”， BUT “装苹果的盘子” NOT-IS-A “装水果的盘子”！</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="31" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="31" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%8D%8F%E5%8F%98%E4%B8%8E%E9%80%86%E5%8F%98">协变与逆变</h2>
<p>协变与逆变(Covariance and contravariance )是在计算机科学中，描述具有父/子型别关系的多个型别通过型别构造器、构造出的多个复杂型别之间是否有父/子型别关系的用语。</p>
<p><small><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%8F%98%E4%B8%8E%E9%80%86%E5%8F%98">https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/协变与逆变</a></small></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="32" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="32" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E9%80%9A%E9%85%8D%E7%AC%A6">通配符</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">GenericsAndCovariance</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
<span class="hljs-comment">//一个能放水果以及一切是水果派生类的盘子,啥水果都能放的盘子</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//Plate<？ extends Fruit>和Plate<Apple>最大的区别就是：</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//Plate<？ extends Fruit>是Plate<Fruit>以及Plate<Apple>的基类。</span>
Plate<? <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>> p=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Plate</span><Apple>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span>());
<span class="hljs-comment">// a list of any type that's inherited from Fruit</span>
List<? <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>> flist = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span><Apple>();
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="33" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="33" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B">扩展一下</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Food</span>{}
<span class="hljs-comment">//Lev 2</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Food</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Meat</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Food</span>{}
<span class="hljs-comment">//Lev 3</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Banana</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Pork</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Meat</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Beef</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Meat</span>{}
<span class="hljs-comment">//Lev 4</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">RedApple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">GreenApple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span>{}
</code></pre>
<p><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/20400700">https://www.zhihu.com/question/20400700</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="34" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:80%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/5/lowerBounds.png");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="20%" height="720"><section id="34" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="34" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:80%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="%E9%80%9A%E9%85%8D">通配</h2>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="34" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="35" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="35" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="but">but</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
Plate<? <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>> p=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Plate</span><Apple>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span>());
<span class="hljs-comment">//不能存入任何元素</span>
p.set(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>()); <span class="hljs-comment">//Error</span>
p.set(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span>()); <span class="hljs-comment">//Error</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//读取出来的东西只能存放在Fruit或它的基类里。</span>
Fruit newFruit1=p.get();
Object newFruit2=p.get();
Apple newFruit3=p.get(); <span class="hljs-comment">//Error</span>
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:20pt; color:red ">"A Plate of any type that's inherited from Fruit" 的意思不是"A Plate will hold any type of Fruit" but means "some specific type which is not specified" </div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="36" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:60%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/5/upperBounds.png");background-size:contain;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="40%" height="720"><section id="36" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="36" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:60%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="super">super</h2>
<p>表达的就是相反的概念：一个能放水果以及一切是水果基类的盘子。</p>
<p><code>Plate<？super Fruit></code>覆盖图中红色的区域。</p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="36" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="37" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="37" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="but-1">but</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">GenericsAndCovariance</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
Plate<? <span class="hljs-built_in">super</span> Fruit> p=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Plate</span><Fruit>(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>());
<span class="hljs-comment">//存入元素正常</span>
p.set(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fruit</span>());
p.set(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Apple</span>());
<span class="hljs-comment">//读取出来的东西只能存放在Object类里。</span>
Apple newFruit3=p.get(); <span class="hljs-comment">//Error</span>
Fruit newFruit1=p.get(); <span class="hljs-comment">//Error</span>
Object newFruit2=p.get();
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="38" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="38" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h1 id="%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB">区别？</h1>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>///无界通配符 Unbounded Wildcards
List<?>
</code></pre>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>List
</code></pre>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code>List<Object>
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="39" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="39" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="overloading">Overloading</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">UseList</span><W,T>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">f</span><span class="hljs-params">(List<T> v)</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">f</span><span class="hljs-params">(List<W> v)</span>{}
}
</code></pre>
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:30pt; color:red ">NO！</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="40" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="40" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="self-bounded-types-%F0%9F%98%A2">Self-bounded types <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="😢" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/[email protected]/assets/svg/1f622.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SelfBounded</span><T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SelfBounded</span><T>>{
...
}
</code></pre>
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19588449/self-bounded-generics">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19588449/self-bounded-generics</a></p>
<p><a href="https://jishu.dev/2021/03/03/java-self-bounded-types/">https://jishu.dev/2021/03/03/java-self-bounded-types/</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="41" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="41" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E4%BB%8E%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B">从简单的开始</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicHolder</span><T> {
T element;
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span><span class="hljs-params">(T arg)</span>{<span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.element = arg;}
T <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.element;}
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">print</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{
System.out.println(element.getClass().getSimpleName());
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SubType</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicHolder</span><SubType> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
<span class="hljs-type">SubType</span> <span class="hljs-variable">s1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SubType</span>();
<span class="hljs-type">SubType</span> <span class="hljs-variable">s3</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> s1.get();
s1.print();
s3.print();
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="42" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="42" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88">得到什么？</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SubType</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicHolder</span><SubType> {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Plate</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicHolder</span><Plate>{}
...
