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Ago: 1,000,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+02\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Medium\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBaseline foraging; ~2000 kcal total intake\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eControlled Fire (Cooking)\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 800,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 2.00e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eCooking +40% caloric extraction; neurons\u002fkcal rise\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Cooking \u2192 Larger Brains\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eHunting Cooperation\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 300,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 2.50e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGroup hunts; meat sharing; variance reduction\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Sharing \u2192 Social Bonds\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eLate Paleolithic Efficiency\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 50,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 3.00e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Medium\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBetter tools; diverse diet\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eAgriculture Domestication\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 12,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Neolithic\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSurplus enables specialization\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Surplus \u2192 Classes\u002fCities\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eAnimal Draft Power\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 8,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 8.00e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Neolithic\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eOxen\u002fhorses multiply labor\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eIrrigation Systems\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 5,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.20e+04\u003cbr\u003eEra: Ancient\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWater control; yield 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Foraging (Dunbar seeds)\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 1,000,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 3.00e+01\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Medium\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrimate-like social groups\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eLanguage + Food Sharing\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 250,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+01\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eOFT\u002fLHT variance reduction; Ache-style\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Language \u2192 Shared Myths\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eSymbolic Ritual\u002fArt\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 50,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.50e+02\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDunbar number ceiling; tribe cohesion\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eAgricultural Villages\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 12,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+02\u003cbr\u003eEra: Neolithic\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSedentism; larger stable groups\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eChiefdoms\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 7,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 2.00e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Neolithic\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHierarchical coordination\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Hierarchy \u2192 Specialization\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eCity-States\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 5,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+04\u003cbr\u003eEra: Ancient\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWriting\u002flaws enable institutional trust\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Writing \u2192 Institutions\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eEmpires (Rome\u002fHan)\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 2,200\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+06\u003cbr\u003eEra: Ancient\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBureaucracy\u002froads\u002fcoinage\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Empire \u2192 Trade Networks\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eNation-States\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 500\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+07\u003cbr\u003eEra: Pre-Modern\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrint\u002fvernacular\u002fnationalism\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Print \u2192 National Identity\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eGlobal Trade Networks\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 200\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+08\u003cbr\u003eEra: Industrial\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTelegraph\u002fsteamships\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Telegraph \u2192 Global Markets\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eMultinational Corporations\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 74\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+08\u003cbr\u003eEra: Modern\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eCorporate coordination across nations\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eInternet Communities\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 44\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+09\u003cbr\u003eEra: Digital\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrictionless global grouping\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Internet \u2192 Instant Global\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eSocial Platforms\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 14\u003cbr\u003eValue: 3.00e+09\u003cbr\u003eEra: Digital\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBillions on single platforms (Facebook\u002fWeChat)\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eAI-Mediated Coordination\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 4\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+09\u003cbr\u003eEra: Digital\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAI enables new trust\u002fmatching\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: AI \u2192 Automated 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Tradition Only\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 1,000,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+02\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Low\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eStories\u002fsongs; lossy intergenerational\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eLanguage Mnemonics\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 200,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Medium\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eStructured oral encoding\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eCave Art\u002fSymbols\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 40,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+03\u003cbr\u003eEra: Prehistory\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eExternal symbolic storage begins\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Symbols \u2192 Externalized Mind\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eProto-Writing (tokens)\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 8,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+04\u003cbr\u003eEra: Neolithic\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eClay tokens; accounting\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eWriting (Cuneiform\u002fScribes)\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 5,000\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+04\u003cbr\u003eEra: Ancient\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eReliable external memory\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Writing \u2192 Cumulative Knowledge\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eAlphabets\u002fLibraries\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 2,500\u003cbr\u003eValue: 5.00e+05\u003cbr\u003eEra: Ancient\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eEasier encoding; Alexandria\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003ePrinting Press\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 574\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+07\u003cbr\u003eEra: Pre-Modern\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMass replication of text\u003c\u002fi\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhase: Print \u2192 Scientific Revolution\u003c\u002fb\u003e","\u003cb\u003eTelegraph\u002fPhotography\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 180\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+08\u003cbr\u003eEra: Industrial\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eInstant transmission; images\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eRadio\u002fFilm\u002fRecords\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 100\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+09\u003cbr\u003eEra: Industrial\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBroadcast; audio-visual\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003eTelevision\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 74\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+10\u003cbr\u003eEra: Modern\u003cbr\u003eImpact: High\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMoving images at scale\u003c\u002fi\u003e","\u003cb\u003ePersonal Computers\u003c\u002fb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYears Ago: 44\u003cbr\u003eValue: 1.00e+11\u003cbr\u003eEra: Modern\u003cbr\u003eImpact: Transformative\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDigital storage 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