diff --git a/c2rust-transpile/src/translator/literals.rs b/c2rust-transpile/src/translator/literals.rs
index 5c8c02824..ac6bb3b24 100644
--- a/c2rust-transpile/src/translator/literals.rs
+++ b/c2rust-transpile/src/translator/literals.rs
@@ -173,61 +173,75 @@ impl<'c> Translation<'c> {
             CTypeKind::ConstantArray(ty, n) => {
                 // Convert all of the provided initializer values
 
-                // Need to check to see if the next item is a string literal,
-                // if it is need to treat it as a declaration, rather than
-                // an init list. https://github.com/GaloisInc/C2Rust/issues/40
-                let mut is_string = false;
+                let to_array_element = |id: &CExprId| -> TranslationResult<_> {
+                    self.convert_expr(ctx.used(), *id)?.result_map(|x| {
+                        // Array literals require all of their elements to be
+                        // the correct type; they will not use implicit casts to
+                        // change mut to const. This becomes a problem when an
+                        // array literal is used in a position where there is no
+                        // type information available to force its type to the
+                        // correct const or mut variation. To avoid this issue
+                        // we manually insert the otherwise elided casts in this
+                        // particular context.
+                        if let CExprKind::ImplicitCast(ty, _, CastKind::ConstCast, _, _) =
+                            self.ast_context[*id].kind
+                        {
+                            let t = self.convert_type(ty.ctype)?;
+                            Ok(mk().cast_expr(x, t))
+                        } else {
+                            Ok(x)
+                        }
+                    })
+                };
 
-                if ids.len() == 1 {
-                    let v = ids.first().unwrap();
-                    if let CExprKind::Literal(_, CLiteral::String { .. }) =
-                        self.ast_context.index(*v).kind
-                    {
-                        is_string = true;
-                    }
-                }
+                let is_string_literal = |id: CExprId| {
+                    matches!(
+                        self.ast_context.index(id).kind,
+                        CExprKind::Literal(_, CLiteral::String { .. })
+                    )
+                };
 
-                if is_string {
-                    let v = ids.first().unwrap();
-                    self.convert_expr(ctx.used(), *v)
-                } else if ids.is_empty() {
-                    // this was likely a C array of the form `int x[16] = {}`,
-                    // we'll emit that as [0; 16].
-                    let len = mk().lit_expr(mk().int_unsuffixed_lit(n as u128));
-                    self.implicit_default_expr(ty, ctx.is_static)?
-                        .and_then(|default_value| {
-                            Ok(WithStmts::new_val(mk().repeat_expr(default_value, len)))
-                        })
-                } else {
-                    Ok(ids
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|id| {
-                            self.convert_expr(ctx.used(), *id)?.result_map(|x| {
-                                // Array literals require all of their elements to be
-                                // the correct type; they will not use implicit casts to
-                                // change mut to const. This becomes a problem when an
-                                // array literal is used in a position where there is no
-                                // type information available to force its type to the
-                                // correct const or mut variation. To avoid this issue
-                                // we manually insert the otherwise elided casts in this
-                                // particular context.
-                                if let CExprKind::ImplicitCast(ty, _, CastKind::ConstCast, _, _) =
-                                    self.ast_context[*id].kind
-                                {
-                                    let t = self.convert_type(ty.ctype)?;
-                                    Ok(mk().cast_expr(x, t))
-                                } else {
-                                    Ok(x)
-                                }
-                            })
-                        })
-                        .chain(
-                            // Pad out the array literal with default values to the desired size
-                            iter::repeat(self.implicit_default_expr(ty, ctx.is_static))
-                                .take(n - ids.len()),
-                        )
-                        .collect::<TranslationResult<WithStmts<_>>>()?
-                        .map(|vals| mk().array_expr(vals)))
+                let is_zero_literal = |id: CExprId| {
+                    matches!(
+                        self.ast_context.index(id).kind,
+                        CExprKind::Literal(_, CLiteral::Integer(0, _base))
+                    )
+                };
+
+                match ids {
+                    [] => {
+                        // this was likely a C array of the form `int x[16] = {}`,
+                        // we'll emit that as [0; 16].
+                        let len = mk().lit_expr(mk().int_unsuffixed_lit(n as u128));
+                        Ok(self
+                            .implicit_default_expr(ty, ctx.is_static)?
+                            .map(|default_value| mk().repeat_expr(default_value, len)))
+                    }
+                    [single] if is_string_literal(*single) => {
+                        // Need to check to see if the next item is a string literal,
+                        // if it is need to treat it as a declaration, rather than
+                        // an init list. https://github.com/GaloisInc/C2Rust/issues/40
+                        self.convert_expr(ctx.used(), *single)
+                    }
+                    [single] if is_zero_literal(*single) && n > 1 => {
+                        // this was likely a C array of the form `int x[16] = { 0 }`,
+                        // we'll emit that as [0; 16].
+                        let len = mk().lit_expr(mk().int_unsuffixed_lit(n as u128));
+                        Ok(to_array_element(single)?
+                            .map(|default_value| mk().repeat_expr(default_value, len)))
+                    }
+                    [..] => {
+                        Ok(ids
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(to_array_element)
+                            .chain(
+                                // Pad out the array literal with default values to the desired size
+                                iter::repeat(self.implicit_default_expr(ty, ctx.is_static))
+                                    .take(n - ids.len()),
+                            )
+                            .collect::<TranslationResult<WithStmts<_>>>()?
+                            .map(|vals| mk().array_expr(vals)))
+                    }
                 }
             }
             CTypeKind::Struct(struct_id) => {
diff --git a/tests/arrays/src/arrays.c b/tests/arrays/src/arrays.c
index 1e75c3fcf..283950e65 100644
--- a/tests/arrays/src/arrays.c
+++ b/tests/arrays/src/arrays.c
@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@ void entry(const unsigned buffer_size, int buffer[const])
     struct {char* x; int y;} arr3[1] = {};
     arr3[0].y += 9;
 
+    int arr4[16] = {0};
+    arr4[15] += 9;
+
+    struct {short; int y;} arr5[1] = { { 1, 2 } };
+    arr5[0].y += 9;
+
+    // excess elements
+    int arr6[2] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+    int arr7[0] = { 1234 };
+
     int i = 0;
 
     char abc[] = "abc";