</code></pre>
<p>... the generic base class becomes a kind of template for comon functionality for all its derived class</p>
<br />
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:30pt; color:red ">跟实现一个父类有什么区别？</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="43" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="43" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E8%B7%9F%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB">跟普通继承关系的区别</h2>
<p>... but this functionality will use the derived type for all of its arguments and return values ...</p>
<br />
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:30pt; color:red ">漂亮！</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="44" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="44" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E5%B0%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98">还有一点小问题</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Other</span>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicOther</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicHolder</span><Other>{}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
<span class="hljs-type">BasicOther</span> <span class="hljs-variable">b</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicOther</span>(), b2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">BasicOther</span>();
b.set(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Other</span>());
<span class="hljs-type">Other</span> <span class="hljs-variable">other</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> b.get();
b.print();<span class="hljs-comment">// Other</span>
}
</code></pre>
<br />
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:30pt; color:red ">没完全限制</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="45" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="45" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="self-bounded">Self-bounded</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-java"><span class="hljs-comment">//forcing the generic to be used as its own bound argument</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SelfBounded</span><T <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SelfBounded</span><T>> {
T element;
SelfBounded<T> <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span><span class="hljs-params">(T arg)</span>{
element = arg;
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>;
}
T <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>{<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> element;}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">A</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SelfBounded</span><A> {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">B</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SelfBounded</span><A> {} <span class="hljs-comment">//ok </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">D</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">E</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">SelfBounded</span><D>{} <span class="hljs-comment">//error</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span>{
<span class="hljs-type">A</span> <span class="hljs-variable">a</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">A</span>();
a.set(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">A</span>());
a.print();
<span class="hljs-type">B</span> <span class="hljs-variable">b</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">B</span>(), a2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">B</span>();
<span class="hljs-comment">//b.set(b2); //Error</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//b.print();</span>
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="46" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="46" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47">
<h2 id="%E9%AB%98%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%B4%E6%B3%95">高大上一点的说法</h2>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:30pt; color:red ">Argument covariance</div>
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:30pt; color:red ">&</div>
<div style="text-align:center; font-size:30pt; color:red ">Covariant return types</div>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="47" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url("images/happy.png");background-size:50%;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="47" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="47" style="--paginate:true;--background-color:#fff;--theme:gaia;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="content"></section>
