Fix Windows subprocess NotImplementedError for STDIO clients

This is a clean rebase of PR #596 (#596)
by @theailanguage with merge conflicts resolved and unrelated changes removed.

THIS IS FOR REVIEW ONLY - PR #596 should be the one that gets merged.

Original fix by @theailanguage implements a fallback mechanism for Windows where
asyncio.create_subprocess_exec raises NotImplementedError. Uses subprocess.Popen
directly with async stream wrappers to maintain compatibility.

The DummyProcess class wraps the synchronous Popen object and provides
the same interface as anyio.Process for seamless integration.

Resolves subprocess creation issues on Windows, particularly in environments
with different event loop configurations like Streamlit.

Author: felixweinberger

src/mcp/client/stdio/win32.py

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TextIO
+from typing import BinaryIO, TextIO, cast
 
 import anyio
+from anyio import to_thread
 from anyio.abc import Process
+from anyio.streams.file import FileReadStream, FileWriteStream
 
 
 def get_windows_executable_command(command: str) -> str:
@@ -44,46 +46,115 @@ def get_windows_executable_command(command: str) -> str:
         return command
 
 
+class DummyProcess:
+    """
+    A fallback process wrapper for Windows to handle async I/O
+    when using subprocess.Popen, which provides sync-only FileIO objects.
+
+    This wraps stdin and stdout into async-compatible
+    streams (FileReadStream, FileWriteStream),
+    so that MCP clients expecting async streams can work properly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, popen_obj: subprocess.Popen[bytes]):
+        self.popen: subprocess.Popen[bytes] = popen_obj
+        self.stdin_raw = popen_obj.stdin  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.stdout_raw = popen_obj.stdout  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.stderr = popen_obj.stderr  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        self.stdin = FileWriteStream(cast(BinaryIO, self.stdin_raw)) if self.stdin_raw else None
+        self.stdout = FileReadStream(cast(BinaryIO, self.stdout_raw)) if self.stdout_raw else None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        """Support async context manager entry."""
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: BaseException | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: object | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Terminate and wait on process exit inside a thread."""
+        self.popen.terminate()
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self.popen.wait)
+
+        # Close the file handles to prevent ResourceWarning
+        if self.stdin:
+            await self.stdin.aclose()
+        if self.stdout:
+            await self.stdout.aclose()
+        if self.stdin_raw:
+            self.stdin_raw.close()
+        if self.stdout_raw:
+            self.stdout_raw.close()
+        if self.stderr:
+            self.stderr.close()
+
+    async def wait(self):
+        """Async wait for process completion."""
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self.popen.wait)
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        """Terminate the subprocess immediately."""
+        return self.popen.terminate()
+
+
+# ------------------------
+# Updated function
+# ------------------------
+
+
 async def create_windows_process(
     command: str,
     args: list[str],
     env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-    errlog: TextIO = sys.stderr,
+    errlog: TextIO | None = sys.stderr,
     cwd: Path | str | None = None,
-):
+) -> DummyProcess:
     """
     Creates a subprocess in a Windows-compatible way.
 
-    Windows processes need special handling for console windows and
-    process creation flags.
+    On Windows, asyncio.create_subprocess_exec has incomplete support
+    (NotImplementedError when trying to open subprocesses).
+    Therefore, we fallback to subprocess.Popen and wrap it for async usage.
 
     Args:
-        command: The command to execute
-        args: Command line arguments
-        env: Environment variables
-        errlog: Where to send stderr output
-        cwd: Working directory for the process
+        command (str): The executable to run
+        args (list[str]): List of command line arguments
+        env (dict[str, str] | None): Environment variables
+        errlog (TextIO | None): Where to send stderr output (defaults to sys.stderr)
+        cwd (Path | str | None): Working directory for the subprocess
 
     Returns:
-        A process handle
+        DummyProcess: Async-compatible subprocess with stdin and stdout streams
     """
     try:
-        # Try with Windows-specific flags to hide console window
-        process = await anyio.open_process(
+        # Try launching with creationflags to avoid opening a new console window
+        popen_obj = subprocess.Popen(
             [command, *args],
-            env=env,
-            # Ensure we don't create console windows for each process
-            creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW  # type: ignore
-            if hasattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NO_WINDOW")
-            else 0,
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
             stderr=errlog,
+            env=env,
             cwd=cwd,
+            bufsize=0,  # Unbuffered output
+            creationflags=getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NO_WINDOW", 0),
         )
-        return process
+        return DummyProcess(popen_obj)
+
     except Exception:
-        # Don't raise, let's try to create the process without creation flags
-        process = await anyio.open_process([command, *args], env=env, stderr=errlog, cwd=cwd)
-        return process
+        # If creationflags failed, fallback without them
+        popen_obj = subprocess.Popen(
+            [command, *args],
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=errlog,
+            env=env,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            bufsize=0,
+        )
+        return DummyProcess(popen_obj)
 
 
 async def terminate_windows_process(process: Process):