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Aqi-ESP — Smart IoT AQI Monitoring System

A complete end-to-end IoT air quality monitoring system built using ESP32, MicroPython, and Flask to measure real-time AQI from multiple gas sensors and display it live on an OLED screen.

ESP32 Python IoT AQI OLED

Project Overview

This project collects real-time air quality data from multiple sensors connected to an ESP32, sends it to a Flask backend which calculates the Air Quality Index (AQI), and displays the result live on an SSD1306 OLED screen along with temperature and humidity.

Features

  • Real-time AQI calculation from multiple gas sensors
  • Temperature & Humidity monitoring (DHT11)
  • Live OLED display (AQI, Status, Temp, Humidity)
  • Flask backend for AQI computation
  • WiFi-based HTTP communication (ESP32 → Server)
  • AQI Status: Good / Moderate / Unhealthy / Hazardous

Tech Stack

Hardware

  • ESP32
  • MQ-135 (NO / NOx)
  • MQ-7 (CO)
  • GP2Y1010AU0F (PM2.5 Dust Sensor)
  • DHT11 (Temperature & Humidity)
  • SSD1306 OLED Display (128x64, I2C)

Software

  • MicroPython (ESP32)
  • Python (Flask Backend)

How It Works

  1. ESP32 reads sensor values from MQ-135, MQ-7, and PM2.5 sensor
  2. Data is sent to Flask server via HTTP POST as JSON
  3. Flask backend:
    • Converts raw ADC values to AQI-friendly units
    • Calculates overall AQI
    • Returns AQI value + status
  4. ESP32 displays AQI, status, temperature & humidity on OLED

API

Endpoint: POST /predict

Request:

{
  "no":   1024,
  "co":   860,
  "nox":  1024,
  "pm25": 0.85
}

Response:

{
  "predicted_aqi": 104.5,
  "status": "Unhealthy"
}

ESP32 Pin Connections

Circuit Diagram

Sensor ESP32 Pin Description
MQ-135 (AO) GPIO 34 NO / NOx analog value
MQ-7 (AO) GPIO 33 CO analog value
PM2.5 Analog Out GPIO 35 Dust sensor analog
PM2.5 LED Control GPIO 4 Pulse LED for PM sensor
DHT11 Data GPIO 27 Temp & Humidity
OLED SDA GPIO 21 I2C Data
OLED SCL GPIO 22 I2C Clock

Getting Started

Flask Server

pip install flask
python app.py

ESP32

  • Flash MicroPython on ESP32
  • Upload main.py and ssd1306.py
  • Update SSID, PASSWORD, and SERVER_URL in main.py
  • Reset the board

AQI Scale

AQI Range Status
0 – 50 Good
51 – 100 Moderate
101 – 200 Unhealthy
201+ Hazardous

Future Improvements

  • Cloud deployment (Firebase / AWS)
  • Mobile dashboard
  • Alert notifications (Email / WhatsApp)
  • Data logging & graphs

Author

Kritish Mohapatra
B.Tech Electrical Engineering (3rd Year)
IoT | Embedded Systems | MicroPython | ESP32

⭐ Support

If you like this project, give it a ⭐ on GitHub and feel free to fork it!

Happy hacking 🚀