<script>!function(){"use strict";const t={h1:{proto:()=>HTMLHeadingElement,attrs:{role:"heading","aria-level":"1"},style:"display: block; font-size: 2em; margin-block-start: 0.67em; margin-block-end: 0.67em; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; font-weight: bold;"},h2:{proto:()=>HTMLHeadingElement,attrs:{role:"heading","aria-level":"2"},style:"display: block; font-size: 1.5em; margin-block-start: 0.83em; margin-block-end: 0.83em; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; font-weight: bold;"},h3:{proto:()=>HTMLHeadingElement,attrs:{role:"heading","aria-level":"3"},style:"display: block; font-size: 1.17em; margin-block-start: 1em; margin-block-end: 1em; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; font-weight: bold;"},h4:{proto:()=>HTMLHeadingElement,attrs:{role:"heading","aria-level":"4"},style:"display: block; margin-block-start: 1.33em; margin-block-end: 1.33em; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; font-weight: bold;"},h5:{proto:()=>HTMLHeadingElement,attrs:{role:"heading","aria-level":"5"},style:"display: block; font-size: 0.83em; margin-block-start: 1.67em; margin-block-end: 1.67em; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; font-weight: bold;"},h6:{proto:()=>HTMLHeadingElement,attrs:{role:"heading","aria-level":"6"},style:"display: block; font-size: 0.67em; margin-block-start: 2.33em; margin-block-end: 2.33em; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; font-weight: bold;"},span:{proto:()=>HTMLSpanElement},pre:{proto:()=>HTMLElement,style:"display: block; font-family: monospace; white-space: pre; margin: 1em 0; --marp-auto-scaling-white-space: pre;"}},e="data-marp-auto-scaling-wrapper",i="data-marp-auto-scaling-svg",n="data-marp-auto-scaling-container";class s extends HTMLElement{container;containerSize;containerObserver;svg;svgComputedStyle;svgPreserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet";wrapper;wrapperSize;wrapperObserver;constructor(){super();const t=t=>([e])=>{const{width:i,height:n}=e.contentRect;this[t]={width:i,height:n},this.updateSVGRect()};this.attachShadow({mode:"open"}),this.containerObserver=new ResizeObserver(t("containerSize")),this.wrapperObserver=new ResizeObserver(((...e)=>{t("wrapperSize")(...e),this.flushSvgDisplay()}))}static get observedAttributes(){return["data-downscale-only"]}connectedCallback(){this.shadowRoot.innerHTML=`\n<style>\n svg[${i}] { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; vertical-align: top; }\n span[${n}] { display: table; white-space: var(--marp-auto-scaling-white-space, nowrap); width: max-content; }\n</style>\n<div ${e}>\n <svg part="svg" ${i}>\n <foreignObject><span ${n}><slot></slot></span></foreignObject>\n </svg>\n</div>\n `.split(/\n\s*/).join(""),this.wrapper=this.shadowRoot.querySelector(`div[${e}]`)??void 0;const t=this.svg;this.svg=this.wrapper?.querySelector(`svg[${i}]`)??void 0,this.svg!==t&&(this.svgComputedStyle=this.svg?window.getComputedStyle(this.svg):void 0),this.container=this.svg?.querySelector(`span[${n}]`)??void 0,this.observe()}disconnectedCallback(){this.svg=void 0,this.svgComputedStyle=void 0,this.wrapper=void 0,this.container=void 0,this.observe()}attributeChangedCallback(){this.observe()}flushSvgDisplay(){const{svg:t}=this;t&&(t.style.display="inline",requestAnimationFrame((()=>{t.style.display=""})))}observe(){this.containerObserver.disconnect(),this.wrapperObserver.disconnect(),this.wrapper&&this.wrapperObserver.observe(this.wrapper),this.container&&this.containerObserver.observe(this.container),this.svgComputedStyle&&this.observeSVGStyle(this.svgComputedStyle)}observeSVGStyle(t){const e=()=>{const i=(()=>{const e=t.getPropertyValue("--preserve-aspect-ratio");if(e)return e.trim();return`x${(({textAlign:t,direction:e})=>{if(t.endsWith("left"))return"Min";if(t.endsWith("right"))return"Max";if("start"===t||"end"===t){let i="rtl"===e;return"end"===t&&(i=!i),i?"Max":"Min"}return"Mid"})(t)}YMid meet`})();i!==this.svgPreserveAspectRatio&&(this.svgPreserveAspectRatio=i,this.updateSVGRect()),t===this.svgComputedStyle&&requestAnimationFrame(e)};e()}updateSVGRect(){let t=Math.ceil(this.containerSize?.width??0);const e=Math.ceil(this.containerSize?.height??0);void 0!==this.dataset.downscaleOnly&&(t=Math.max(t,this.wrapperSize?.width??0));const i=this.svg?.querySelector(":scope > foreignObject");if(i?.setAttribute("width",`${t}`),i?.setAttribute("height",`${e}`),this.svg&&(this.svg.setAttribute("viewBox",`0 0 ${t} ${e}`),this.svg.setAttribute("preserveAspectRatio",this.svgPreserveAspectRatio),this.svg.style.height=t<=0||e<=0?"0":""),this.container){const t=this.svgPreserveAspectRatio.toLowerCase();this.container.style.marginLeft=t.startsWith("xmid")||t.startsWith("xmax")?"auto":"0",this.container.style.marginRight=t.startsWith("xmi")?"auto":"0"}}}const r=(t,{attrs:e={},style:i})=>class extends t{constructor(...t){super(...t);for(const[t,i]of Object.entries(e))this.hasAttribute(t)||this.setAttribute(t,i);this._shadow()}static get observedAttributes(){return["data-auto-scaling"]}connectedCallback(){this._update()}attributeChangedCallback(){this._update()}_shadow(){if(!this.shadowRoot)try{this.attachShadow({mode:"open"})}catch(t){if(!(t instanceof Error&&"NotSupportedError"===t.name))throw t}return this.shadowRoot}_update(){const t=this._shadow();if(t){const e=i?`<style>:host { ${i} }</style>`:"";let n="<slot></slot>";const{autoScaling:s}=this.dataset;if(void 0!==s){n=`<marp-auto-scaling exportparts="svg:auto-scaling" ${"downscale-only"===s?"data-downscale-only":""}>${n}</marp-auto-scaling>`}t.innerHTML=e+n}}};let o;const a=Symbol();let l;const c="marpitSVGPolyfill:setZoomFactor,",d=Symbol(),h=Symbol();const g=()=>{const t="Apple Computer, Inc."===navigator.vendor,e=t?[u]:[],i={then:e=>(t?