diff --git a/Buildings/.copiedFiles.txt b/Buildings/.copiedFiles.txt
index ce023d58df4..5cb396fba75 100644
--- a/Buildings/.copiedFiles.txt
+++ b/Buildings/.copiedFiles.txt
@@ -1682,6 +1682,7 @@ Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/EntropyFlowRate.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/Density.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/EnthalpyFlowRate.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/EntropyFlowRate.mo
+Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/MassFraction.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/MoistAirEnthalpyFlowRate.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/PPM.mo
@@ -1696,6 +1697,7 @@ Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/Velocity.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/VolumeFlowRate.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/package.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/package.order
+Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/HeatMeter.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/LatentEnthalpyFlowRate.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/MassFlowRate.mo
 Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/MassFraction.mo
@@ -2690,6 +2692,7 @@ Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Conversions/Examples/To_VolumeF
 Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/Density.mos
 Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/EnthalpyFlowRate.mos
 Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/EntropyFlowRate.mos
+Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mos
 Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/MassFraction.mos
 Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/MoistAirEnthalpyFlowRate.mos
 Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/PPM.mos
diff --git a/Buildings/Examples/Tutorial/SimpleHouse/SimpleHouse0.mo b/Buildings/Examples/Tutorial/SimpleHouse/SimpleHouse0.mo
index 11a40d4729f..fc686832db8 100644
--- a/Buildings/Examples/Tutorial/SimpleHouse/SimpleHouse0.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Examples/Tutorial/SimpleHouse/SimpleHouse0.mo
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ model SimpleHouse0
   parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Density rhoWall = 2000 "Wall density";
   parameter Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificHeatCapacity cpWall = 1000 "Wall specific heat capacity";
   Buildings.BoundaryConditions.WeatherData.ReaderTMY3 weaDat(filNam=
-        ModelicaServices.ExternalReferences.loadResource(
+        Modelica.Utilities.Files.loadResource(
         "modelica://Buildings/Resources/weatherdata/USA_IL_Chicago-OHare.Intl.AP.725300_TMY3.mos"))
     "Weather data reader"
     annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-180,-10},{-160,10}})));
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/AirToOutlet.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/AirToOutlet.mo
index 4b4fcb36a94..3fe36ceb506 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/AirToOutlet.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/AirToOutlet.mo
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ block AirToOutlet
     if allowFlowReversal
     "Temperature of the backward flowing medium in the connector outlet"
     annotation (Placement(
-        visible=allowFloWReserval,
+        visible=allowFlowReversal,
         transformation(extent={{20,20},{-20,-20}},
         rotation=90,
         origin={-60,-120}),
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ block AirToOutlet
     if Medium.nXi > 0 and allowFlowReversal
     "Water mass fraction per total air mass of the backward flowing medium in the connector outlet"
     annotation (Placement(
-        visible=allowFloWReserval,
+        visible=allowFlowReversal,
         transformation(extent={{20,20},{-20,-20}},
         rotation=90,
         origin={0,-120}),
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ block AirToOutlet
     if allowFlowReversal
     "Trace substances of the backward flowing medium in the connector outlet"
     annotation (Placement(
-        visible=allowFloWReserval,
+        visible=allowFlowReversal,
         transformation(extent={{20,20},{-20,-20}},
         rotation=90,
         origin={60,-120}),
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ protected
     "Internal connector for water vapor concentration in kg/kg total air";
 
    // Conditional connectors for the backward flowing medium
-  Buildings.Fluid.FMI.Interfaces.FluidProperties bacPro_internal(
+  output Buildings.Fluid.FMI.Interfaces.FluidProperties bacPro_internal(
     redeclare final package Medium = Medium)
     "Internal connector for fluid properties for back flow";
 
@@ -174,6 +174,11 @@ for its usage.
 </html>", revisions="<html>
 <ul>
 <li>
+February 1, 2024, by Michael Wetter:<br/>
+Added causality.<br/>
+See <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1829\">#1829</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
 January 18, 2019, by Jianjun Hu:<br/>
 Limited the media choice to moist air only.
 See <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1050\">#1050</a>.