(async()=>{if(void 0===l){const t=document.createElement("canvas");t.width=10,t.height=10;const e=t.getContext("2d"),i=new Image(10,10),n=new Promise((t=>{i.addEventListener("load",(()=>t()))}));i.crossOrigin="anonymous",i.src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201%201%22%3E%3CforeignObject%20width%3D%221%22%20height%3D%221%22%20requiredExtensions%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxhtml%22%3E%3Cdiv%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxhtml%22%20style%3D%22width%3A%201px%3B%20height%3A%201px%3B%20background%3A%20red%3B%20position%3A%20relative%22%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%3C%2FforeignObject%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E",await n,e.drawImage(i,0,0),l=e.getImageData(5,5,1,1).data[3]<128}return l})().then((t=>{null==e||e(t?[u]:[])})):null==e||e([]),i)};return Object.assign(e,i)};let p,m;function u(t){const e="object"==typeof t&&t.target||document,i="object"==typeof t?t.zoom:t;window[h]||(Object.defineProperty(window,h,{configurable:!0,value:!0}),document.body.style.zoom=1.0001,document.body.offsetHeight,document.body.style.zoom=1,window.addEventListener("message",(({data:t,origin:e})=>{if(e===window.origin)try{if(t&&"string"==typeof t&&t.startsWith(c)){const[,e]=t.split(","),i=Number.parseFloat(e);Number.isNaN(i)||(m=i)}}catch(t){console.error(t)}})));let n=!1;Array.from(e.querySelectorAll("svg[data-marpit-svg]"),(t=>{var e,s,r,o;t.style.transform||(t.style.transform="translateZ(0)");const a=i||m||t.currentScale||1;p!==a&&(p=a,n=a);const l=t.getBoundingClientRect(),{length:c}=t.children;for(let i=0;i<c;i+=1){const n=t.children[i];if(n.getScreenCTM){const t=n.getScreenCTM();if(t){const i=null!==(s=null===(e=n.x)||void 0===e?void 0:e.baseVal.value)&&void 0!==s?s:0,c=null!==(o=null===(r=n.y)||void 0===r?void 0:r.baseVal.value)&&void 0!==o?o:0,d=n.children.length;for(let e=0;e<d;e+=1){const s=n.children[e];if("SECTION"===s.tagName){const{style:e}=s;e.transformOrigin||(e.transformOrigin=`${-i}px ${-c}px`),e.transform=`scale(${a}) matrix(${t.a}, ${t.b}, ${t.c}, ${t.d}, ${t.e-l.left}, ${t.f-l.top}) translateZ(0.0001px)`;break}}}}}})),!1!==n&&Array.from(e.querySelectorAll("iframe"),(({contentWindow:t})=>{null==t||t.postMessage(`${c}${n}`,"null"===window.origin?"*":window.origin)}))}function v({once:t=!1,target:e=document}={}){const i=function(t=document){if(t[d])return t[d];let e=!0;const i=()=>{e=!1,delete t[d]};Object.defineProperty(t,d,{configurable:!0,value:i});let n=[],s=!1;(async()=>{try{n=await g()}finally{s=!0}})();const r=()=>{for(const e of n)e({target:t});s&&0===n.length||e&&window.requestAnimationFrame(r)};return r(),i}(e);return t?(i(),()=>{}):i}p=1,m=void 0;const w=Symbol(),b=(e=document)=>{if("undefined"==typeof window)throw new Error("Marp Core's browser script is valid only in browser context.");if(((e=document)=>{const i=window[a];i||customElements.define("marp-auto-scaling",s);for(const n of Object.keys(t)){const s=`marp-${n}`,a=t[n].proto();(o??(o=!!document.createElement("div",{is:"marp-auto-scaling"}).outerHTML.startsWith("<div is"),o))&&a!==HTMLElement?i||customElements.define(s,r(a,{style:t[n].style}),{extends:n}):(i||customElements.define(s,r(HTMLElement,t[n])),e.querySelectorAll(`${n}[is="${s}"]`).forEach((t=>{t.outerHTML=t.outerHTML.replace(new RegExp(`^<${n}`,"i"),`<${s}`).replace(new RegExp(`</${n}>$`,"i"),`</${s}>`)})))}window[a]=!0})(e),e[w])return e[w];const i=v({target:e}),n=()=>{i(),delete e[w]},l=Object.assign(n,{cleanup:n,update:()=>b(e)});return Object.defineProperty(e,w,{configurable:!0,value:l}),l},y=document.currentScript;b(y?y.getRootNode():document)}();
</script></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-background-color="#fff" data-theme="gaia" lang="zh-CN" data-marpit-pagination="47" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="47" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg></div><script>/*!! License: https://unpkg.com/@marp-team/[email protected]/lib/bespoke.js.LICENSE.txt */
!function(){"use strict";function e(e){return e&&e.__esModule&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,"default")?e.default:e}var t,n,r=(n||(n=1,t={from:function(e,t){var n,r=1===(e.parent||e).nodeType?e.parent||e:document.querySelector(e.parent||e),o=[].filter.call("string"==typeof e.slides?r.querySelectorAll(e.slides):e.slides||r.children,(function(e){return"SCRIPT"!==e.nodeName})),a={},i=function(e,t){return(t=t||{}).index=o.indexOf(e),t.slide=e,t},s=function(e,t){a[e]=(a[e]||[]).filter((function(e){return e!==t}))},c=function(e,t){return(a[e]||[]).reduce((function(e,n){return e&&!1!==n(t)}),!0)},l=function(e,t){o[e]&&(n&&c("deactivate",i(n,t)),n=o[e],c("activate",i(n,t)))},d=function(e,t){var r=o.indexOf(n)+e;c(e>0?"next":"prev",i(n,t))&&l(r,t)},u={off:s,on:function(e,t){return(a[e]||(a[e]=[])).push(t),s.bind(null,e,t)},fire:c,slide:function(e,t){if(!arguments.length)return o.indexOf(n);c("slide",i(o[e],t))&&l(e,t)},next:d.bind(null,1),prev:d.bind(null,-1),parent:r,slides:o,destroy:function(e){c("destroy",i(n,e)),a={}}};return(t||[]).forEach((function(e){e(u)})),n||l(0),u}}),t),o=e(r);const a=document.body,i=(...e)=>history.replaceState(...e),s="",c="presenter",l="next",d=["",c,l],u="bespoke-marp-",f=`data-${u}`,m=(e,{protocol:t,host:n,pathname:r,hash:o}=location)=>{const a=e.toString();return`${t}//${n}${r}${a?"