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/InletToAir.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/InletToAir.mo
index ed2f903e0f0..fd2ea820eed 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/InletToAir.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/FMI/Conversion/InletToAir.mo
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ block InletToAir
     if allowFlowReversal
     "Zone air temperature"
     annotation (Placement(
-        visible=allowFloWReserval,
+        visible=allowFlowReversal,
         transformation(extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
         rotation=90,
         origin={-60,-120}),
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ block InletToAir
     if Medium.nXi > 0 and allowFlowReversal
     "Zone air water mass fraction per total air mass"
     annotation (Placement(
-        visible=allowFloWReserval,
+        visible=allowFlowReversal,
         transformation(extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
         rotation=90,
         origin={0,-120}),
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ block InletToAir
     if allowFlowReversal
     "Zone air trace substances"
     annotation (Placement(
-        visible=allowFloWReserval,
+        visible=allowFlowReversal,
         transformation(extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
         rotation=90,
         origin={60,-120}),
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ block InletToAir
     annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{100,-100},{140,-60}})));
 
 protected
-  Buildings.Fluid.FMI.Interfaces.FluidProperties bacPro_internal(
+  input Buildings.Fluid.FMI.Interfaces.FluidProperties bacPro_internal(
     redeclare final package Medium = Medium)
     "Internal connector for fluid properties for back flow";
 
@@ -172,6 +172,11 @@ for its usage.
 </html>", revisions="<html>
 <ul>
 <li>
+February 1, 2024, by Michael Wetter:<br/>
+Added causality.<br/>
+See <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1829\">#1829</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
 January 18, 2019, by Jianjun Hu:<br/>
 Limited the media choice to moist air only.
 See <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1050\">#1050</a>.
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/Data/Generic.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/Data/Generic.mo
index f0e64eb766b..fd6ba3839c3 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/Data/Generic.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/Data/Generic.mo
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ record Generic "Generic data record for movers"
   parameter Boolean motorCooledByFluid=true
     "If true, then motor heat is added to fluid stream"
     annotation(Dialog(group="Motor heat rejection"));
-  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Power WMot_nominal(final displayUnit="W")=
+  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Power WMot_nominal=
     if max(power.P)>Modelica.Constants.eps
     then
       if powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/FlowControlled_dp.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/FlowControlled_dp.mo
index 48ae5798756..c36607c31c2 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/FlowControlled_dp.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Movers/FlowControlled_dp.mo
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ model FlowControlled_dp
 
   Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput dpMea(
     final quantity="PressureDifference",
-    final displayUnit="Pa",
+    displayUnit="Pa",
     final unit="Pa")=gain.u if prescribeSystemPressure
     "Measurement of pressure difference between two points where the set point should be obtained"
     annotation (Placement(transformation(
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mo
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2db705562f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mo
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+within Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.Examples;
+model HeatMeter
+  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
+
+  package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water
+    "Medium model";
+
+  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal = 10 "Nominal mass flow rate";
+
+  Sources.MassFlowSource_T sou(
+    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
+    m_flow=m_flow_nominal,
+    nPorts=1) "Mass flow source"
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-70,-10},{-50,10}})));
+  Sources.Boundary_pT sin(
+    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
+    nPorts=1)
+    "Sink"
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{70,-10},{50,10}})));
+  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.FixedHeatFlow heaFloRat(Q_flow=
+        m_flow_nominal*10*4200) "Heat flow rate"
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-50,30},{-30,50}})));
+  MixingVolumes.MixingVolume vol(
+    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
+    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial,
+    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
+    V=0.1,
+    nPorts=2)
+    "Mixing volume"
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,30},{10,50}})));
+  TemperatureTwoPort senT(
+    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
+    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal)
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-30,-10},{-10,10}})));
+  Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.HeatMeter senHeaFlo(
+    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
+    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal)
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{10,-10},{30,10}})));
+equation
+  connect(sou.ports[1], senT.port_a)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-50,0},{-30,0}},   color={0,127,255}));
+  connect(senT.port_b, vol.ports[1]) annotation (Line(points={{-10,0},{-2,0},{
+          -2,30},{-1,30}},    color={0,127,255}));
+  connect(vol.ports[2], senHeaFlo.port_a) annotation (Line(points={{1,30},{2,30},
+          {2,0},{10,0}},       color={0,127,255}));
+  connect(senHeaFlo.port_b, sin.ports[1])
+    annotation (Line(points={{30,0},{50,0}},   color={0,127,255}));
+  connect(senT.T, senHeaFlo.TExt) annotation (Line(points={{-20,11},{-20,18},{
+          -6,18},{-6,6},{8,6}},     color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(heaFloRat.port, vol.heatPort)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-30,40},{-10,40}}, color={191,0,0}));
+    annotation (
+experiment(Tolerance=1e-6, StopTime=60),
+__Dymola_Commands(file="modelica://Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mos"
+        "Simulate and plot"),
+  Documentation(info="<html>
+<p>
+This example tests the heat meter sensor for the situation where heat is exchanged with a control volume.
+</p>
+</html>",
+revisions="<html>
+<ul>
+<li>
+February 1, 2024, by Michael Wetter:<br/>
+Revised implementation.<br/>
+This is for
+<a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1831\">IBPSA, #1831</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+February 1, 2024, by Jan Gall:<br/>
+First implementation.<br/>
+This is for
+<a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1831\">IBPSA, #1831</a>.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</html>"));
+end HeatMeter;
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/PPM.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/PPM.mo
index 2782302fca7..232d323d7df 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/PPM.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/PPM.mo
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ model PPM "Test model for the extra property sensor outputting PPM"
   package Medium = Buildings.Media.Air(extraPropertiesNames={"CO2"})
     "Medium model";
 
-  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=volDyn.V*
-      senPPMTwoPort.tau*3*rho_default
+  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=
+    volDyn.V*senPPMTwoPort.tau*3*rho_default
     "Mass flow rate into and out of the volume";
 
   Buildings.Fluid.MixingVolumes.MixingVolume volDyn(
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ model PPM "Test model for the extra property sensor outputting PPM"
     redeclare package Medium = Medium,
     nPorts=2,
     m_flow=m_flow_nominal) "Fresh air supply"
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,30},{-20,50}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(origin = {-28, 0}, extent = {{-40, 30}, {-20, 50}})));
 
   Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.PPM senPPMVol(
     redeclare package Medium = Medium,
@@ -82,32 +82,44 @@ model PPM "Test model for the extra property sensor outputting PPM"
     redeclare package Medium = Medium,
     nPorts=1,
     m_flow=m_flow_nominal) "Fresh air supply for steady state volume"
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,110},{-20,130}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(origin = {-28, 0}, extent = {{-40, 110}, {-20, 130}})));
   Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sin(
     redeclare package Medium = Medium,
     nPorts=2) "Exhaust air"
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-60},{-20,-40}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(origin = {-30, 0}, extent = {{-40, -60}, {-20, -40}})));
+
+  Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop dp(
+     redeclare package Medium = Medium,
+     dp_nominal = 200,
+     m_flow_nominal = m_flow_nominal)
+     "Pressure drop to decouple volume pressure from boundary pressure"
+     annotation (
+    Placement(transformation(origin = {-28, -50}, extent = {{-2, -10}, {18, 10}})));
 
 protected
   final parameter Medium.ThermodynamicState state_default = Medium.setState_pTX(
       T=Medium.T_default,
       p=Medium.p_default,
-      X=Medium.X_default[1:Medium.nXi]) "Medium state at default values";
+      X=Medium.X_default[1:Medium.nXi]) "Medium state at default values"
+    annotation(Evaluate=true);
   // Density at medium default values, used to compute the size of control volumes
-  final parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Density rho_default=Medium.density(state=
-      state_default) "Density, used to compute fluid mass";
+  final parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Density rho_default=Medium.density(
+    state=state_default)
+    "Density, used to compute fluid mass"
+    annotation(Evaluate=true);
 
 equation
-  connect(mSou.ports[1], volDyn.ports[1]) annotation (Line(points={{-20,42},{
-          77.3333,42},{77.3333,50}},       color={0,127,255}));
+  connect(mSou.ports[1], volDyn.ports[1]) annotation (Line(points={{-48,39},{
+          -48,50},{78.6667,50}},
+                            color={0,127,255}));
   connect(CO2In.y, volDyn.C_flow[1]) annotation (Line(points={{21,70},{32,70},{32,
           54},{68,54}}, color={0,0,127}));
   connect(senPPMVol.port, volDyn.ports[2]) annotation (Line(points={{130,40},{80,
-          40},{80,50}},         color={0,127,255}));
+          40},{80,50}},color={0,127,255}));
   connect(senPPMIn.port, mSou.ports[2])
-    annotation (Line(points={{-10,80},{-10,38},{-20,38}}, color={0,127,255}));
+    annotation (Line(points={{-10,80},{-10,41},{-48,41}}, color={0,127,255}));
   connect(senPPMTwoPort.port_a, volDyn.ports[3]) annotation (Line(points={{80,20},