?":""}${a}${o}`},g=()=>a.dataset.bespokeView,p=e=>new URLSearchParams(location.search).get(e),v=(e,t={})=>{const n={location,setter:i,...t},r=new URLSearchParams(n.location.search);for(const t of Object.keys(e)){const n=e[t];"string"==typeof n?r.set(t,n):r.delete(t)}try{n.setter({...window.history.state??{}},"",m(r,n.location))}catch(e){console.error(e)}},h=(()=>{const e="bespoke-marp";try{return localStorage.setItem(e,e),localStorage.removeItem(e),!0}catch{return!1}})(),y=e=>{try{return localStorage.getItem(e)}catch{return null}},b=(e,t)=>{try{return localStorage.setItem(e,t),!0}catch{return!1}},w=e=>{try{return localStorage.removeItem(e),!0}catch{return!1}},x=(e,t)=>{const n="aria-hidden";t?e.setAttribute(n,"true"):e.removeAttribute(n)},k=e=>{e.parent.classList.add(`${u}parent`),e.slides.forEach((e=>e.classList.add(`${u}slide`))),e.on("activate",(t=>{const n=`${u}active`,r=t.slide,o=r.classList,a=!o.contains(n);if(e.slides.forEach((e=>{e.classList.remove(n),x(e,!0)})),o.add(n),x(r,!1),a){const e=`${n}-ready`;o.add(e),document.body.clientHeight,o.remove(e)}}))},$=e=>{let t=0,n=0;Object.defineProperty(e,"fragments",{enumerable:!0,value:e.slides.map((e=>[null,...e.querySelectorAll("[data-marpit-fragment]")]))});const r=r=>void 0!==e.fragments[t][n+r],o=(r,o)=>{t=r,n=o,e.fragments.forEach(((e,t)=>{e.forEach(((e,n)=>{if(null==e)return;const a=t<r||t===r&&n<=o;e.setAttribute(`${f}fragment`,(a?"":"in")+"active");const i=`${f}current-fragment`;t===r&&n===o?e.setAttribute(i,"current"):e.removeAttribute(i)}))})),e.fragmentIndex=o;const a={slide:e.slides[r],index:r,fragments:e.fragments[r],fragmentIndex:o};e.fire("fragment",a)};e.on("next",(({fragment:a=!0})=>{if(a){if(r(1))return o(t,n+1),!1;const a=t+1;e.fragments[a]&&o(a,0)}else{const r=e.fragments[t].length;if(n+1<r)return o(t,r-1),!1;const a=e.fragments[t+1];a&&o(t+1,a.length-1)}})),e.on("prev",(({fragment:a=!0})=>{if(r(-1)&&a)return o(t,n-1),!1;const i=t-1;e.fragments[i]&&o(i,e.fragments[i].length-1)})),e.on("slide",(({index:t,fragment:n})=>{let r=0;if(void 0!==n){const o=e.fragments[t];if(o){const{length:e}=o;r=-1===n?e-1:Math.min(Math.max(n,0),e-1)}}o(t,r)})),o(0,0)},E=document,L=()=>!(!E.fullscreenEnabled&&!E.webkitFullscreenEnabled),S=()=>!(!E.fullscreenElement&&!E.webkitFullscreenElement),P=e=>{e.fullscreen=()=>{L()&&(async()=>{S()?(E.exitFullscreen||E.webkitExitFullscreen)?.call(E):((e=E.body)=>{(e.requestFullscreen||e.webkitRequestFullscreen)?.call(e)})()})()},document.addEventListener("keydown",(t=>{"f"!==t.key&&"F11"!==t.key||t.altKey||t.ctrlKey||t.metaKey||!L()||(e.fullscreen(),t.preventDefault())}))},_=`${u}inactive`,T=(e=2e3)=>({parent:t,fire:n})=>{const r=t.classList,o=e=>n(`marp-${e?"":"in"}active`);let a;const i=()=>{a&&clearTimeout(a),a=setTimeout((()=>{r.add(_),o()}),e),r.contains(_)&&(r.remove(_),o(!0))};for(const e of["mousedown","mousemove","touchend"])document.addEventListener(e,i);setTimeout(i,0)},I=["AUDIO","BUTTON","INPUT","SELECT","TEXTAREA","VIDEO"],M=e=>{e.parent.addEventListener("keydown",(e=>{if(!e.target)return;const t=e.target;(I.includes(t.nodeName)||"true"===t.contentEditable)&&e.stopPropagation()}))},O=e=>{window.addEventListener("load",(()=>{for(const t of e.slides){const e=t.querySelector("marp-auto-scaling, [data-auto-scaling], [data-marp-fitting]");t.setAttribute(`${f}load`,e?"":"hideable")}}))},A=({interval:e=250}={})=>t=>{document.addEventListener("keydown",(e=>{if(" "===e.key&&e.shiftKey)t.prev();else if("ArrowLeft"===e.key||"ArrowUp"===e.key||"PageUp"===e.key)t.prev({fragment:!e.shiftKey});else if(" "!==e.key||e.shiftKey)if("ArrowRight"===e.key||"ArrowDown"===e.key||"PageDown"===e.key)t.next({fragment:!e.shiftKey});else if("End"===e.key)t.slide(t.slides.length-1,{fragment:-1});else{if("Home"!==e.key)return;t.slide(0)}else t.next();e.preventDefault()}));let n,r,o=0;t.parent.addEventListener("wheel",(a=>{let i=!1;const s=(e,t)=>{e&&(i=i||((e,t)=>((e,t)=>{const n="X"===t?"Width":"Height";return e[`client${n}`]<e[`scroll${n}`]})(e,t)&&((e,t)=>{const{overflow:n}=e,r=e[`overflow${t}`];return"auto"===n||"scroll"===n||"auto"===r||"scroll"===r})(getComputedStyle(e),t))(e,t)),e?.parentElement&&s(e.parentElement,t)};if(0!==a.deltaX&&s(a.target,"X"),0!==a.deltaY&&s(a.target,"Y"),i)return;a.preventDefault();const c=Math.sqrt(a.deltaX**2+a.deltaY**2);if(void 0!==a.wheelDelta){if(void 0===a.webkitForce&&Math.abs(a.wheelDelta)<40)return;if(a.deltaMode===a.DOM_DELTA_PIXEL&&c<4)return}else if(a.deltaMode===a.DOM_DELTA_PIXEL&&c<12)return;r&&clearTimeout(r),r=setTimeout((()=>{n=0}),e);const l=Date.now()-o<e,d=c<=n;if(n=c,l||d)return;let u;(a.deltaX>0||a.deltaY>0)&&(u="next"),(a.deltaX<0||a.deltaY<0)&&(u="prev"),u&&(t[u](),o=Date.now())}))},C=(e=`.${u}osc`)=>{const t=document.querySelector(e);if(!t)return()=>{};const n=(e,n)=>{t.querySelectorAll(`[${f}osc=${JSON.stringify(e)}]`).forEach(n)};return L()||n("fullscreen",(e=>e.style.display="none")),h||n("presenter",(e=>{e.disabled=!0,e.title="Presenter view is disabled due to restricted localStorage."