-          {80,50},{82.6667,50}},         color={0,127,255}));
+          {80,50},{81.3333,50}},         color={0,127,255}));
   connect(senPPMNoRev.port_a, senPPMTwoPort.port_b)
     annotation (Line(points={{80,-20},{80,0}}, color={0,127,255}));
   connect(senPPMRev.port_b, senPPMNoRev.port_b) annotation (Line(points={{60,-50},
@@ -116,15 +128,17 @@ equation
     annotation (Line(points={{20,-50},{30,-50},{40,-50}}, color={0,127,255}));
   connect(CO2In.y,volSte. C_flow[1]) annotation (Line(points={{21,70},{32,70},{32,
           84},{68,84}}, color={0,0,127}));
-  connect(volSte.ports[1], senPPMVol2.port) annotation (Line(points={{77.3333,
+  connect(volSte.ports[1], senPPMVol2.port) annotation (Line(points={{78.6667,
           80},{130,80}},          color={0,127,255}));
-  connect(mSouSta.ports[1], volSte.ports[2]) annotation (Line(points={{-20,120},
+  connect(mSouSta.ports[1], volSte.ports[2]) annotation (Line(points={{-48,120},
           {54,120},{54,80},{80,80}},      color={0,127,255}));
-  connect(sin.ports[1], senPPMSta.port_b) annotation (Line(points={{-20,-48},{-10,
-          -48},{-10,-50},{0,-50}}, color={0,127,255}));
-  connect(sin.ports[2], volSte.ports[3]) annotation (Line(points={{-20,-52},{
-          -20,-80},{110,-80},{110,80},{82.6667,80}},
-                                                 color={0,127,255}));
+  connect(sin.ports[1], volSte.ports[3]) annotation (
+    Line(points={{-50,-51},{-50,-80},{110,-80},{110,80},{81.3333,80}},            color = {0, 127, 255}));
+  connect(dp.port_b, senPPMSta.port_b) annotation (
+    Line(points = {{-10, -50}, {0, -50}}, color = {0, 127, 255}));
+  connect(dp.port_a, sin.ports[2]) annotation (
+    Line(points={{-30,-50},{-40,-50},{-40,-49},{-50,-49}},
+                                            color = {0, 127, 255}));
     annotation (
 experiment(Tolerance=1e-6, StopTime=3),
 __Dymola_Commands(file="modelica://Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/PPM.mos"
@@ -142,6 +156,11 @@ and with or without dynamics are tested.
 revisions="<html>
 <ul>
 <li>
+February 1, 2024, by Michael Wetter:<br/>
+Added pressure drop to avoid redundant initial conditions for pressure of control volume.<br/>
+This is for <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1830\"> #1830</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
 May 2, 2019, by Jianjun Hu:<br/>
 Replaced fluid source. This is for
 <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1072\"> #1072</a>.
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/package.order b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/package.order
index 6e4c242734b..9288f236149 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/package.order
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/package.order
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 Density
 EnthalpyFlowRate
 EntropyFlowRate
+HeatMeter
 MassFraction
 MoistAirEnthalpyFlowRate
 PPM
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/HeatMeter.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/HeatMeter.mo
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e5203589215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/HeatMeter.mo
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+within Buildings.Fluid.Sensors;
+model HeatMeter "Measures thermal energy provided between supply and return pipes"
+  extends BaseClasses.PartialDynamicFlowSensor;
+  extends Modelica.Icons.RoundSensor;
+  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TExt(
+    final unit="K",
+    displayUnit="degC") "External temperature measurement to calculate temperature difference"
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-140,40},{-100,80}}),
+        iconTransformation(extent={{-140,40},{-100,80}})));
+  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput Q_flow(
+    final quantity="HeatFlowRate",
+    final unit="W") "Heat flow rate"
+    annotation (Placement(
+        transformation(
+        extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
+        rotation=90,
+        origin={0,110})));
+  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Temperature T_start=Medium.T_default
+    "Initial or guess value of temperature"
+    annotation (Dialog(group="Initialization"));
+  Medium.Temperature T(start=T_start) "Temperature of the passing fluid";
+protected
+  Medium.Temperature TMed(start=T_start) "Medium temperature to which the sensor is exposed";
+  Medium.Temperature T_a_inflow "Temperature of inflowing fluid at port_a";
+  Medium.Temperature T_b_inflow "Temperature of inflowing fluid at port_b, or T_a_inflow if uni-directional flow";
+initial equation
+  if dynamic then
+    if initType == Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.SteadyState then
+      der(T) = 0;
+    elseif initType == Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState or
+           initType == Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialOutput then
+      T = T_start;
+    end if;
+  end if;
+equation
+  if allowFlowReversal then
+     T_a_inflow = Medium.temperature(state=
+                    Medium.setState_phX(p=port_b.p, h=port_b.h_outflow, X=port_b.Xi_outflow));
+     T_b_inflow = Medium.temperature(state=
+                    Medium.setState_phX(p=port_a.p, h=port_a.h_outflow, X=port_a.Xi_outflow));
+     TMed = Modelica.Fluid.Utilities.regStep(
+              x=port_a.m_flow,
+              y1=T_a_inflow,
+              y2=T_b_inflow,
+              x_small=m_flow_small);
+  else
+     TMed = Medium.temperature(state=
+              Medium.setState_phX(p=port_b.p, h=port_b.h_outflow, X=port_b.Xi_outflow));
+     T_a_inflow = TMed;
+     T_b_inflow = TMed;
+  end if;
+  if dynamic then
+    der(T) = (TMed-T)*k*tauInv;
+  else
+    T = TMed;
+  end if;
+  Q_flow = port_a.m_flow * Medium.cp_const * (T - TExt);
+
+annotation (defaultComponentName="senHeaFlo",
+  Icon(graphics={
+        Ellipse(
+          fillColor={245,222,222},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
+          extent={{-70,-70},{70,70}}),
+        Line(points={{-100,0},{-70,0}}, color={0,128,255}),
+        Line(points={{70,0},{100,0}}, color={0,128,255}),
+        Line(points={{0,100},{0,70}}, color={0,0,127}),
+        Text(
+          extent={{180,151},{20,99}},
+          textColor={0,0,0},
+          textString="Q_flow"),
+        Text(
+          extent={{-20,120},{-140,70}},
+          textColor={0,0,0},
+          textString=DynamicSelect("", String(Q_flow, leftJustified=false, significantDigits=3))),
+        Text(
+          extent={{-22,120},{-100,48}},
+          textColor={0,0,127},
+          textString="TExt"),
+        Line(points={{37.6,13.7},{65.8,23.9}}),
+        Line(points={{22.9,32.8},{40.2,57.3}}),
+        Line(points={{0,70},{0,40}}),
+        Line(points={{-22.9,32.8},{-40.2,57.3}}),
+        Line(points={{-37.6,13.7},{-65.8,23.9}}),
+        Ellipse(
+          fillColor={64,64,64},
+          pattern=LinePattern.None,
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
+          extent={{-7,-7},{7,7}}),
+        Polygon(
+          rotation=-17.5,
+          fillColor={64,64,64},
+          pattern=LinePattern.None,
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
+          points={{-5.0,0.0},{-2.0,60.0},{0.0,65.0},{2.0,60.0},{5.0,0.0}}),
+        Ellipse(
+          lineColor={64,64,64},
+          fillColor={255,255,255},
+          extent={{-12,-12},{12,12}})}),
+Documentation(info="<html>
+<p>
+This model measures thermal energy provided between a supply and return pipe.
+It measures the capacity flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and the change in its
+temperature compared to an external temperature measurement that is input into the port
+<code>TExt</code>. The sensor does not influence the fluid.
+</p>
+<p>
+The rate of heat flow is calculated as <i>Q&#775; = m&#775; c<sub>p</sub> (T - T<sub>Ext</sub>)</i>.</p>
+</html>",
+revisions="<html>
+<ul>
+<li>
+February 1, 2024, by Michael Wetter:<br/>
+Revised implementation.<br/>
+This is for
+<a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1831\">IBPSA, #1831</a>.
+</li>
+<li>
+February 1, 2024, by Jan Gall:<br/>
+First implementation.<br/>
+This is for
+<a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1831\">IBPSA, #1831</a>.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</html>"));
+end HeatMeter;
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/UsersGuide.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/UsersGuide.mo
index 2b84e759f5a..1af9dbbffcb 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/UsersGuide.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/UsersGuide.mo
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Sensors for quantities that depend on the direction of the mass flow rate but
 not of its magnitude:
 </em>
 Such quantities include density, mass fraction, PPM, relative humidity, specific enthalpy, specific entropy and trace substances.