})),e=>{t.addEventListener("click",(t=>{if(t.target instanceof HTMLElement){const{bespokeMarpOsc:n}=t.target.dataset;n&&t.target.blur();const r={fragment:!t.shiftKey};"next"===n?e.next(r):"prev"===n?e.prev(r):"fullscreen"===n?e?.fullscreen():"presenter"===n&&e.openPresenterView()}})),e.parent.appendChild(t),e.on("activate",(({index:t})=>{n("page",(n=>n.textContent=`Page ${t+1} of ${e.slides.length}`))})),e.on("fragment",(({index:t,fragments:r,fragmentIndex:o})=>{n("prev",(e=>e.disabled=0===t&&0===o)),n("next",(n=>n.disabled=t===e.slides.length-1&&o===r.length-1))})),e.on("marp-active",(()=>x(t,!1))),e.on("marp-inactive",(()=>x(t,!0))),L()&&(e=>{for(const t of["","webkit"])E.addEventListener(t+"fullscreenchange",e)})((()=>n("fullscreen",(e=>e.classList.toggle("exit",L()&&S())))))}},D=e=>{window.addEventListener("message",(t=>{if(t.origin!==window.origin)return;const[n,r]=t.data.split(":");if("navigate"===n){const[t,n]=r.split(",");let o=Number.parseInt(t,10),a=Number.parseInt(n,10)+1;a>=e.fragments[o].length&&(o+=1,a=0),e.slide(o,{fragment:a})}}))};var N,B,q,K,j,F,V,U={exports:{}},X=(N||(N=1,U.exports=(B=["area","base","br","col","command","embed","hr","img","input","keygen","link","meta","param","source","track","wbr"],q=function(e){return String(e).replace(/[&<>"']/g,(function(e){return"&"+K[e]+";"}))},K={"&":"amp","<":"lt",">":"gt",'"':"quot","'":"apos"},j="dangerouslySetInnerHTML",F={className:"class",htmlFor:"for"},V={},function(e,t){var n=[],r="";t=t||{};for(var o=arguments.length;o-- >2;)n.push(arguments[o]);if("function"==typeof e)return t.children=n.reverse(),e(t);if(e){if(r+="<"+e,t)for(var a in t)!1!==t[a]&&null!=t[a]&&a!==j&&(r+=" "+(F[a]?F[a]:q(a))+'="'+q(t[a])+'"');r+=">"}if(-1===B.indexOf(e)){if(t[j])r+=t[j].__html;else for(;n.length;){var i=n.pop();if(i)if(i.pop)for(var s=i.length;s--;)n.push(i[s]);else r+=!0===V[i]?i:q(i)}r+=e?"</"+e+">":""}return V[r]=!0,r})),U.exports),H=e(X);const R=({children:e})=>H(null,null,...e),W=`${u}presenter-`,J={container:`${W}container`,dragbar:`${W}dragbar-container`,next:`${W}next`,nextContainer:`${W}next-container`,noteContainer:`${W}note-container`,noteWrapper:`${W}note-wrapper`,noteButtons:`${W}note-buttons`,infoContainer:`${W}info-container`,infoPage:`${W}info-page`,infoPageText:`${W}info-page-text`,infoPagePrev:`${W}info-page-prev`,infoPageNext:`${W}info-page-next`,noteButtonsBigger:`${W}note-bigger`,noteButtonsSmaller:`${W}note-smaller`,infoTime:`${W}info-time`,infoTimer:`${W}info-timer`},Y=e=>{const{title:t}=document;document.title="[Presenter view]"+(t?` - ${t}`:"");const n={},r=e=>(n[e]=n[e]||document.querySelector(`.${e}`),n[e]);document.body.appendChild((e=>{const t=document.createElement("div");return t.className=J.container,t.appendChild(e),t.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend",H(R,null,H("div",{class:J.nextContainer},H("iframe",{class:J.next,src:"?view=next"})),H("div",{class:J.dragbar}),H("div",{class:J.noteContainer},H("div",{class:J.noteWrapper}),H("div",{class:J.noteButtons},H("button",{class:J.noteButtonsSmaller,tabindex:"-1",title:"Smaller notes font size"},"Smaller notes font size"),H("button",{class:J.noteButtonsBigger,tabindex:"-1",title:"Bigger notes font size"},"Bigger notes font size"))),H("div",{class:J.infoContainer},H("div",{class:J.infoPage},H("button",{class:J.infoPagePrev,tabindex:"-1",title:"Previous"},"Previous"),H("span",{class:J.infoPageText}),H("button",{class:J.infoPageNext,tabindex:"-1",title:"Next"},"Next")),H("time",{class:J.infoTime,title:"Current time"}),H("time",{class:J.infoTimer,title:"Timer"})))),t})(e.parent)),(e=>{let t=!1;r(J.dragbar).addEventListener("mousedown",(()=>{t=!0,r(J.dragbar).classList.add("active")})),window.addEventListener("mouseup",(()=>{t=!1,r(J.dragbar).classList.remove("active")})),window.addEventListener("mousemove",(e=>{if(!t)return;const n=e.clientX/document.documentElement.clientWidth*100;r(J.container).style.setProperty("--bespoke-marp-presenter-split-ratio",`${Math.max(0,Math.min(100,n))}%`)})),r(J.nextContainer).addEventListener("click",(()=>e.next()));const n=r(J.next),o=(a=n,(e,t)=>a.contentWindow?.postMessage(`navigate:${e},${t}`,"null"===window.origin?"*":window.origin));var a;n.addEventListener("load",(()=>{r(J.nextContainer).classList.add("active"),o(e.slide(),e.fragmentIndex),e.on("fragment",(({index:e,fragmentIndex:t})=>o(e,t)))}));const i=document.querySelectorAll(".bespoke-marp-note");i.forEach((e=>{e.addEventListener("keydown",(e=>e.stopPropagation())),r(J.noteWrapper).appendChild(e)})),e.on("activate",(()=>i.forEach((t=>t.classList.toggle("active",t.dataset.index==e.slide())))));let s=0;const c=e=>{s=Math.max(-5,s+e),r(J.noteContainer).style.setProperty("--bespoke-marp-note-font-scale",(1.2**s).toFixed(4))},l=()=>c(1),d=()=>c(-1),u=r(J.noteButtonsBigger),f=r(J.noteButtonsSmaller);u.addEventListener("click",(()=>{u.blur(),l()})),f.addEventListener("click",(()=>{f.blur(),d()})),document.addEventListener("keydown",(e=>{"+"===e.key&&l(),"-"===e.key&&d()}),!0),e.on("activate",(({index:t})=>{r(J.infoPageText).textContent=`${t+1} / ${e.slides.length}`}));const m=r(J.infoPagePrev),g=r(J.infoPageNext);m.addEventListener("click",(t=>{m.blur(),e.prev({fragment:!t.shiftKey})})),g.addEventListener("click",(t=>{g.blur(),e.next({fragment:!t.shiftKey})})),e.on("fragment",(({index:t,fragments:n,fragmentIndex:r})=>{m.disabled=0===t&&0===r,g.disabled=t===e.slides.length-1&&r===n.length-1}));let p=new Date;const v=()=>{const e=new Date,t=e=>`${Math.floor(e)}`.padStart(2,"0"),n=e.getTime()-p.getTime(),o=t(n/1e3%60),a=t(n/1e3/60%60),i=t(n/36e5%24);r(J.infoTime).textContent=e.toLocaleTimeString(),r(J.infoTimer).textContent=`${i}:${a}:${o}`};v(),setInterval(v,250),r(J.infoTimer).addEventListener("click",(()=>{p=new Date}))})(e)},z=e=>{if(!