-Not that these are all quantities that are carried by the fluid that flows through the sensor.
+Note that these are all quantities that are carried by the fluid that flows through the sensor.
 For these sensors, if the parameter <code>allowFlowReversal=true</code> is set (which is the default setting),
 then it is strongly recommended to configure them
 as a dynamic sensor. This is the default setting.<br/>
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/VolumeFlowRate.mo b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/VolumeFlowRate.mo
index 12e7712f4c4..3022f0cd5c3 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/VolumeFlowRate.mo
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/VolumeFlowRate.mo
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ model VolumeFlowRate "Ideal sensor for volume flow rate"
         rotation=270)));
 protected
   Medium.Density dMed(start=d_start)
-    "Medium temperature to which the sensor is exposed";
+    "Medium density to which the sensor is exposed";
 
   Medium.Density d_a_inflow(start=d_start)
     "Density of inflowing fluid at port_a";
diff --git a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/package.order b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/package.order
index e7e7c9bff91..fa943ff00f4 100644
--- a/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/package.order
+++ b/Buildings/Fluid/Sensors/package.order
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Density
 DensityTwoPort
 EnthalpyFlowRate
 EntropyFlowRate
+HeatMeter
 LatentEnthalpyFlowRate
 MassFlowRate
 MassFraction
diff --git a/Buildings/Resources/ReferenceResults/Dymola/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_Examples_HeatMeter.txt b/Buildings/Resources/ReferenceResults/Dymola/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_Examples_HeatMeter.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6493018ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Buildings/Resources/ReferenceResults/Dymola/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_Examples_HeatMeter.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+last-generated=2024-02-01
+statistics-simulation=
+{
+  "linear": " ",
+  "nonlinear": " ",
+  "number of continuous time states": "3",
+  "numerical Jacobians": "0"
+}
+time=[0e+00, 6e+01]
+senHeaFlo.Q_flow=[0e+00, 6.135302814887254e+03, 2.024211004943313e+04, 3.806596635045912e+04, 5.735886017640069e+04, 7.69003203125e+04, 9.605505767047344e+04, 1.145098494566929e+05, 1.321029788968033e+05, 1.487847005315746e+05, 1.645585e+05, 1.794507366602567e+05, 1.934949730579872e+05, 2.067290271429792e+05, 2.191943982694409e+05, 2.30933234375e+05, 2.41987868139305e+05, 2.523970031914593e+05, 2.621994657085459e+05, 2.714292556591234e+05, 2.8011971875e+05, 2.883016199230112e+05, 2.960048461113893e+05, 3.032570914998232e+05, 3.100849416862036e+05, 3.16513375e+05, 3.225658712441389e+05, 3.282644616773623e+05, 3.336297565791147e+05, 3.38681284347135e+05, 3.4343725e+05, 3.479150597213503e+05, 3.521309010177422e+05, 3.561000986168839e+05, 3.598370335411865e+05, 3.6335534375e+05, 3.666678729444488e+05, 3.697867773791028e+05, 3.727235973512874e+05, 3.754886266952436e+05, 3.780919375e+05, 3.805429672290988e+05, 3.828506533860168e+05, 3.85023346414309e+05, 3.870689075040729e+05, 3.8899471875e+05, 3.908079051247715e+05, 3.925150603812684e+05, 3.941224394709131e+05, 3.956357509278391e+05, 3.97060625e+05, 3.984022804174283e+05, 3.996654359322101e+05, 4.008547202083168e+05, 4.019744347208977e+05, 4.0302865625e+05, 4.040212211838006e+05, 4.04955686340282e+05, 4.058354698288537e+05, 4.066638104436868e+05, 4.0744371875e+05, 4.081780018008138e+05, 4.088693741418842e+05, 4.09520344548312e+05, 4.101332484785269e+05, 4.107103125e+05, 4.11253626332332e+05, 4.117651556152049e+05, 4.122467818404886e+05, 4.127002176242927e+05, 4.13127125e+05, 4.135290322358382e+05, 4.139074682803112e+05, 4.142637504369059e+05, 4.145992179171435e+05, 4.149150625e+05, 4.152124382295441e+05, 4.154924371525018e+05, 4.157560628232587e+05, 4.160042806340994e+05, 4.1623796875e+05, 4.164580005396084e+05, 4.16665155992903e+05, 4.168601564892154e+05, 4.170437807942336e+05, 4.172166875e+05, 4.17379437899342e+05, 4.175326873098595e+05, 4.176770001768287e+05, 4.178128434126455e+05, 4.1794075e+05, 4.180611877956323e+05, 4.181745936091331e+05, 4.182813438809327e+05, 4.183818435008583e+05, 4.1847646875e+05, 4.185655627185454e+05, 4.186494373958896e+05, 4.187283750967591e+05, 4.188026873156272e+05, 4.1887265625e+05]
+heaFloRat.Q_flow=[4.2e+05, 4.2e+05]
diff --git a/Buildings/Resources/ReferenceResults/Dymola/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_Examples_PPM.txt b/Buildings/Resources/ReferenceResults/Dymola/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_Examples_PPM.txt
index 0089ece8557..74323325e9d 100644
--- a/Buildings/Resources/ReferenceResults/Dymola/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_Examples_PPM.txt
+++ b/Buildings/Resources/ReferenceResults/Dymola/Buildings_Fluid_Sensors_Examples_PPM.txt
@@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
-last-generated=2020-08-17
-statistics-initialization=
-{
-  "linear": "0, 0, 0"
-}
+last-generated=2024-02-12
 statistics-simulation=
 {
   "linear": " ",
-  "nonlinear": " ",
-  "number of continuous time states": "6",
+  "nonlinear": "0",
+  "number of continuous time states": "7",
   "numerical Jacobians": "0"
 }
 time=[0e+00, 3e+00]
-senPPMTwoPort.ppm=[0e+00, 8.996816086141198e-01, 3.261243962162067e+00, 6.996448959183172e+00, 1.189501145107917e+01, 1.789784686578036e+01, 2.485735146073957e+01, 3.259696377497645e+01, 4.105935444762826e+01, 5.009243443013055e+01, 5.969271460490052e+01, 6.973167737036231e+01, 8.013662217149903e+01, 9.085043853411885e+01, 1.018091250185619e+02, 1.129411360444768e+02, 1.242126582012896e+02, 1.35685916750072e+02, 1.472309945400953e+02, 1.587855557281445e+02, 1.702871765570848e+02, 1.816735400024704e+02, 1.928822229426333e+02, 2.040466012234394e+02, 2.150784807509485e+02, 2.259406127929688e+02, 2.366362711222483e+02, 2.471979514365048e+02, 2.575865568382896e+02, 2.677913191908738e+02, 2.778281023748404e+02, 2.876852393667581e+02, 2.97354621091526e+02, 3.068346832881419e+02, 3.161298276136881e+02, 3.252321614984316e+02, 3.341385371771331e+02, 3.428546101380485e+02, 3.513777505903283e+02, 3.597054255625459e+02, 3.678395257586792e+02, 3.757887828359731e+02, 3.83549196766915e+02, 3.911213473758851e+02, 3.985058465950154e+02, 4.057032414097783e+02, 4.127139598367621e+02, 4.195494459680543e+02, 4.262123287340807e+02, 4.327008300596927e+02, 4.390174255371094e+02, 4.451647091357333e+02, 4.511453359258974e+02, 4.569623043904733e+02, 4.626237173718269e+02, 4.681301922917376e+02, 4.734853912875683e+02, 4.786932917913336e+02, 4.837579940133548e+02, 4.886836883825772e+02, 4.93471992340488e+02, 4.98123345472343e+02, 5.026446511887629e+02, 5.070397664648337e+02, 5.113126891155132e+02, 5.154673396615225e+02, 5.195078709946036e+02, 5.234312756394222e+02, 5.272422532980618e+02, 5.309455647400673e+02, 5.345443227681088e+02, 5.380416127867987e+02, 5.414404811088552e+02, 5.447435850827459e+02, 5.479502533249536e+02, 5.510652465820312e+02, 5.540909452180879e+02, 5.570296075583516e+02, 5.598836750151843e+02, 5.626552227900103e+02, 5.653466712309562e+02, 5.679604434709777e+02, 5.704982878266436e+02, 5.729622184642218e+02, 5.753541274703547e+02, 5.776759069451692e+02, 5.799293269204203e+02, 5.82119453326203e+02, 5.84246574680838e+02, 5.863121285977516e+02, 5.883176848382988e+02, 5.90265013424921e+02, 5.921555792035998e+02, 5.939908470191522e+02, 5.957723427603796e+02, 5.975012871360339e+02, 5.991789487556531e+02, 6.008066360245897e+02, 6.023853730021718e+02, 6.039162583238314e+02, 6.0540087890625e+02]