(e=>e.syncKey&&"string"==typeof e.syncKey)(e))throw new Error("The current instance of Bespoke.js is invalid for Marp bespoke presenter plugin.");Object.defineProperties(e,{openPresenterView:{enumerable:!0,value:G},presenterUrl:{enumerable:!0,get:Q}}),h&&document.addEventListener("keydown",(t=>{"p"!==t.key||t.altKey||t.ctrlKey||t.metaKey||(t.preventDefault(),e.openPresenterView())}))};function G(){const{max:e,floor:t}=Math,n=e(t(.85*window.innerWidth),640),r=e(t(.85*window.innerHeight),360);return window.open(this.presenterUrl,W+this.syncKey,`width=${n},height=${r},menubar=no,toolbar=no`)}function Q(){const e=new URLSearchParams(location.search);return e.set("view","presenter"),e.set("sync",this.syncKey),m(e)}const Z=e=>{const t=g();return t===l&&e.appendChild(document.createElement("span")),{[s]:z,[c]:Y,[l]:D}[t]},ee=e=>{e.on("activate",(t=>{document.querySelectorAll(".bespoke-progress-parent > .bespoke-progress-bar").forEach((n=>{n.style.flexBasis=100*t.index/(e.slides.length-1)+"%"}))}))},te=e=>{const t=Number.parseInt(e,10);return Number.isNaN(t)?null:t},ne=(e={})=>{const t={history:!0,...e};return e=>{let n=!0;const r=e=>{const t=n;try{return n=!0,e()}finally{n=t}},o=(t={fragment:!0})=>{let n=t.fragment?te(p("f")||""):null;((t,n)=>{const{min:r,max:o}=Math,{fragments:a,slides:i}=e,s=o(0,r(t,i.length-1)),c=o(0,r(n||0,a[s].length-1));s===e.slide()&&c===e.fragmentIndex||e.slide(s,{fragment:c})})((()=>{if(location.hash){const[t]=location.hash.slice(1).split(":~:");if(/^\d+$/.test(t))return(te(t)??1)-1;const r=document.getElementById(t)||document.querySelector(`a[name="${CSS.escape(t)}"]`);if(r){const{length:t}=e.slides;for(let o=0;o<t;o+=1)if(e.slides[o].contains(r)){const t=e.fragments?.[o],a=r.closest("[data-marpit-fragment]");if(t&&a){const e=t.indexOf(a);e>=0&&(n=e)}return o}}}return 0})(),n)};e.on("fragment",(({index:e,fragmentIndex:r})=>{n||v({f:0===r||r.toString()},{location:{...location,hash:`#${e+1}`},setter:(...e)=>t.history?history.pushState(...e):history.replaceState(...e)})})),setTimeout((()=>{o(),window.addEventListener("hashchange",(()=>r((()=>{o({fragment:!1}),v({f:void 0})})))),window.addEventListener("popstate",(()=>{n||r((()=>o()))})),n=!1}),0)}},re=(e={})=>{const t=e.key||window.history.state?.marpBespokeSyncKey||Math.random().toString(36).slice(2),n=`bespoke-marp-sync-${t}`;var r;r={marpBespokeSyncKey:t},v({},{setter:(e,...t)=>i({...e,...r},...t)});const o=()=>{const e=y(n);return e?JSON.parse(e):Object.create(null)},a=e=>{const t=o(),r={...t,...e(t)};return b(n,JSON.stringify(r)),r},s=()=>{window.removeEventListener("pageshow",s),a((e=>({reference:(e.reference||0)+1})))};return e=>{s(),Object.defineProperty(e,"syncKey",{value:t,enumerable:!0});let r=!0;setTimeout((()=>{e.on("fragment",(e=>{r&&a((()=>({index:e.index,fragmentIndex:e.fragmentIndex})))}))}),0),window.addEventListener("storage",(t=>{if(t.key===n&&t.oldValue&&t.newValue){const n=JSON.parse(t.oldValue),o=JSON.parse(t.newValue);if(n.index!==o.index||n.fragmentIndex!==o.fragmentIndex)try{r=!1,e.slide(o.index,{fragment:o.fragmentIndex,forSync:!0})}finally{r=!0}}}));const i=()=>{const{reference:e}=o();void 0===e||e<=1?w(n):a((()=>({reference:e-1})))};window.addEventListener("pagehide",(e=>{e.persisted&&window.addEventListener("pageshow",s),i()})),e.on("destroy",i)}},{PI:oe,abs:ae,sqrt:ie,atan2:se}=Math,ce={passive:!0},le=({slope:e=-.7,swipeThreshold:t=30}={})=>n=>{let r;const o=n.parent,a=e=>{const t=o.getBoundingClientRect();return{x:e.pageX-(t.left+t.right)/2,y:e.pageY-(t.top+t.bottom)/2}};o.addEventListener("touchstart",(({touches:e})=>{r=1===e.length?a(e[0]):void 0}),ce),o.addEventListener("touchmove",(e=>{if(r)if(1===e.touches.length){e.preventDefault();const t=a(e.touches[0]),n=t.x-r.x,o=t.y-r.y;r.delta=ie(ae(n)**2+ae(o)**2),r.radian=se(n,o)}else r=void 0})),o.addEventListener("touchend",(o=>{if(r){if(r.delta&&r.delta>=t&&r.radian){const t=(r.radian-e+oe)%(2*oe)-oe;n[t<0?"next":"prev"](),o.stopPropagation()}r=void 0}}),ce)},de=new Map;de.clear(),de.set("none",{backward:{both:void 0,incoming:void 0,outgoing:void 0},forward:{both:void 0,incoming:void 0,outgoing:void 0}});const ue={both:"",outgoing:"outgoing-",incoming:"incoming-"},fe={forward:"",backward:"-backward"},me=e=>`--marp-bespoke-transition-animation-${e}`,ge=e=>`--marp-transition-${e}`,pe=me("name"),ve=me("duration"),he=e=>new Promise((t=>{const n={},r=document.createElement("div"),o=e=>{r.remove(),t(e)};r.addEventListener("animationstart",(()=>o(n))),Object.assign(r.style,{animationName:e,animationDuration:"1s",animationFillMode:"both",animationPlayState:"paused",position:"absolute",pointerEvents:"none"}),document.body.appendChild(r);const a=getComputedStyle(r).getPropertyValue(ge("duration"));a&&(n.defaultDuration=a),((e,t)=>{requestAnimationFrame((()=>{e.style.animationPlayState="running",requestAnimationFrame((()=>t(void 0)))}))})(r,o)})),ye=async e=>de.has(e)?de.get(e):(e=>{const t={},n=[];for(const[r,o]of Object.entries(ue))for(const[a,i]of Object.entries(fe)){const s=`marp-${o}transition${i}-${e}`;n.push(he(s).then((e=>{t[a]=t[a]||{},t[a][r]=e?