-senPPMNoRev.ppm=[0e+00, 8.996816086141198e-01, 3.261243962162067e+00, 6.996448959183172e+00, 1.189501145107917e+01, 1.789784686578036e+01, 2.485735146073957e+01, 3.259696377497645e+01, 4.105935444762826e+01, 5.009243443013055e+01, 5.969271460490052e+01, 6.973167737036231e+01, 8.013662217149903e+01, 9.085043853411885e+01, 1.018091250185619e+02, 1.129411360444768e+02, 1.242126582012896e+02, 1.35685916750072e+02, 1.472309945400953e+02, 1.587855557281445e+02, 1.702871765570848e+02, 1.816735400024704e+02, 1.928822229426333e+02, 2.040466012234394e+02, 2.150784807509485e+02, 2.259406127929688e+02, 2.366362711222483e+02, 2.471979514365048e+02, 2.575865568382896e+02, 2.677913191908738e+02, 2.778281023748404e+02, 2.876852393667581e+02, 2.97354621091526e+02, 3.068346832881419e+02, 3.161298276136881e+02, 3.252321614984316e+02, 3.341385371771331e+02, 3.428546101380485e+02, 3.513777505903283e+02, 3.597054255625459e+02, 3.678395257586792e+02, 3.757887828359731e+02, 3.83549196766915e+02, 3.911213473758851e+02, 3.985058465950154e+02, 4.057032414097783e+02, 4.127139598367621e+02, 4.195494459680543e+02, 4.262123287340807e+02, 4.327008300596927e+02, 4.390174255371094e+02, 4.451647091357333e+02, 4.511453359258974e+02, 4.569623043904733e+02, 4.626237173718269e+02, 4.681301922917376e+02, 4.734853912875683e+02, 4.786932917913336e+02, 4.837579940133548e+02, 4.886836883825772e+02, 4.93471992340488e+02, 4.98123345472343e+02, 5.026446511887629e+02, 5.070397664648337e+02, 5.113126891155132e+02, 5.154673396615225e+02, 5.195078709946036e+02, 5.234312756394222e+02, 5.272422532980618e+02, 5.309455647400673e+02, 5.345443227681088e+02, 5.380416127867987e+02, 5.414404811088552e+02, 5.447435850827459e+02, 5.479502533249536e+02, 5.510652465820312e+02, 5.540909452180879e+02, 5.570296075583516e+02, 5.598836750151843e+02, 5.626552227900103e+02, 5.653466712309562e+02, 5.679604434709777e+02, 5.704982878266436e+02, 5.729622184642218e+02, 5.753541274703547e+02, 5.776759069451692e+02, 5.799293269204203e+02, 5.82119453326203e+02, 5.84246574680838e+02, 5.863121285977516e+02, 5.883176848382988e+02, 5.90265013424921e+02, 5.921555792035998e+02, 5.939908470191522e+02, 5.957723427603796e+02, 5.975012871360339e+02, 5.991789487556531e+02, 6.008066360245897e+02, 6.023853730021718e+02, 6.039162583238314e+02, 6.0540087890625e+02]
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diff --git a/Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mos b/Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mos
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..574d6678978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Buildings/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Fluid/Sensors/Examples/HeatMeter.mos
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+simulateModel("Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.Examples.HeatMeter", stopTime=60, tolerance=1e-06, resultFile="HeatMeter");
+createPlot(id=1, position={551, 169, 592, 371}, y={"senHeaFlo.Q_flow", "heaFloRat.Q_flow"}, range={0.0, 60.0, -50000.0, 450000.0}, grid=true, colors={{28,108,200}, {238,46,47}}, timeUnit="s", displayUnits={"W", "W"});
diff --git a/Buildings/Resources/Scripts/OpenModelica/compareVars/Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.Examples.HeatMeter.mos b/Buildings/Resources/Scripts/OpenModelica/compareVars/Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.Examples.HeatMeter.mos
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..abad5fe92c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Buildings/Resources/Scripts/OpenModelica/compareVars/Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.Examples.HeatMeter.mos
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+compareVars :=
+  {
+    "senHeaFlo.Q_flow",
+    "heaFloRat.Q_flow"
+  };