{...e,name:s}:void 0})))}return Promise.all(n).then((()=>t))})(e).then((t=>(de.set(e,t),t))),be=e=>Object.values(e).flatMap(Object.values).every((e=>!e)),we=(e,{type:t,backward:n})=>{const r=e[n?"backward":"forward"],o=(()=>{const e=r[t],n=e=>({[pe]:e.name});if(e)return n(e);if(r.both){const e=n(r.both);return"incoming"===t&&(e[me("direction")]="reverse"),e}})();return!o&&n?we(e,{type:t,backward:!1}):o||{[pe]:"__bespoke_marp_transition_no_animation__"}},xe=e=>{if(e)try{const t=JSON.parse(e);if((e=>{if("object"!=typeof e)return!1;const t=e;return"string"==typeof t.name&&(void 0===t.duration||"string"==typeof t.duration)})(t))return t}catch{}},ke="_tSId",$e="_tA",Ee="bespoke-marp-transition-warming-up",Le=window.matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)"),Se="__bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_outgoing__",Pe="__bespoke_marp_transition_reduced_incoming__",_e={forward:{both:void 0,incoming:{name:Pe},outgoing:{name:Se}},backward:{both:void 0,incoming:{name:Pe},outgoing:{name:Se}}},Te=e=>{if(!document.startViewTransition)return;const t=t=>(void 0!==t&&(e._tD=t),e._tD);let n;t(!1),((...e)=>{const t=[...new Set(e).values()];return Promise.all(t.map((e=>ye(e)))).then()})(...Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("section[data-transition], section[data-transition-back]")).flatMap((e=>[e.dataset.transition,e.dataset.transitionBack].flatMap((e=>{const t=xe(e);return[t?.name,t?.builtinFallback?`__builtin__${t.name}`:void 0]})).filter((e=>!!e))))).then((()=>{document.querySelectorAll("style").forEach((e=>{e.innerHTML=e.innerHTML.replace(/--marp-transition-duration:[^;}]*[;}]/g,(e=>e.slice(0,-1)+"!important"+e.slice(-1)))}))}));const r=(n,{back:r,cond:o})=>a=>{const i=t();if(i)return!!a[$e]||!("object"!=typeof i||(i.skipTransition(),!a.forSync));if(!o(a))return!0;const s=e.slides[e.slide()],c=()=>a.back??r,l="data-transition"+(c()?"-back":""),d=s.querySelector(`section[${l}]`);if(!d)return!0;const u=xe(d.getAttribute(l)??void 0);return!u||((async(e,{builtinFallback:t=!0}={})=>{let n=await ye(e);if(be(n)){if(!t)return;return n=await ye(`__builtin__${e}`),be(n)?void 0:n}return n})(u.name,{builtinFallback:u.builtinFallback}).then((e=>{if(!e){t(!0);try{n(a)}finally{t(!1)}return}let r=e;Le.matches&&(console.warn("Use a constant animation to transition because preferring reduced motion by viewer has detected."),r=_e);const o=document.getElementById(ke);o&&o.remove();const i=document.createElement("style");i.id=ke,document.head.appendChild(i),((e,t)=>{const n=[`:root{${ge("direction")}:${t.backward?-1:1};}`,":root:has(.bespoke-marp-inactive){cursor:none;}"],r=t=>{const n=e[t].both?.defaultDuration||e[t].outgoing?.defaultDuration||e[t].incoming?.defaultDuration;return"forward"===t?n:n||r("forward")},o=t.duration||r(t.backward?"backward":"forward");void 0!==o&&n.push(`::view-transition-group(*){${ve}:${o};}`);const a=e=>Object.entries(e).map((([e,t])=>`${e}:${t};`)).join("");return n.push(`::view-transition-old(root){${a(we(e,{...t,type:"outgoing"}))}}`,`::view-transition-new(root){${a(we(e,{...t,type:"incoming"}))}}`),n})(r,{backward:c(),duration:u.duration}).forEach((e=>i.sheet?.insertRule(e)));const s=document.documentElement.classList;s.add(Ee);let l=!1;const d=()=>{l||(n(a),l=!0,s.remove(Ee))},f=()=>{t(!1),i.remove(),s.remove(Ee)};try{t(!0);const e=document.startViewTransition(d);t(e),e.finished.finally(f)}catch(e){console.error(e),d(),f()}})),!1)};e.on("prev",r((t=>e.prev({...t,[$e]:!0})),{back:!0,cond:e=>e.index>0&&!((e.fragment??1)&&n.fragmentIndex>0)})),e.on("next",r((t=>e.next({...t,[$e]:!0})),{cond:t=>t.index+1<e.slides.length&&!(n.fragmentIndex+1<n.fragments.length)})),setTimeout((()=>{e.on("slide",r((t=>e.slide(t.index,{...t,[$e]:!0})),{cond:t=>{const n=e.slide();return t.index!==n&&(t.back=t.index<n,!0)}}))}),0),e.on("fragment",(e=>{n=e}))};let Ie;const Me=()=>(void 0===Ie&&(Ie="wakeLock"in navigator&&navigator.wakeLock),Ie),Oe=async()=>{const e=Me();if(e)try{return await e.request("screen")}catch(e){console.warn(e)}return null},Ae=async()=>{if(!Me())return;let e;const t=()=>{e&&"visible"===document.visibilityState&&Oe()};for(const e of["visibilitychange","fullscreenchange"])document.addEventListener(e,t);return e=await Oe(),e};((e=document.getElementById(":$p"))=>{(()=>{const e=p("view");a.dataset.bespokeView=e===l||e===c?e:""})();const t=(e=>{const t=p(e);return v({[e]:void 0}),t})("sync")||void 0;o.from(e,((...e)=>{const t=d.findIndex((e=>g()===e));return e.map((([e,n])=>e[t]&&n)).filter((e=>e))})([[1,1,0],re({key:t})],[[1,1,1],Z(e)],[[1,1,0],M],[[1,1,1],k],[[1,0,0],T()],[[1,1,1],O],[[1,1,1],ne({history:!1})],[[1,1,0],A()],[[1,1,0],P],[[1,0,0],ee],[[1,1,0],le()],[[1,0,0],C()],[[1,0,0],Te],[[1,1,1],$],[[1,1,0],Ae]))})()}();</script></body></html>